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Photo of Lynn A Polizzi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Gloucester, VA
Lynn A Polizzi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CH, CIMHP
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23114
Have you tried other forms of traditional therapy to only be right back where you started? Let’s figure out what works well and expand on that. Let’s not waste years in therapy but instead come up with achievable goals and make long-lasting changes. Finally, let’s add in non-traditional integrated modalities like mindfulness and hypnotherapy.
Have you tried other forms of traditional therapy to only be right back where you started? Let’s figure out what works well and expand on that. Let’s not waste years in therapy but instead come up with achievable goals and make long-lasting changes. Finally, let’s add in non-traditional integrated modalities like mindfulness and hypnotherapy.
(804) 599-4885 View (804) 599-4885

Online Therapists

Photo of Rachael Stern, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Gloucester, VA
Rachael Stern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
The status quo tells us we can’t trust ourselves, our knowing, or our bodies. Rachael believes that our innate knowing - when we can access it, is not only the gold we seek, but the light we shine for ourselves and in the world around us. From experience with eating disorders, self-injury, trauma, chronic pain, couples and larger family systems and the LGBTQIA umbrella to professional work in issue focused non-profits/campaigns (and even performing), Rachael is deeply in tune with the political and social ecosystems that our intersectional identities transverse on a moment to moment basis
The status quo tells us we can’t trust ourselves, our knowing, or our bodies. Rachael believes that our innate knowing - when we can access it, is not only the gold we seek, but the light we shine for ourselves and in the world around us. From experience with eating disorders, self-injury, trauma, chronic pain, couples and larger family systems and the LGBTQIA umbrella to professional work in issue focused non-profits/campaigns (and even performing), Rachael is deeply in tune with the political and social ecosystems that our intersectional identities transverse on a moment to moment basis
(301) 591-6283 View (301) 591-6283
Photo of Sierra Dayton Rivers Of Hope Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Gloucester, VA
Sierra Dayton Rivers Of Hope Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23236
I also work closely with clients with trauma, PTSD, chronic illness, and BPD.
Accepting New Clients! I strive to help every client reach their goals, whether it's to "just stay alive" or to "determine the meaning of life." Everyone can benefit from therapy and I am here to help you on your journey to better wellness and optimal mental health. I believe in meeting clients where they're at, in supporting them in every part of their journey, and that there is always something to gain in therapy. Whether you are experiencing clinical depression, psychosis, disordered eating, self-harm, or relationship struggles, I am here to help you navigate your way through those stormy waters.
I also work closely with clients with trauma, PTSD, chronic illness, and BPD.
Accepting New Clients! I strive to help every client reach their goals, whether it's to "just stay alive" or to "determine the meaning of life." Everyone can benefit from therapy and I am here to help you on your journey to better wellness and optimal mental health. I believe in meeting clients where they're at, in supporting them in every part of their journey, and that there is always something to gain in therapy. Whether you are experiencing clinical depression, psychosis, disordered eating, self-harm, or relationship struggles, I am here to help you navigate your way through those stormy waters.
(571) 517-1685 View (571) 517-1685
Photo of Gianna Giuoco, Licensed Professional Counselor in Gloucester, VA
Gianna Giuoco
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Culpeper, VA 22701  (Online Only)
Sometimes life brings you challenges that may wear you down and keep you standing still. You might be experiencing an array of emotions such as anxiety, fear, irrational thoughts, chronic pain, or low self-esteem that have become heavy and overwhelming. The negative emotions you are experiencing may be making your life difficult to maneuver. You may even be experiencing challenging life changes or transitions and need some support to help as you traverse the path. This is where the counseling process may help find the hope, strength, and the courage needed to motivate you to move in right direction and find harmony in your life.
Sometimes life brings you challenges that may wear you down and keep you standing still. You might be experiencing an array of emotions such as anxiety, fear, irrational thoughts, chronic pain, or low self-esteem that have become heavy and overwhelming. The negative emotions you are experiencing may be making your life difficult to maneuver. You may even be experiencing challenging life changes or transitions and need some support to help as you traverse the path. This is where the counseling process may help find the hope, strength, and the courage needed to motivate you to move in right direction and find harmony in your life.
(703) 691-5052 View (703) 691-5052
Photo of Ruth Pascoe, Licensed Professional Counselor in Gloucester, VA
Ruth Pascoe
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Woodbridge, VA 22192
Finding our way back to our whole self can be a difficult journey, one that asks us to connect with feelings not yet owned, wounds not yet processed, and longings not yet voiced. When our needs for comfort, validation, protection, and predictability are not met in our relationships, we can be vulnerable to feeling unworthy, unsafe, and that our needs are unimportant. The strategies we have for dealing with our unmet needs often show up in similar patterns for managing stress, distress, and disconnection. Some move towards others, hoping that if we fight loud, long, or hard enough, our pain and anger will eventually be acknowledged.
Finding our way back to our whole self can be a difficult journey, one that asks us to connect with feelings not yet owned, wounds not yet processed, and longings not yet voiced. When our needs for comfort, validation, protection, and predictability are not met in our relationships, we can be vulnerable to feeling unworthy, unsafe, and that our needs are unimportant. The strategies we have for dealing with our unmet needs often show up in similar patterns for managing stress, distress, and disconnection. Some move towards others, hoping that if we fight loud, long, or hard enough, our pain and anger will eventually be acknowledged.
(571) 946-6795 View (571) 946-6795
Photo of Alexandria Harz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Gloucester, VA
Alexandria Harz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Woodbridge, VA 22192
Connecting with yourself and others can be scary, especially if it has caused pain in the past.
If you are feeling disconnected, helpless, or stuck, I can assist you in changing the patterns and ways of relating which might be holding you back. By prioritizing your sense of safety, welcoming heavy emotions, and guiding you to meet/heal unknown parts of yourself or your partner, you can gain freedom from the patterns in which you feel trapped. I work with individuals and couples, supporting them to understand the ways they manage stress through retreating inward and shutting down, or turning outwards for connection and validation. From there, I help clients to better understand who they are and what they need.
Connecting with yourself and others can be scary, especially if it has caused pain in the past.
If you are feeling disconnected, helpless, or stuck, I can assist you in changing the patterns and ways of relating which might be holding you back. By prioritizing your sense of safety, welcoming heavy emotions, and guiding you to meet/heal unknown parts of yourself or your partner, you can gain freedom from the patterns in which you feel trapped. I work with individuals and couples, supporting them to understand the ways they manage stress through retreating inward and shutting down, or turning outwards for connection and validation. From there, I help clients to better understand who they are and what they need.
(571) 200-8459 View (571) 200-8459
Photo of Mindy B. Loiselle LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Gloucester, VA
Mindy B. Loiselle LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23220
Waitlist for new clients
Together we can honor your pain and difficulty, activate your strengths, and create a path to achieve your goals.
Do you want to experience greater freedom from anxiety, depression, or negative thoughts? Are you feeling frustrated, misunderstood, or unappreciated in your close relationships? Have you tried therapy before but did not get the results you were hoping for? With understanding and compassion for yourself, you can break free of negative thoughts, self-limiting beliefs, and harmful habits. You can learn communication methods to bring you closer to others, without sacrificing yourself. Together we will discover a deeper source of strength that is uniquely yours. I can help you tap this well to find joy, contentment, and harmonious relationships.
Together we can honor your pain and difficulty, activate your strengths, and create a path to achieve your goals.
Do you want to experience greater freedom from anxiety, depression, or negative thoughts? Are you feeling frustrated, misunderstood, or unappreciated in your close relationships? Have you tried therapy before but did not get the results you were hoping for? With understanding and compassion for yourself, you can break free of negative thoughts, self-limiting beliefs, and harmful habits. You can learn communication methods to bring you closer to others, without sacrificing yourself. Together we will discover a deeper source of strength that is uniquely yours. I can help you tap this well to find joy, contentment, and harmonious relationships.
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Photo of Sarah Douglas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Gloucester, VA
Sarah Douglas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
Sarah specializes in supporting individuals with chronic illness.
Living with a chronic illness can be isolating and undeniably difficult. There are physical, psychological, and social challenges that no person should have to endure alone. Tending to your mental health is an important step toward living a full and meaningful life despite the complexities of chronic conditions.
Sarah specializes in supporting individuals with chronic illness.
Living with a chronic illness can be isolating and undeniably difficult. There are physical, psychological, and social challenges that no person should have to endure alone. Tending to your mental health is an important step toward living a full and meaningful life despite the complexities of chronic conditions.
(703) 783-2148 View (703) 783-2148
Photo of Jenny Pfeiffer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Gloucester, VA
Jenny Pfeiffer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Certified Life Coach. My approach to therapy is to help clients identify, understand, and ultimately change the areas in their lives that have contributed to emotional and relationship pain. I deeply believe that to have the breakthrough we need in current relationships we must understand our history and how it profoundly colors and impacts us as adults. Once we learn to own our history, it no longer owns us.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Certified Life Coach. My approach to therapy is to help clients identify, understand, and ultimately change the areas in their lives that have contributed to emotional and relationship pain. I deeply believe that to have the breakthrough we need in current relationships we must understand our history and how it profoundly colors and impacts us as adults. Once we learn to own our history, it no longer owns us.
(757) 269-9833 View (757) 269-9833
Photo of Eva Chiriboga, Psychologist in Gloucester, VA
Eva Chiriboga
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22309  (Online Only)
I have specialized training in working with trauma, substance abuse, chronic pain and anxiety.
Now accepting new Aetna clients! Being a human can be really hard sometimes. Maybe it’s hard because there’s an area in our lives where we struggle, like in our careers or relationships. Perhaps, we’ve experienced some painful times that we haven’t fully healed from or find ourselves engaging in problematic behaviors. Whatever our struggles, I’ve found that psychotherapy can help reduce our suffering and help connect us to the joy of being alive.
I have specialized training in working with trauma, substance abuse, chronic pain and anxiety.
Now accepting new Aetna clients! Being a human can be really hard sometimes. Maybe it’s hard because there’s an area in our lives where we struggle, like in our careers or relationships. Perhaps, we’ve experienced some painful times that we haven’t fully healed from or find ourselves engaging in problematic behaviors. Whatever our struggles, I’ve found that psychotherapy can help reduce our suffering and help connect us to the joy of being alive.
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Photo of Transitions Counseling, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Gloucester, VA
Transitions Counseling, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LPC, LMFT, NBCC, NBCCH, PlayThe
Verified Verified
Williamsburg, VA 23185
I enjoy working with clients who are dealing with life changes and transitions. I like to show people different ways of thinking about their issues. I have a number of ways to help people to get in touch with their feelings and to change the way they respond to situations and handle conflict in relationships. I help them to find ways to compromise, use the energy that comes from strong feelings, and to slow down their reactivity before they do harm to others. I deal with grief, anger, pain, loss, depression, and anxiety. I provide a safe place for clients.
I enjoy working with clients who are dealing with life changes and transitions. I like to show people different ways of thinking about their issues. I have a number of ways to help people to get in touch with their feelings and to change the way they respond to situations and handle conflict in relationships. I help them to find ways to compromise, use the energy that comes from strong feelings, and to slow down their reactivity before they do harm to others. I deal with grief, anger, pain, loss, depression, and anxiety. I provide a safe place for clients.
(757) 372-4389 View (757) 372-4389
Photo of Alan Von Kleiss, Psychologist in Gloucester, VA
Alan Von Kleiss
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
North Chesterfield, VA 23235
No matter how strong we are in meeting the challenges of life sometimes what happens to us heaps upon us a mountain of stress and we can do little but feel the pain of all that weight. Our goal is to help those we serve be effective in resolving personal pain through the empowerment of their natural strengths. Step by measured step, we work to build durability, and self-respect through skill building to overcome the pains that make life less enjoyable. We want to help you to move that mountain of pain one stone a time- by skillful means.
No matter how strong we are in meeting the challenges of life sometimes what happens to us heaps upon us a mountain of stress and we can do little but feel the pain of all that weight. Our goal is to help those we serve be effective in resolving personal pain through the empowerment of their natural strengths. Step by measured step, we work to build durability, and self-respect through skill building to overcome the pains that make life less enjoyable. We want to help you to move that mountain of pain one stone a time- by skillful means.
(804) 292-2302 View (804) 292-2302
Photo of Toni Leo, Psychologist in Gloucester, VA
Toni Leo
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Are you ready for change, or maybe you feel lost? Feeling sad, worried, having relationship/work/life issues? Maybe you have a chronic health condition or pain, and are seeking ways to cope and feel better. Wouldn't it be amazing to have a supportive person who listens and works with you to enact change in your life?
Are you ready for change, or maybe you feel lost? Feeling sad, worried, having relationship/work/life issues? Maybe you have a chronic health condition or pain, and are seeking ways to cope and feel better. Wouldn't it be amazing to have a supportive person who listens and works with you to enact change in your life?
(520) 636-6569 View (520) 636-6569
Photo of Eduardo Cortina, Licensed Professional Counselor in Gloucester, VA
Eduardo Cortina
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, SEP
Verified Verified
Mechanicsville, VA 23111
Are you suffering from the effects of PTSD, anxiety, depression, sudden loss, and/or chronic pain? If so body-oriented psychotherapy may help facilitate your recovery. By working to address the root causes of nervous system imbalance, a body-psychotherapy approach can empower you with tools and skills to re-negotiate and resolve difficult and traumatic experiences. My approach in therapy is client-centered and my work is just to facilitate and provide the optimal conditions for healing to take place. I also hope to impart knowledge and skills for people to work with themselves effectively outside of therapy.
Are you suffering from the effects of PTSD, anxiety, depression, sudden loss, and/or chronic pain? If so body-oriented psychotherapy may help facilitate your recovery. By working to address the root causes of nervous system imbalance, a body-psychotherapy approach can empower you with tools and skills to re-negotiate and resolve difficult and traumatic experiences. My approach in therapy is client-centered and my work is just to facilitate and provide the optimal conditions for healing to take place. I also hope to impart knowledge and skills for people to work with themselves effectively outside of therapy.
(202) 933-6934 View (202) 933-6934
Photo of Marie P Norton, Resident in Counseling in Gloucester, VA
Marie P Norton
Resident in Counseling, MEd, LPC Res, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23221
You may identify with anxiety, trauma, depression, chronic pain, weight management, relationship , performance & athletic anxiety.
Stuck? Frustrated or overwhelmed? You want to do better at work or school. Maybe relationships are strained. You know you’d like something to change. Everyone else seems to have their life together. Come as you are to counseling. There is nothing you have to do, or be, in order to feel better. Together, we’ll discover what would be a rich and meaningful life for you, and how to get there. I work frequently with clients wanting to discover whole mind and body connection. During our initial consultation we'll discover if I'm the best fit for your needs, and if not, help you find the right one. Let's chat.
You may identify with anxiety, trauma, depression, chronic pain, weight management, relationship , performance & athletic anxiety.
Stuck? Frustrated or overwhelmed? You want to do better at work or school. Maybe relationships are strained. You know you’d like something to change. Everyone else seems to have their life together. Come as you are to counseling. There is nothing you have to do, or be, in order to feel better. Together, we’ll discover what would be a rich and meaningful life for you, and how to get there. I work frequently with clients wanting to discover whole mind and body connection. During our initial consultation we'll discover if I'm the best fit for your needs, and if not, help you find the right one. Let's chat.
(804) 259-0591 View (804) 259-0591
Photo of Patricia Grigoryev, Psychologist in Gloucester, VA
Patricia Grigoryev
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ashland, VA 23005
Specialty areas: Depression, Anxiety, PTSD, Pain Mgt.
I offer a broad range of psychological services to adults and adolescents of all ages. I have been a practicing, Licensed Clinical Psychologist since 1997. My approach to therapy and counseling is integrative, meaning I provide a blend of cutting edge, evidence-based therapies and interventions which are matched to the specific problems and the needs of the client. My approach is affirming and open and I am experienced working with people from diverse backgrounds of ethnicity, sexual orientation and religious persuasion. I am committed to helping clients find a true and lasting sense of wholeness and well-being.
Specialty areas: Depression, Anxiety, PTSD, Pain Mgt.
I offer a broad range of psychological services to adults and adolescents of all ages. I have been a practicing, Licensed Clinical Psychologist since 1997. My approach to therapy and counseling is integrative, meaning I provide a blend of cutting edge, evidence-based therapies and interventions which are matched to the specific problems and the needs of the client. My approach is affirming and open and I am experienced working with people from diverse backgrounds of ethnicity, sexual orientation and religious persuasion. I am committed to helping clients find a true and lasting sense of wholeness and well-being.
(804) 375-4762 View (804) 375-4762
Photo of Tina R Curran-Taylor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Gloucester, VA
Tina R Curran-Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ICADC, BC-TMH, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
With the advancement in therapeutic approaches including Emotional Freedom Techniques, Energy Psychology approaches and Internal Family Systems, we can compassionately address the pain you carry without rehashing it over and over again.
Hi there, I am Tina.. Do you struggle to have strong connections with loved ones, to progress in your life and career? Sometimes you might find that you are tired, struggling to motivate, feel keyed up, react defensively, or use alcohol to relax. Memories of past experiences may find their way into your mind only to distract and create distress. It’s likely you understand what is going on but feel overwhelmed about how to change it or worse, you have tried but haven’t been able to make significant or longstanding changes. This can leave you discouraged and the subject of your inner critic.
With the advancement in therapeutic approaches including Emotional Freedom Techniques, Energy Psychology approaches and Internal Family Systems, we can compassionately address the pain you carry without rehashing it over and over again.
Hi there, I am Tina.. Do you struggle to have strong connections with loved ones, to progress in your life and career? Sometimes you might find that you are tired, struggling to motivate, feel keyed up, react defensively, or use alcohol to relax. Memories of past experiences may find their way into your mind only to distract and create distress. It’s likely you understand what is going on but feel overwhelmed about how to change it or worse, you have tried but haven’t been able to make significant or longstanding changes. This can leave you discouraged and the subject of your inner critic.
(757) 663-4426 View (757) 663-4426
Photo of Amanda Cary, Psychologist in Gloucester, VA
Amanda Cary
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Norfolk, VA 23502  (Online Only)
You are welcome here. I am a licensed clinical health psychologist with focus on chronic/terminal illness and pain. I offer an encouraging and supportive environment as someone who is there with you through the thick of it. The psychotherapy that I deliver is driven by evidence-based practices and empirically supported interventions. My theoretical orientation is cognitive behavioral, coupled with motivational interviewing approaches, emotion-focused perspectives, strengths-based techniques, and acceptance and commitment (ACT) strategies.
You are welcome here. I am a licensed clinical health psychologist with focus on chronic/terminal illness and pain. I offer an encouraging and supportive environment as someone who is there with you through the thick of it. The psychotherapy that I deliver is driven by evidence-based practices and empirically supported interventions. My theoretical orientation is cognitive behavioral, coupled with motivational interviewing approaches, emotion-focused perspectives, strengths-based techniques, and acceptance and commitment (ACT) strategies.
(757) 767-4949 View (757) 767-4949
Photo of Juliet Castle Cameron, Psychologist in Gloucester, VA
Juliet Castle Cameron
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP, CATP
Verified Verified
Glen Allen, VA 23060
I have a dynamic yet relaxed style of therapy that is emotion and interpersonally-based. Through our shared therapeutic relationship, my aim is to foster a safe, compassionate, non-judgmental space in which we'll explore your concerns. I approach therapy as a collaborative and creative process. We'll work together toward a deeper understanding of yourself and your life experiences through reflection on your thoughts, feelings, behaviors, personal strengths, and challenges. My down-to-earth style is ideal for anxiety, depression, chronic pain, self & sexual identity development, and healing traumatic and distressing life experiences.
I have a dynamic yet relaxed style of therapy that is emotion and interpersonally-based. Through our shared therapeutic relationship, my aim is to foster a safe, compassionate, non-judgmental space in which we'll explore your concerns. I approach therapy as a collaborative and creative process. We'll work together toward a deeper understanding of yourself and your life experiences through reflection on your thoughts, feelings, behaviors, personal strengths, and challenges. My down-to-earth style is ideal for anxiety, depression, chronic pain, self & sexual identity development, and healing traumatic and distressing life experiences.
(804) 925-2194 View (804) 925-2194
Photo of Dougan and Walden Wellness, PLLC, Psychologist in Gloucester, VA
Dougan and Walden Wellness, PLLC
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23113
Are you feeling stressed, depressed, or in pain? We all have our own challenges to overcome. I am passionate about helping each individual who walks into my office. I work with individuals and couples with mood, anxiety, or trauma symptoms. I believe a collaborative approach provides a safe space, which allows you to express thoughts and feelings , allows us to work on goals, and provides the opportunity to explore deeper aspects of life. We will approach your path to change with an empathetic, positive approach. We will work together to develop an approach to address your goals.
Are you feeling stressed, depressed, or in pain? We all have our own challenges to overcome. I am passionate about helping each individual who walks into my office. I work with individuals and couples with mood, anxiety, or trauma symptoms. I believe a collaborative approach provides a safe space, which allows you to express thoughts and feelings , allows us to work on goals, and provides the opportunity to explore deeper aspects of life. We will approach your path to change with an empathetic, positive approach. We will work together to develop an approach to address your goals.
(804) 409-3664 View (804) 409-3664
Chronic Pain Therapists

How does chronic pain therapy work?

Engaging with a psychotherapist to help treat chronic pain does not mean that one’s pain is all in their head. Therapy for chronic-pain patients has been shown to benefit both the mind and the body, targeting physical symptoms and increasing daily functioning. In other words, for many, addressing their emotional health through therapy affects their physical health. A therapist can help a client challenge unhelpful thoughts about pain and develop new ways to respond to it, such as distraction or calming breathing techniques. Studies have found that therapy can be as effective as surgery for certain cases of chronic pain and many doctors recommend trying psychotherapy in advance of considering invasive surgery.

What are the most effective treatment options for chronic pain?

Stress, anxiety, depression, catastrophizing, ruminating, lack of activity, and social withdrawal all make chronic pain worse. Addressing these issues, research shows, can help people gain control over their pain symptoms. Therapeutic approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy, biofeedback, and mindfulness-based stress reduction, along with greater pain-management education, have been found to help people reduce fear and disability.

Are there new treatments for chronic pain?

Many cases of chronic pain, particularly those involving back pain, remain medically unexplained. But there is evidence that changes in the brain or nervous system are caused by previous physical ailments such as tissue damage; in such cases, the brain may continue to send out pain signals despite the physical cause having healed. To aid patients under these circumstances, a recently developed treatment known as pain reprocessing therapy (PRT) is designed to help the brain “unlearn” this response. A PRT practitioner helps individuals to reduce the “threat value” of their ongoing pain signals until they can reappraise them as less threatening and fear-inducing. They also help an individual to develop new emotional regulation skills.

How long does therapy for chronic pain take?

There is no set timeline for recovery from chronic pain, especially as there may be a range of physical and psychological causes for any individual’s discomfort, but most patients should expect to see a therapist for a number of weeks or months, typically spanning at least 12 sessions. Studies of pain reprocessing therapy found that many individuals’ experience of pain lessened in eight sessions over four weeks.