Therapists in Grapevine, TX

Photo of Shawn Boggs Counseling, PLLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grapevine, TX
Shawn Boggs Counseling, PLLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051
I have over 29 years experience with a special focus on marital and relationship distress, infidelity, and pornography addiction. I also offer premarital counseling (Prepare/Enrich) and treat anxiety, depression, anger, grief and loss, and family therapy. I am an objective professional with a caring heart who brings a fresh perspective and hope in your time of need. Christian counseling is provided for those who are interested. I am an Out of Network provider for all insurance companies and will provide you a receipt to make filing for reimbursement simple.
I have over 29 years experience with a special focus on marital and relationship distress, infidelity, and pornography addiction. I also offer premarital counseling (Prepare/Enrich) and treat anxiety, depression, anger, grief and loss, and family therapy. I am an objective professional with a caring heart who brings a fresh perspective and hope in your time of need. Christian counseling is provided for those who are interested. I am an Out of Network provider for all insurance companies and will provide you a receipt to make filing for reimbursement simple.
(972) 360-9367 View (972) 360-9367
Photo of Parag Sanghvi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grapevine, TX
Parag Sanghvi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051  (Online Only)
You were not put here on this earth to suffer. You deserve to live your life with happiness and peace of mind. Mental illness and addiction can rob anyone of these precious gifts. When you turn to family and friends for support, often they don't know what to say or how to help. You can end up feeling very alone in the world. No one wants to develop mental illness or addictions. You didn't do anything wrong. Feeling emotionally numb, mentally overwhelmed, or having thoughts like "I just don't want to be on this earth anymore" are not things that people willingly choose for themselves. They are illnesses.
You were not put here on this earth to suffer. You deserve to live your life with happiness and peace of mind. Mental illness and addiction can rob anyone of these precious gifts. When you turn to family and friends for support, often they don't know what to say or how to help. You can end up feeling very alone in the world. No one wants to develop mental illness or addictions. You didn't do anything wrong. Feeling emotionally numb, mentally overwhelmed, or having thoughts like "I just don't want to be on this earth anymore" are not things that people willingly choose for themselves. They are illnesses.
(682) 327-0893 View (682) 327-0893
Photo of Shannon Shiels, Licensed Professional Counselor in Grapevine, TX
Shannon Shiels
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LMFT-S, LPC-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
Not accepting new clients
It is common for us to get to a place in our lives where we feel stuck or unhappy. We may feel as if we are just going through the motions and find it difficult to see a brighter future. Many of times these feelings can have a negative impact on our overall health and close relationships. Fortunately, there is hope and we do not have to struggle with feeling stuck or unhappy alone.
It is common for us to get to a place in our lives where we feel stuck or unhappy. We may feel as if we are just going through the motions and find it difficult to see a brighter future. Many of times these feelings can have a negative impact on our overall health and close relationships. Fortunately, there is hope and we do not have to struggle with feeling stuck or unhappy alone.
(682) 217-1827 View (682) 217-1827
Photo of Charity Kelly, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Grapevine, TX
Charity Kelly
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MFT-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
In my practice, I specialize in working with women who may struggle with self-esteem, self-worth, and finding their voice. Women need someone they can trust and support them to gain confidence in who they are. I work with couples navigating the challenges of pre-marital preparation or seeking guidance to strengthen their existing partnership. Family life is hard whether that's parenting, blending families, communicating, or connecting. It can be challenging to work on those things alone. We can only do so much alone and I'm here to help you find the change you need.
In my practice, I specialize in working with women who may struggle with self-esteem, self-worth, and finding their voice. Women need someone they can trust and support them to gain confidence in who they are. I work with couples navigating the challenges of pre-marital preparation or seeking guidance to strengthen their existing partnership. Family life is hard whether that's parenting, blending families, communicating, or connecting. It can be challenging to work on those things alone. We can only do so much alone and I'm here to help you find the change you need.
(682) 382-9292 View (682) 382-9292
Photo of M. Joseph Koos, Licensed Professional Counselor in Grapevine, TX
M. Joseph Koos
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, Gottman
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051
Having problems with your Valentine? I can help. Do you struggle with alcohol, gambling or other compulsive behaviors? Are you facing difficult challenges with your spouse? If either of these areas in your life are posing problems that are hard for you to surmount, we can address your issues together. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I help my clients facilitate personal growth by using proven therapy techniques for individuals and couples. Together, we can discover empowering alternatives and solutions for problems by gaining awareness into their origins.
Having problems with your Valentine? I can help. Do you struggle with alcohol, gambling or other compulsive behaviors? Are you facing difficult challenges with your spouse? If either of these areas in your life are posing problems that are hard for you to surmount, we can address your issues together. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I help my clients facilitate personal growth by using proven therapy techniques for individuals and couples. Together, we can discover empowering alternatives and solutions for problems by gaining awareness into their origins.
(817) 717-4516 View (817) 717-4516
Photo of Nicole Van Ness, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grapevine, TX
Nicole Van Ness
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051  (Online Only)
My passion and specialty is working with people to build the relationships they want. Whether you struggle with low or unmatched sexual desire, problems with orgasm or ejaculation, history of trauma or abuse, anxiety or depression, relationship or intimacy issues, or some combination of these, I can help. I work from the Developmental Model of couples therapy. By incorporating a down-to-earth attitude, research on neuroscience and successful relationships, and practical tips and strategies, I will help you to identify the patterns that are helping and hurting your relationship and your sex life.
My passion and specialty is working with people to build the relationships they want. Whether you struggle with low or unmatched sexual desire, problems with orgasm or ejaculation, history of trauma or abuse, anxiety or depression, relationship or intimacy issues, or some combination of these, I can help. I work from the Developmental Model of couples therapy. By incorporating a down-to-earth attitude, research on neuroscience and successful relationships, and practical tips and strategies, I will help you to identify the patterns that are helping and hurting your relationship and your sex life.
(214) 239-0509 View (214) 239-0509
Photo of Leslie Casiano, Licensed Professional Counselor in Grapevine, TX
Leslie Casiano
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051  (Online Only)
I am Leslie N. Casiano, a personable, bilingual Spanish speaking Clinician who believes Counseling is for everyone in search of overcoming life obstacles. I believe healing and progress can be obtained through a collaborative approach to therapy. I have experience working alongside a wide age range of clients including adults, adolescents, children, and couples. My goal is to offer all clients a therapeutic, non-judgmental space where individuals and couples feel safe to face their struggles and challenges. The journey to a new chapter starts by scheduling an appointment with our office today.
I am Leslie N. Casiano, a personable, bilingual Spanish speaking Clinician who believes Counseling is for everyone in search of overcoming life obstacles. I believe healing and progress can be obtained through a collaborative approach to therapy. I have experience working alongside a wide age range of clients including adults, adolescents, children, and couples. My goal is to offer all clients a therapeutic, non-judgmental space where individuals and couples feel safe to face their struggles and challenges. The journey to a new chapter starts by scheduling an appointment with our office today.
(682) 936-3013 View (682) 936-3013
Photo of Jess Wilson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grapevine, TX
Jess Wilson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
Throughout her career, Jess has worked with children, individuals, couples, and families who are experiencing a wide range of symptoms. Trained in family systems, she is honored to help relationships bridge communication gaps and find the underlying meaning beneath interactions with one another leading to more valued connections in their relationships. Each individual and family is unique, and she does her best to help each client discover the solution that works best for them.
Throughout her career, Jess has worked with children, individuals, couples, and families who are experiencing a wide range of symptoms. Trained in family systems, she is honored to help relationships bridge communication gaps and find the underlying meaning beneath interactions with one another leading to more valued connections in their relationships. Each individual and family is unique, and she does her best to help each client discover the solution that works best for them.
(817) 646-0075 View (817) 646-0075
Photo of Meghan Sheridan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grapevine, TX
Meghan Sheridan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
Losing your faith can be terrifying. It's often a painful process that takes place over many years, and can feel like the bottom continuing to fall out from under you over and over (as the various cornerstones that once held up your belief system come crashing down). It's usually an isolating experience, where you feel misunderstood by even those closest to you. You long for validation, but struggle to find anyone that feels safe to open up to about your doubts and fears. On top of this, you're plagued by the constant guilt and self-hatred you've been conditioned to feel towards yourself for everything, including your thoughts.
Losing your faith can be terrifying. It's often a painful process that takes place over many years, and can feel like the bottom continuing to fall out from under you over and over (as the various cornerstones that once held up your belief system come crashing down). It's usually an isolating experience, where you feel misunderstood by even those closest to you. You long for validation, but struggle to find anyone that feels safe to open up to about your doubts and fears. On top of this, you're plagued by the constant guilt and self-hatred you've been conditioned to feel towards yourself for everything, including your thoughts.
(214) 856-7916 View (214) 856-7916
Photo of Katrina Will Colwick, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grapevine, TX
Katrina Will Colwick
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
Our lives are filled with both joy and sadness, comforts and fears, strengths and weaknesses. At times we may feel that the negativity in our lives is more than we can handle. Those are times when seeking out counseling can provide a great benefit. It is my great pleasure to work with many people to help them achieve their goals, find comfort and peace, and live well adjusted, fulfilling lives. I am blessed to have provided services to those needing help with: childhood disorders, grief, abuse, marriage and family conflict, bullying, stress management, parenting, faith crises, premarital and many more.
Our lives are filled with both joy and sadness, comforts and fears, strengths and weaknesses. At times we may feel that the negativity in our lives is more than we can handle. Those are times when seeking out counseling can provide a great benefit. It is my great pleasure to work with many people to help them achieve their goals, find comfort and peace, and live well adjusted, fulfilling lives. I am blessed to have provided services to those needing help with: childhood disorders, grief, abuse, marriage and family conflict, bullying, stress management, parenting, faith crises, premarital and many more.
(817) 756-9684 View (817) 756-9684
Photo of Kathy Haecker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Grapevine, TX
Kathy Haecker
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
Are you hurting? Confused? Afraid? Need someone to talk to who can help you process what you are experiencing? As a woman who has been married for 49 years, had 5 teenagers at once, juggled home and family, worked as an advocate and teacher, I am willing to listen well. I believe we can work together and find solutions to your life's problems and pain.
Are you hurting? Confused? Afraid? Need someone to talk to who can help you process what you are experiencing? As a woman who has been married for 49 years, had 5 teenagers at once, juggled home and family, worked as an advocate and teacher, I am willing to listen well. I believe we can work together and find solutions to your life's problems and pain.
(817) 591-1774 View (817) 591-1774
Photo of Carrie Coplen, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Grapevine, TX
Carrie Coplen
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS, NCC, LPC-A, CBT-I
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
Carrie understands the difficulties that can come with significant life changes and recognizes the importance of having positive mental health support during these life transitions.
Carrie understands the difficulties that can come with significant life changes and recognizes the importance of having positive mental health support during these life transitions.
(817) 600-4210 View (817) 600-4210
Photo of Jack (John) Verdi, Psychologist in Grapevine, TX
Jack (John) Verdi
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051
I am a licensed psychologist and have been in private practice over 30 years and am currently in Grapevine, Texas. My approach in therapy is to first understand each individual's unique concern. I then try to help the individual identify what options they have in changing the behavior to have more successful outcomes. I have been described by my clients as easy to talk to, with a good sense of humor.
I am a licensed psychologist and have been in private practice over 30 years and am currently in Grapevine, Texas. My approach in therapy is to first understand each individual's unique concern. I then try to help the individual identify what options they have in changing the behavior to have more successful outcomes. I have been described by my clients as easy to talk to, with a good sense of humor.
(972) 316-9289 View (972) 316-9289
Photo of Elizabeth Gaitan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grapevine, TX
Elizabeth Gaitan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051
Are you a worrier? Need help organizing yourself? Need to get out of an unhealthy relationship? Parenting help? Dealing with ADHD symptoms? Depression? Past trauma? I would love to help you. These are the issues I find myself excelling in. I have been through all these myself and can relate to how you feel. I can help you identify your goals, work with you to make sure you meet them, and educate you on how to do this on your own going forward. I believe in therapy and that people can change; and I encourage my clients to take what they have learned in therapy and continue to grow and find themselves.
Are you a worrier? Need help organizing yourself? Need to get out of an unhealthy relationship? Parenting help? Dealing with ADHD symptoms? Depression? Past trauma? I would love to help you. These are the issues I find myself excelling in. I have been through all these myself and can relate to how you feel. I can help you identify your goals, work with you to make sure you meet them, and educate you on how to do this on your own going forward. I believe in therapy and that people can change; and I encourage my clients to take what they have learned in therapy and continue to grow and find themselves.
(682) 683-9751 View (682) 683-9751
Photo of Zaira Miller, Licensed Professional Counselor in Grapevine, TX
Zaira Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051
I am a bilingual counselor who specializes on helping clients who suffer from anxiety, depression, relationship problems, and/or history of trauma. Do you have communication problems in your relationship? Do you wonder if there is anything you can do (or if you should even try) to save your relationship? Do you struggle with anxiety? Is your excessive worrying getting in the way of enjoying your life? Do have trouble engaging in activities you used to enjoy? Are you isolating, leaving you feeling lonely, or sad? Did you have a difficult childhood or experienced a traumatic event and it's affecting your current life or relationships?
I am a bilingual counselor who specializes on helping clients who suffer from anxiety, depression, relationship problems, and/or history of trauma. Do you have communication problems in your relationship? Do you wonder if there is anything you can do (or if you should even try) to save your relationship? Do you struggle with anxiety? Is your excessive worrying getting in the way of enjoying your life? Do have trouble engaging in activities you used to enjoy? Are you isolating, leaving you feeling lonely, or sad? Did you have a difficult childhood or experienced a traumatic event and it's affecting your current life or relationships?
(817) 670-9724 View (817) 670-9724
Photo of Melissa Robilliard, Licensed Professional Counselor in Grapevine, TX
Melissa Robilliard
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051
Whether it’s stress, feelings of depression or anxiety, grief, trauma, family demands, or trying to find a sense of purpose in uncertain times, counseling is a way to center yourself while learning ways to cope and honor the whole you. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 14 years experience working with individuals struggling with mental health and substance use issues. I respect each of my clients as the unique person they are while working with them to achieve their goals toward becoming a more holistic person.
Whether it’s stress, feelings of depression or anxiety, grief, trauma, family demands, or trying to find a sense of purpose in uncertain times, counseling is a way to center yourself while learning ways to cope and honor the whole you. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 14 years experience working with individuals struggling with mental health and substance use issues. I respect each of my clients as the unique person they are while working with them to achieve their goals toward becoming a more holistic person.
(817) 242-6732 View (817) 242-6732
Photo of Jennifer A Waida, Licensed Professional Counselor in Grapevine, TX
Jennifer A Waida
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051  (Online Only)
My services are available to individuals, couples, families, children, and teens. My goal in therapy is to empower you by working through any mental health barriers, that may be hindering your ability to live a healthy and balanced life. Through a collaborative approach; therapy can help you reestablish healthier perceptions, create positive coping skills, and provide an awareness that will help empower you and your relationships. I work with co-occurring disorders; My work involves trauma-focused therapy, managing anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and relapse prevention. I have a warm spot for kiddos and teens!
My services are available to individuals, couples, families, children, and teens. My goal in therapy is to empower you by working through any mental health barriers, that may be hindering your ability to live a healthy and balanced life. Through a collaborative approach; therapy can help you reestablish healthier perceptions, create positive coping skills, and provide an awareness that will help empower you and your relationships. I work with co-occurring disorders; My work involves trauma-focused therapy, managing anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and relapse prevention. I have a warm spot for kiddos and teens!
(469) 778-3699 View (469) 778-3699
Photo of Karen Limme, Licensed Professional Counselor in Grapevine, TX
Karen Limme
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051
Karen Limme LPC is an LBGTQ+ affirming therapist at Full Hearts Counseling and Headway who is committed to helping adolescents and adults who find themselves stuck in life. Whether it is induced by anxiety, trauma, stress, or new life changes, Karen is excited to help you to find your next life adventure. This may be through resolving grief or mood issues, trauma therapy, or self-exploration. Karen will create a safe place to explore emotions. If you or someone you love could benefit, reach out for a consultation.
Karen Limme LPC is an LBGTQ+ affirming therapist at Full Hearts Counseling and Headway who is committed to helping adolescents and adults who find themselves stuck in life. Whether it is induced by anxiety, trauma, stress, or new life changes, Karen is excited to help you to find your next life adventure. This may be through resolving grief or mood issues, trauma therapy, or self-exploration. Karen will create a safe place to explore emotions. If you or someone you love could benefit, reach out for a consultation.
(817) 835-8483 View (817) 835-8483
Photo of Annie Dries, Psychologist in Grapevine, TX
Annie Dries
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051
Do you feel like you have all the pieces you need to be happy but things are just not coming together? Whether you are experiencing a difficult life transition, relationship troubles, dealing with resurfacing past trauma, anxiety, loss, parenting challenges or navigating a turning point in your life, I can help you to make sense of things and create meaningful change. I will take the time to understand who you are as a person and we will develop a plan together. I incorporate the use of Accelerated Resolution Therapy to help my clients overcome trauma, phobias, anxiety and decrease other difficult symptoms to live better lives.
Do you feel like you have all the pieces you need to be happy but things are just not coming together? Whether you are experiencing a difficult life transition, relationship troubles, dealing with resurfacing past trauma, anxiety, loss, parenting challenges or navigating a turning point in your life, I can help you to make sense of things and create meaningful change. I will take the time to understand who you are as a person and we will develop a plan together. I incorporate the use of Accelerated Resolution Therapy to help my clients overcome trauma, phobias, anxiety and decrease other difficult symptoms to live better lives.
(469) 436-6072 View (469) 436-6072
Photo of Keara Osborn, Licensed Professional Counselor in Grapevine, TX
Keara Osborn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051
My counseling philosophy is grounded in the belief that every individual possesses the strength and resilience needed to overcome obstacles and create positive change. Through collaboration and empathy, I partner with clients to identify their unique strengths and develop strategies to address concerns such as anxiety, depression, relationship issues, life transitions, and more. I work with clients of all ages, children through adulthood. I have experience working with children through life-transitions and daily struggles as well as adults and families overcoming obstacles and life stressors.
My counseling philosophy is grounded in the belief that every individual possesses the strength and resilience needed to overcome obstacles and create positive change. Through collaboration and empathy, I partner with clients to identify their unique strengths and develop strategies to address concerns such as anxiety, depression, relationship issues, life transitions, and more. I work with clients of all ages, children through adulthood. I have experience working with children through life-transitions and daily struggles as well as adults and families overcoming obstacles and life stressors.
(817) 663-2657 View (817) 663-2657

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Grapevine, TX

200+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Grapevine, TX who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
91% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
78% Trauma and PTSD
77% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills
69% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
74% Cigna and Evernorth
71% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Grapevine, TX see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
13% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Grapevine?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.