Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Sarah Waxman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Sarah Waxman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147
Identifying a need for support and reaching out for help can feel vulnerable. In my practice, I foster a safe and nurturing environment to support your journey of self-exploration and healing. I see myself as a partner in your process. My style is warm and compassionate and I employ an integrative, collaborative and creative approach to therapy. I carefully attend to how our social location in the world and intersecting identities influence individual experience. We will begin by building an authentic relationship and co-creating a direction that fits your individual, therapeutic needs.
Identifying a need for support and reaching out for help can feel vulnerable. In my practice, I foster a safe and nurturing environment to support your journey of self-exploration and healing. I see myself as a partner in your process. My style is warm and compassionate and I employ an integrative, collaborative and creative approach to therapy. I carefully attend to how our social location in the world and intersecting identities influence individual experience. We will begin by building an authentic relationship and co-creating a direction that fits your individual, therapeutic needs.
(267) 214-8913 View (267) 214-8913
Photo of Melanie Swencki, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Melanie Swencki
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Melanie! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 25 years of experience as a clinician in a variety of settings.
Hi, I'm Melanie! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 25 years of experience as a clinician in a variety of settings.
(484) 715-0786 View (484) 715-0786
Photo of Conor Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Conor Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Conor is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with 3 years experience working in the mental health field including experience with young adults as well as children and adolescents. He specializes in working with people struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, grief, interpersonal challenges, existential/spiritual concerns, and major life transitions.
Conor is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with 3 years experience working in the mental health field including experience with young adults as well as children and adolescents. He specializes in working with people struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, grief, interpersonal challenges, existential/spiritual concerns, and major life transitions.
(267) 459-2931 View (267) 459-2931
Photo of Fran Hahn, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Fran Hahn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19106
If you are hurting and want to feel better - whether the pain takes the form of sadness, anxiety, depression, family or relationship issues, trauma, adjustment to new situations or environments - or just about anything else - I can help you. In my 15 years of experience in the field, I use various different treatment modalities catered to your individual needs, with a focus on psychoanalytic psychotherapy.
If you are hurting and want to feel better - whether the pain takes the form of sadness, anxiety, depression, family or relationship issues, trauma, adjustment to new situations or environments - or just about anything else - I can help you. In my 15 years of experience in the field, I use various different treatment modalities catered to your individual needs, with a focus on psychoanalytic psychotherapy.
(267) 692-8195 View (267) 692-8195
Photo of Rachel Collier, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Rachel Collier
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Dr. Rachel Collier is a Psychologist in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2023. Dr. Collier primarily works from a client-centered and psychodynamic framework and incorporates techniques from many theories to find what is best for her client. Dr. Collier enjoys helping people embrace who they are and find the highest quality of life. Outside of work, Dr. Collier embraces nature, enjoys hiking, gardening, reading outside, swimming, and taking her perfect angel dog for walks. She also loves baking. Another passion is football. Ask who is the reigning fantasy football champ (it's her).
Dr. Rachel Collier is a Psychologist in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2023. Dr. Collier primarily works from a client-centered and psychodynamic framework and incorporates techniques from many theories to find what is best for her client. Dr. Collier enjoys helping people embrace who they are and find the highest quality of life. Outside of work, Dr. Collier embraces nature, enjoys hiking, gardening, reading outside, swimming, and taking her perfect angel dog for walks. She also loves baking. Another passion is football. Ask who is the reigning fantasy football champ (it's her).
(484) 626-5277 View (484) 626-5277
Photo of Leah Booze, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Leah Booze
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19119  (Online Only)
Therapy can be an important step in seeking a more meaningful life. Transitions can stir up a range of feelings and unforeseen challenges. I am here to help. You may be in the throes of sleep deprivation, struggle with irritability/outbursts, feel diminished connection or motivation, experience isolation. There may be communication challenges with supports and/or self may also feel stuck and you are looking for a way to cultivate new, hopeful pathways around these issues. In therapy together, we can build an understanding upon personal strengths, develop self-compassion and curiosity around unhelpful belief systems and narratives.
Therapy can be an important step in seeking a more meaningful life. Transitions can stir up a range of feelings and unforeseen challenges. I am here to help. You may be in the throes of sleep deprivation, struggle with irritability/outbursts, feel diminished connection or motivation, experience isolation. There may be communication challenges with supports and/or self may also feel stuck and you are looking for a way to cultivate new, hopeful pathways around these issues. In therapy together, we can build an understanding upon personal strengths, develop self-compassion and curiosity around unhelpful belief systems and narratives.
(267) 214-2259 View (267) 214-2259
Photo of Ben Goldstein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Ben Goldstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19143  (Online Only)
Therapy is a place to get curious about areas in your life where you might feel stuck, depressed, or isolated. In our work together, I strive to create a space that builds capacity for you to change by exploring your relationships, both past and present. I hope to support you in arriving at a deeper sense of connection to the world around you and the people in it.
Therapy is a place to get curious about areas in your life where you might feel stuck, depressed, or isolated. In our work together, I strive to create a space that builds capacity for you to change by exploring your relationships, both past and present. I hope to support you in arriving at a deeper sense of connection to the world around you and the people in it.
(267) 263-7336 View (267) 263-7336
Photo of Viviana Rivera-Vargas, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Viviana Rivera-Vargas
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I find that the ability to connect with a client, listen, and offer emotional support at challenging moments in their lives is what I value most about being a therapist. There is immense gratitude for being able to witness the transformation of someone who is progressing to live a life filled with purpose and meanings. I specialize in working with folks with traumas, depression, anxiety, and grief. I also work with clients struggling with relationships issues, OCD, ADHD, immigration issues, and addictions. I also practice psychotherapy in both English and Spanish, and I work with individuals, couples, and families.
I find that the ability to connect with a client, listen, and offer emotional support at challenging moments in their lives is what I value most about being a therapist. There is immense gratitude for being able to witness the transformation of someone who is progressing to live a life filled with purpose and meanings. I specialize in working with folks with traumas, depression, anxiety, and grief. I also work with clients struggling with relationships issues, OCD, ADHD, immigration issues, and addictions. I also practice psychotherapy in both English and Spanish, and I work with individuals, couples, and families.
(484) 989-9851 View (484) 989-9851
Photo of Matthew Whitehead, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Matthew Whitehead
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
As a psychoanalyst, I believe most of our fundamental struggles relate to patterns in our relationships and societal pressures we can't easily see or understand. I collaborate with my clients to help them use their curiosity, talents, and strengths to resolve confusion and achieve understanding and relief. My style is non-judging and genuine so clients feel comfortable talking about parts of their lives that are stressful, frustrating, and even painful. In therapy, I help clients achieve a better sense of meaning in their lives and satisfaction in their relationships, so that anxiety, depression, shame and guilt ease away.
As a psychoanalyst, I believe most of our fundamental struggles relate to patterns in our relationships and societal pressures we can't easily see or understand. I collaborate with my clients to help them use their curiosity, talents, and strengths to resolve confusion and achieve understanding and relief. My style is non-judging and genuine so clients feel comfortable talking about parts of their lives that are stressful, frustrating, and even painful. In therapy, I help clients achieve a better sense of meaning in their lives and satisfaction in their relationships, so that anxiety, depression, shame and guilt ease away.
(484) 546-4359 View (484) 546-4359
Photo of Kara Bacchia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Kara Bacchia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19130  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling to manage anxiety, stress or depression? Do you feel like it's hard to maintain relationships whether they're romantic, friendships or with family members? Please reach out for help! I work with clients who are feeling overwhelmed in these areas of their lives. Clients often present to me looking to learn how to set boundaries, move on from unhealthy partners and find more meaningful relationships. We'll work together in sessions to process emotions and experiences. We'll bring awareness to unhealthy patterns and help you move towards living a life more aligned with your goals.
Are you struggling to manage anxiety, stress or depression? Do you feel like it's hard to maintain relationships whether they're romantic, friendships or with family members? Please reach out for help! I work with clients who are feeling overwhelmed in these areas of their lives. Clients often present to me looking to learn how to set boundaries, move on from unhealthy partners and find more meaningful relationships. We'll work together in sessions to process emotions and experiences. We'll bring awareness to unhealthy patterns and help you move towards living a life more aligned with your goals.
(215) 607-6996 View (215) 607-6996
Photo of Shoshana Trager, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Shoshana Trager
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Sometimes we come to therapy because we are experiencing something specific and other times something just feels off. Any time is a good time (I know I have to say that, but I really believe it). I also believe that our experiences occur within the impact of systems (relationships, work, family, communities, school, society etc.). The more we uncover our understanding of how these systems interact, the better we understand our world and ourselves. This helps us disrupt patterns and deepen groundedness and joy. Clients tell me that our work together helps them see themselves more fully and therefore see others more fully.
Sometimes we come to therapy because we are experiencing something specific and other times something just feels off. Any time is a good time (I know I have to say that, but I really believe it). I also believe that our experiences occur within the impact of systems (relationships, work, family, communities, school, society etc.). The more we uncover our understanding of how these systems interact, the better we understand our world and ourselves. This helps us disrupt patterns and deepen groundedness and joy. Clients tell me that our work together helps them see themselves more fully and therefore see others more fully.
(484) 989-6954 x704 View (484) 989-6954 x704
Photo of Kathryn Hilton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Kathryn Hilton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19119
Sometimes we need support to navigate the ups and downs of life. If you feel overwhelmed or lost, I’m here to help you explore your unique concerns and find your way forward. I help clients with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, gender dysphoria, and borderline personality disorder.
Sometimes we need support to navigate the ups and downs of life. If you feel overwhelmed or lost, I’m here to help you explore your unique concerns and find your way forward. I help clients with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, gender dysphoria, and borderline personality disorder.
(215) 709-6284 View (215) 709-6284
Photo of Sara Lewis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Sara Lewis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Therapy offers an opportunity for cultivating safety, security, and steadiness within ourselves and in our relationships. Through a warm and patient presence, gentle curiosity, and deep compassion, I hope to offer you a sturdy container within which you can practice vulnerability and explore a full range of feelings. I hold an awareness that our pain, grief, anger, joy, and pleasure live in our bodies, and I believe paying attention to what happens in our bodies can increase our insight and agency. Integrating somatic and mindfulness practices into our work together supports this connection between body and mind.
Therapy offers an opportunity for cultivating safety, security, and steadiness within ourselves and in our relationships. Through a warm and patient presence, gentle curiosity, and deep compassion, I hope to offer you a sturdy container within which you can practice vulnerability and explore a full range of feelings. I hold an awareness that our pain, grief, anger, joy, and pleasure live in our bodies, and I believe paying attention to what happens in our bodies can increase our insight and agency. Integrating somatic and mindfulness practices into our work together supports this connection between body and mind.
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Photo of Donovan Richardson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Donovan Richardson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19128
As a health services professional, I use a trauma-informed and culturally aware approach to assessment, treatment planning, and interventions. My background providing behavioral health services in schools, psychiatric hospitals, residential treatment centers, psychological services clinics, and outpatient mental health centers allows me to connect to clients with a variety of mental health needs. My goal is to provide quality behavioral health care to those who are in needs to redefine and change their lives.
As a health services professional, I use a trauma-informed and culturally aware approach to assessment, treatment planning, and interventions. My background providing behavioral health services in schools, psychiatric hospitals, residential treatment centers, psychological services clinics, and outpatient mental health centers allows me to connect to clients with a variety of mental health needs. My goal is to provide quality behavioral health care to those who are in needs to redefine and change their lives.
(215) 608-3459 View (215) 608-3459
Photo of Monroe Clinical Counseling Services, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Monroe Clinical Counseling Services, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19123  (Online Only)
For many women who are considering therapy, it's not easy taking the first step. You may have felt the weight of carrying your issues on your own for so long and have no idea where to begin. You may have sought therapy previously and felt your issues were being minimized, your "voice" was not being heard by your provider, or you were unable to maintain a sense of authenticity due to significant cultural barriers. If you can identify with either of these scenarios, I created Monroe Clinical Counseling for women like you. In this space, your truth, your voice, and your authenticity are valued. You are priority.
For many women who are considering therapy, it's not easy taking the first step. You may have felt the weight of carrying your issues on your own for so long and have no idea where to begin. You may have sought therapy previously and felt your issues were being minimized, your "voice" was not being heard by your provider, or you were unable to maintain a sense of authenticity due to significant cultural barriers. If you can identify with either of these scenarios, I created Monroe Clinical Counseling for women like you. In this space, your truth, your voice, and your authenticity are valued. You are priority.
(484) 604-2271 View (484) 604-2271
Photo of Marram Emily Jane Plapp, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Marram Emily Jane Plapp
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, Reiki, Shaman
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Being human isn't easy. If you are seeking therapy you are likely struggling, hurting, and finding life challenging in some way. Maybe you feel stuck, lost, broken, different from others, not like yourself, or like you are not fulfilling your potential. Whatever is weighing on your heart and mind, let's talk about it. I'm here for you. I am an open, non-judgmental, accepting, compassionate, warm, and empathetic therapist. Together in a safe, trusting, and supportive environment we can explore and uncover how you ended up at this point in your life, and find a way through.
Being human isn't easy. If you are seeking therapy you are likely struggling, hurting, and finding life challenging in some way. Maybe you feel stuck, lost, broken, different from others, not like yourself, or like you are not fulfilling your potential. Whatever is weighing on your heart and mind, let's talk about it. I'm here for you. I am an open, non-judgmental, accepting, compassionate, warm, and empathetic therapist. Together in a safe, trusting, and supportive environment we can explore and uncover how you ended up at this point in your life, and find a way through.
(267) 799-1063 View (267) 799-1063
Photo of Tabs Ulmer, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Tabs Ulmer
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19110
I invite anyone who feels the need to talk to someone who is ready and eager to listen to them. Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar Disorder 1 &2, ADHD, Autism and Attachment are some of the main issues that bring clients to me. I have worked in mental, behavioral and relational health for the last ten years and am excited to welcome couples, duos, ethically and consensually non-monogamous clients as well as individuals. One approach to issues which I have adopted in my practice is the idea that all behavior is communication, sometimes we need some help finding out what we are trying to say.
I invite anyone who feels the need to talk to someone who is ready and eager to listen to them. Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar Disorder 1 &2, ADHD, Autism and Attachment are some of the main issues that bring clients to me. I have worked in mental, behavioral and relational health for the last ten years and am excited to welcome couples, duos, ethically and consensually non-monogamous clients as well as individuals. One approach to issues which I have adopted in my practice is the idea that all behavior is communication, sometimes we need some help finding out what we are trying to say.
(267) 704-8423 View (267) 704-8423
Photo of Maria Munoz-Grandes, Registered Psychotherapist in Philadelphia, PA
Maria Munoz-Grandes
Registered Psychotherapist, MPsych, MSc, MPhi, MEd, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19146
Clients who will benefit more from working with me are complex, sensitive persons and couples going through some kind of life transition, or some relational or existential crisis, who want to understand themselves better, integrate the many sides of their identity, "own" their experiences, and reflect about their life course and ways of being and relating. Also persons willing to heal from trauma, to build resiliency and unleash post-traumatic growth. I have lived in Europe, Africa and USA, and have developed an expertise in immigration, acculturation, and international and transnational identities and experiences.
Clients who will benefit more from working with me are complex, sensitive persons and couples going through some kind of life transition, or some relational or existential crisis, who want to understand themselves better, integrate the many sides of their identity, "own" their experiences, and reflect about their life course and ways of being and relating. Also persons willing to heal from trauma, to build resiliency and unleash post-traumatic growth. I have lived in Europe, Africa and USA, and have developed an expertise in immigration, acculturation, and international and transnational identities and experiences.
(267) 497-3047 View (267) 497-3047
Photo of Vishal Shah, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Vishal Shah
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19143  (Online Only)
Whether you’re feeling stuck, overwhelmed, numb, hopeless, or just curious - talking to someone can help. With the right therapist, you’ll learn to identify patterns in your thinking and behavior, improve moment-to-moment awareness and self-regulation, and deepen your understanding of the circumstances around your suffering - and eventually come to terms with them and/or change them altogether.
Whether you’re feeling stuck, overwhelmed, numb, hopeless, or just curious - talking to someone can help. With the right therapist, you’ll learn to identify patterns in your thinking and behavior, improve moment-to-moment awareness and self-regulation, and deepen your understanding of the circumstances around your suffering - and eventually come to terms with them and/or change them altogether.
(215) 346-7454 View (215) 346-7454
Photo of Danielle Silberman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Danielle Silberman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19113  (Online Only)
Feeling stuck, unhappy, and riddled with worry? You are facing a significant change in life, but the worry, uncertainty, and fear are making you feel crazy. It feels contradictory to be excited and hopeful about this new phase, but also terrified and discouraged. You can’t help but compare yourself to how everyone else is feeling, which typically does not make you feel better. It feels frustrating, disappointing, overwhelming, lonely, and sucking the life out of you.
Feeling stuck, unhappy, and riddled with worry? You are facing a significant change in life, but the worry, uncertainty, and fear are making you feel crazy. It feels contradictory to be excited and hopeful about this new phase, but also terrified and discouraged. You can’t help but compare yourself to how everyone else is feeling, which typically does not make you feel better. It feels frustrating, disappointing, overwhelming, lonely, and sucking the life out of you.
(484) 218-4371 View (484) 218-4371

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$144

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.