Chronic Pain Therapists in Chambersburg, PA

Photo of Lauren Wicks, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chambersburg, PA
Lauren Wicks
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor practicing therapy for 17 years. I enjoy helping people achieve their goals, whether that includes reducing intensity and frequency of panic attacks, preventing relapse, or improving school performance. I specialize in treating children, adolescents, and adults with anxiety, mood disorders, disruptive behavior disorders, attachment disorders, trauma, chronic pain, firesetting, anger, and problem sexual behaviors. I believe people are resilient and worthy of support and self-care. I invite you to chat with me about your treatment goals in a welcoming and judgement-free environment.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor practicing therapy for 17 years. I enjoy helping people achieve their goals, whether that includes reducing intensity and frequency of panic attacks, preventing relapse, or improving school performance. I specialize in treating children, adolescents, and adults with anxiety, mood disorders, disruptive behavior disorders, attachment disorders, trauma, chronic pain, firesetting, anger, and problem sexual behaviors. I believe people are resilient and worthy of support and self-care. I invite you to chat with me about your treatment goals in a welcoming and judgement-free environment.
(717) 356-3664 View (717) 356-3664
Photo of Harold John Miller in Chambersburg, PA
Harold John Miller
EdD
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
I use cognitive behavior therapy. It is appropriate for a wide range of conditions. I have excellent results in treating anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder and depression. I use a modified cognitive behavior therapy when treating couples. The therapy has been quite effective when treating couples. I have also been effective using hypnotherapy.
I use cognitive behavior therapy. It is appropriate for a wide range of conditions. I have excellent results in treating anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder and depression. I use a modified cognitive behavior therapy when treating couples. The therapy has been quite effective when treating couples. I have also been effective using hypnotherapy.
(717) 826-0804 View (717) 826-0804
Photo of Cachara and Associates LLC, Psychologist in Chambersburg, PA
Cachara and Associates LLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chambersburg, PA 17201
We are a small, private psychological practice providing services in both the Carlisle and Chambersburg areas. We are passionate about our work. We view our therapeutic relationship as the medium in which change happens, allowing your time spent in therapy to be beneficial and worthwhile for you and/or your child. We work with a variety of presenting problems including anxiety, depression, situational stress, childhood trauma, grief/loss, behavioral disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders as well as perinatal health.
We are a small, private psychological practice providing services in both the Carlisle and Chambersburg areas. We are passionate about our work. We view our therapeutic relationship as the medium in which change happens, allowing your time spent in therapy to be beneficial and worthwhile for you and/or your child. We work with a variety of presenting problems including anxiety, depression, situational stress, childhood trauma, grief/loss, behavioral disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders as well as perinatal health.
(717) 978-0129 View (717) 978-0129
Photo of Nick DeWaal, Counselor in Chambersburg, PA
Nick DeWaal
Counselor, MS, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
I provide each individual the opportunity to enter their own unique path towards healing and growth. Through a safe and therapeutic relationship, individuals, couples, or families are assisted in confronting the obstacles and difficulties which have kept their lives from reaching full potential. Specialties include marriage counseling, emotional problems, life/career transitions, self-improvement and relationship issues.
I provide each individual the opportunity to enter their own unique path towards healing and growth. Through a safe and therapeutic relationship, individuals, couples, or families are assisted in confronting the obstacles and difficulties which have kept their lives from reaching full potential. Specialties include marriage counseling, emotional problems, life/career transitions, self-improvement and relationship issues.
(301) 288-3683 View (301) 288-3683
Photo of Dr. Dianne Kleckner, Pastoral Counselor in Chambersburg, PA
Dr. Dianne Kleckner
Pastoral Counselor, Doctora
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
Hello from Bridge of Life Counseling. Our main focus is working with those who are surviving yet suffering with trauma. Being a survivor means you've lived through the tragedy and abuse but now dealing with life can be distorted and hard. Dr. Kleckner has worked 18 years helping people with C/PTSD, Dissociative Disorders and Generalized Anxiety. Perhaps a day such as this is your time to call. Professional, experienced and caring, Dr. Kleckner can help you. There is Hope for your Future. References are available.
Hello from Bridge of Life Counseling. Our main focus is working with those who are surviving yet suffering with trauma. Being a survivor means you've lived through the tragedy and abuse but now dealing with life can be distorted and hard. Dr. Kleckner has worked 18 years helping people with C/PTSD, Dissociative Disorders and Generalized Anxiety. Perhaps a day such as this is your time to call. Professional, experienced and caring, Dr. Kleckner can help you. There is Hope for your Future. References are available.
(301) 710-0764 View (301) 710-0764
Photo of Joseph Levenstein, Psychologist in Chambersburg, PA
Joseph Levenstein
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
Not accepting new clients
When people come for therapy, they are feeling uncomfortable. Usually, they are experiencing feelings such as depression, anxiety, or anger. The source of those feelings lies in how they think about themselves or in how they cope with problems in their lives. So, change involves learning new thoughts and behavior. People need to learn self-enhancing ways to think about themselves and what happens to them. They need to change their behavior in order to better meet the challenges of life.
When people come for therapy, they are feeling uncomfortable. Usually, they are experiencing feelings such as depression, anxiety, or anger. The source of those feelings lies in how they think about themselves or in how they cope with problems in their lives. So, change involves learning new thoughts and behavior. People need to learn self-enhancing ways to think about themselves and what happens to them. They need to change their behavior in order to better meet the challenges of life.
(717) 276-1992 View (717) 276-1992

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jess Hundley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chambersburg, PA
Jess Hundley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Shippensburg, PA 17257
When I started working in mental health I discovered how many therapists shy away from treating trauma survivors. Because of this, many clients have difficulty finding a trauma informed therapist. I decided to dedicate my career to working with those who have been neglected by caregivers, romantic partners, and medical professionals. Anyone who has experienced trauma understands how it can impact every part of their life and make it difficult to trust anyone again. My clients are incredibly diverse, but all hope to create and maintain healthy boundaries that deepen connection with others as they learn to identify safe relationships.
When I started working in mental health I discovered how many therapists shy away from treating trauma survivors. Because of this, many clients have difficulty finding a trauma informed therapist. I decided to dedicate my career to working with those who have been neglected by caregivers, romantic partners, and medical professionals. Anyone who has experienced trauma understands how it can impact every part of their life and make it difficult to trust anyone again. My clients are incredibly diverse, but all hope to create and maintain healthy boundaries that deepen connection with others as they learn to identify safe relationships.
(717) 931-7881 View (717) 931-7881

Online Therapists

Photo of Hillary Bossert-Davis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chambersburg, PA
Hillary Bossert-Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salunga, PA 17538
I also work with individuals with chronic pain and approach this from a holistic perspective.
In my practice, I find meeting my clients where they are and working together from their goals to be most effective. I would work with my you from a strengths-based approach, helping you to focus your goals on improving your quality of life and working on the different areas of life which either prevent you from achieving your desires or may be a strength to work from! I am open to working with clients from all ages and backgrounds!
I also work with individuals with chronic pain and approach this from a holistic perspective.
In my practice, I find meeting my clients where they are and working together from their goals to be most effective. I would work with my you from a strengths-based approach, helping you to focus your goals on improving your quality of life and working on the different areas of life which either prevent you from achieving your desires or may be a strength to work from! I am open to working with clients from all ages and backgrounds!
(717) 276-4262 View (717) 276-4262
Photo of TriCounty Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chambersburg, PA
TriCounty Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC, CSP
Verified Verified
Morgantown, PA 19543
Thank you for considering my professional counseling services. No matter what has brought you here today, you have just taken your first step toward a successful change in your life. If you are suffering from a divorce, illness or loss, depression, anxiety, ADD, developmental issues, anger, or a disruption or transition in your life or your child's life; allow me to help you. As a therapist, I will utilize a warm, confidential, non-judgemental approach to assisting you with your issue. I enjoy helping children, adolescents and adults understand and cope with their issues. Together, we find solutions so you can meet your goals.
Thank you for considering my professional counseling services. No matter what has brought you here today, you have just taken your first step toward a successful change in your life. If you are suffering from a divorce, illness or loss, depression, anxiety, ADD, developmental issues, anger, or a disruption or transition in your life or your child's life; allow me to help you. As a therapist, I will utilize a warm, confidential, non-judgemental approach to assisting you with your issue. I enjoy helping children, adolescents and adults understand and cope with their issues. Together, we find solutions so you can meet your goals.
(484) 271-6738 View (484) 271-6738
Photo of Jennifer Ewald, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chambersburg, PA
Jennifer Ewald
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CAADC, CCTP, CET1
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Wernersville, PA 19565
Looking to make positive changes? Sick of getting stuck in the same patterns and need a way out? I'm here to help you on your journey toward healing and being your best self. Whether its issues from childhood, the recent past, or present, I'm here to help you work through them and move forward. My passion is in trauma and family of origin issues. I also have vast experience with substance abuse issues, mental health disorders, pain management, and anger. I have worked with teens and adults, men & women. If you're willing to work on yourself, I can walk with you on your path toward change.
Looking to make positive changes? Sick of getting stuck in the same patterns and need a way out? I'm here to help you on your journey toward healing and being your best self. Whether its issues from childhood, the recent past, or present, I'm here to help you work through them and move forward. My passion is in trauma and family of origin issues. I also have vast experience with substance abuse issues, mental health disorders, pain management, and anger. I have worked with teens and adults, men & women. If you're willing to work on yourself, I can walk with you on your path toward change.
(610) 200-6950 View (610) 200-6950
Photo of Sage Wellness Center, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chambersburg, PA
Sage Wellness Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Greensburg, PA 15601
Sage Wellness Practitioners are here to walk alongside you in your journey, cultivating wellness and inspiring hope for brighter tomorrow's. Our relationships with our clients are built on a foundation of integrity, compassion, competence, & trust. Our therapists are versed in working with older adolescents and adults across the lifespan. If you are struggling with life stressors and transitions, panic, anxiety, mood instability, pain management, grief & loss and more - our behavioral health therapists can help you strengthen your self esteem, build coping strategies and shift your thinking to support a healthier and happier you.
Sage Wellness Practitioners are here to walk alongside you in your journey, cultivating wellness and inspiring hope for brighter tomorrow's. Our relationships with our clients are built on a foundation of integrity, compassion, competence, & trust. Our therapists are versed in working with older adolescents and adults across the lifespan. If you are struggling with life stressors and transitions, panic, anxiety, mood instability, pain management, grief & loss and more - our behavioral health therapists can help you strengthen your self esteem, build coping strategies and shift your thinking to support a healthier and happier you.
(878) 645-3771 View (878) 645-3771
Photo of Heather Alford, Psychologist in Chambersburg, PA
Heather Alford
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
West Grove, PA 19390  (Online Only)
I do my work with the knowledge that I have the honor to offer comfort to those who may have been greatly wounded. I approach my work with the awareness that everyone's story contains both beauty and pain. Just as the hurt occurs in the context of relationships, so does the healing.
I do my work with the knowledge that I have the honor to offer comfort to those who may have been greatly wounded. I approach my work with the awareness that everyone's story contains both beauty and pain. Just as the hurt occurs in the context of relationships, so does the healing.
(610) 345-7468 View (610) 345-7468
Photo of Debra Lynn Thompson-Knepper, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chambersburg, PA
Debra Lynn Thompson-Knepper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC, CCPG
Verified Verified
Pine Grove, PA 17963
Debra Thompson-Knepper has over 20 years experience working with people who have mental illness and addictions. She believes that it is the therapist's responsibility to have as many therapeutic tools as possible to share with clients to help them achieve their goals. Whether it's development of insight to know the self better and live more successfully or targeted therapy to address a specific marital or individual issue, Debbie shares all her knowledge and tools for your success. Good therapy is built on the client's relationship with the therapist and this is the foundation of all growth.
Debra Thompson-Knepper has over 20 years experience working with people who have mental illness and addictions. She believes that it is the therapist's responsibility to have as many therapeutic tools as possible to share with clients to help them achieve their goals. Whether it's development of insight to know the self better and live more successfully or targeted therapy to address a specific marital or individual issue, Debbie shares all her knowledge and tools for your success. Good therapy is built on the client's relationship with the therapist and this is the foundation of all growth.
(570) 234-3476 View (570) 234-3476
Photo of Sarah Miller LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chambersburg, PA
Sarah Miller LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harrisburg, PA 17102
I have more than 10 years of experience in the medical and mental health fields, with specific focus on coping with illness, depression, anxiety, grief and loss.
Navigating these challenging times can often feel impossible. You’re not alone! Whether you are grieving the loss of a dear friend or loved one, coping with changes in relationships and routines, facing a chronic illness that is making it hard to even get out of bed some days, or you just feel stuck, overwhelmed, and don’t see a way through your circumstances, I’m here to help! Together, we can develop tools that will prove to be a steady anchor, allowing you to weather life’s future storms.
I have more than 10 years of experience in the medical and mental health fields, with specific focus on coping with illness, depression, anxiety, grief and loss.
Navigating these challenging times can often feel impossible. You’re not alone! Whether you are grieving the loss of a dear friend or loved one, coping with changes in relationships and routines, facing a chronic illness that is making it hard to even get out of bed some days, or you just feel stuck, overwhelmed, and don’t see a way through your circumstances, I’m here to help! Together, we can develop tools that will prove to be a steady anchor, allowing you to weather life’s future storms.
(717) 937-8065 View (717) 937-8065
Photo of Grace Be Mental Health, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chambersburg, PA
Grace Be Mental Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EdD, LCSW, MSW, MA, BSW
Verified Verified
Harrisburg, PA 17110
At Grace Be Mental Health, we believe in the importance of holistic health! We believe in the mind, body, soul connection. We strive to meet each client where they are, taking a person-centered approach. We intend for therapy to be a safe space! We view therapy as a tool, and an experience that can assist in the life-long process of learning and re-learning ourselves. We are honored to be a part of the work of self-development with each client we get to know! Specialties include anxiety, depression, trauma, self-esteem, body image, ADD/ADHD, OCD, anger management, chronic pain, chronic illness, and adjustment disorders.
At Grace Be Mental Health, we believe in the importance of holistic health! We believe in the mind, body, soul connection. We strive to meet each client where they are, taking a person-centered approach. We intend for therapy to be a safe space! We view therapy as a tool, and an experience that can assist in the life-long process of learning and re-learning ourselves. We are honored to be a part of the work of self-development with each client we get to know! Specialties include anxiety, depression, trauma, self-esteem, body image, ADD/ADHD, OCD, anger management, chronic pain, chronic illness, and adjustment disorders.
(223) 218-2588 View (223) 218-2588
Photo of Sheryl Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chambersburg, PA
Sheryl Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Carlisle, PA 17015
I have experience in helping people dealing with trauma, PTSD, anxiety, OCD, depression, illness, grief and loss, stress, anger, and this includes justice involved situations.
Accepting New Clients! No one told us that being an adult is so hard. There are so many ups and downs, responsibilities, bills to pay and people counting us. Work stress, personal stress, it can be tough just getting through the day. Do you have problems with depression, anxiety or past traumas that just make life harder. Sometimes we get so caught up in day-to-day life that we forget to stop and take care of ourselves. Maybe it’s time to stop and re-assess your situation, and start working on making some positive changes in your life. Asking for help is the first step.
I have experience in helping people dealing with trauma, PTSD, anxiety, OCD, depression, illness, grief and loss, stress, anger, and this includes justice involved situations.
Accepting New Clients! No one told us that being an adult is so hard. There are so many ups and downs, responsibilities, bills to pay and people counting us. Work stress, personal stress, it can be tough just getting through the day. Do you have problems with depression, anxiety or past traumas that just make life harder. Sometimes we get so caught up in day-to-day life that we forget to stop and take care of ourselves. Maybe it’s time to stop and re-assess your situation, and start working on making some positive changes in your life. Asking for help is the first step.
(223) 204-9472 View (223) 204-9472
Photo of Katie Mount, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chambersburg, PA
Katie Mount
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Lancaster, PA 17601
Through skillfully and respectfully tending to the layers of pain that have accumulated throughout your life, I can help clear the way for you to access the well of strength that is, and has always been, within you.
Feeling overwhelmed or stuck? Are you struggling with a life transition? Do you experience difficulties in relationships? Maybe you feel stuck in emotional or behavioral patterns that seem to be holding you back. I provide a welcoming, accepting space and offer skills to help you achieve more clarity, confidence and connection in your life. My life and work have taught me that we all suffer and struggle. But they've also shown me that we all possess within us a well of wisdom, resilience, and compassion. The suffering we endure can make it very difficult to access this inherent strength. We can easily become lost, disconnected.
Through skillfully and respectfully tending to the layers of pain that have accumulated throughout your life, I can help clear the way for you to access the well of strength that is, and has always been, within you.
Feeling overwhelmed or stuck? Are you struggling with a life transition? Do you experience difficulties in relationships? Maybe you feel stuck in emotional or behavioral patterns that seem to be holding you back. I provide a welcoming, accepting space and offer skills to help you achieve more clarity, confidence and connection in your life. My life and work have taught me that we all suffer and struggle. But they've also shown me that we all possess within us a well of wisdom, resilience, and compassion. The suffering we endure can make it very difficult to access this inherent strength. We can easily become lost, disconnected.
(717) 455-3078 View (717) 455-3078
Photo of Amy Titzer Professional Counseling, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chambersburg, PA
Amy Titzer Professional Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CHT
Verified Verified
Lancaster, PA 17601  (Online Only)
I specialize in the treatment of anxiety and mood disorders as well as life adjustment issues. I am also certified in clinical hypnosis to treat weight loss, smoking, sleep, confidence, and pain management. I have over 20 years of experience as a therapist in the mental health field. Although I have much experience and knowledge as a therapist, I believe people won't care how much you know until they know how much you care. We all need to be seen, heard, and understood, and so much healing happens then. I believe in the mind/body/spirit connection and I individualize my approach with each unique person.
I specialize in the treatment of anxiety and mood disorders as well as life adjustment issues. I am also certified in clinical hypnosis to treat weight loss, smoking, sleep, confidence, and pain management. I have over 20 years of experience as a therapist in the mental health field. Although I have much experience and knowledge as a therapist, I believe people won't care how much you know until they know how much you care. We all need to be seen, heard, and understood, and so much healing happens then. I believe in the mind/body/spirit connection and I individualize my approach with each unique person.
(717) 415-5287 View (717) 415-5287
Photo of Rebekah Coval, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chambersburg, PA
Rebekah Coval
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lancaster, PA 17603
Hi there! I am a licensed individual and couples therapist, certified yoga instructor, and birth doula. I am trained in both movement therapy and EMDR. My areas of expertise include anxiety, relationships and couples counseling, grief, trauma, chronic illness/pain, and spirituality. I offer couples counseling for clients wanting to improve their relationship as well as those discerning separation. I have a special interest in clients who are in a season of transition or decision-making, whether related to college, parenthood, new relationship/career, or navigating the last stage of life.
Hi there! I am a licensed individual and couples therapist, certified yoga instructor, and birth doula. I am trained in both movement therapy and EMDR. My areas of expertise include anxiety, relationships and couples counseling, grief, trauma, chronic illness/pain, and spirituality. I offer couples counseling for clients wanting to improve their relationship as well as those discerning separation. I have a special interest in clients who are in a season of transition or decision-making, whether related to college, parenthood, new relationship/career, or navigating the last stage of life.
(223) 215-5653 View (223) 215-5653
Photo of Balanced Life Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chambersburg, PA
Balanced Life Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCSW, LMFT, LMT, NCHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lancaster, PA 17601
We are an evidence-based practice, working from theoretical approaches of EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Mindfulness, Person Centered, Integrated Pain Management, Internal Family Systems and Attachment-focused Therapy.
It is our belief that we all have the capacity to change, heal and recover from all the things that life can throw at us. At Balanced Life Counseling, we strive to create a warm, welcoming, and trusting environment which allows us to work together towards your goals. Are you feeling overwhelmed by the pressures and stress of life? Has communication been difficult lately? Are you looking for support to navigate challenging situations or circumstances? Sometimes, it's about something more than change. It's about growth and we are passionate about joining with our clients in a safe and collaborative space to help empower their growth.
We are an evidence-based practice, working from theoretical approaches of EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Mindfulness, Person Centered, Integrated Pain Management, Internal Family Systems and Attachment-focused Therapy.
It is our belief that we all have the capacity to change, heal and recover from all the things that life can throw at us. At Balanced Life Counseling, we strive to create a warm, welcoming, and trusting environment which allows us to work together towards your goals. Are you feeling overwhelmed by the pressures and stress of life? Has communication been difficult lately? Are you looking for support to navigate challenging situations or circumstances? Sometimes, it's about something more than change. It's about growth and we are passionate about joining with our clients in a safe and collaborative space to help empower their growth.
(717) 539-4178 View (717) 539-4178

See more therapy options for Chambersburg

Chronic Pain Therapists

How does chronic pain therapy work?

Engaging with a psychotherapist to help treat chronic pain does not mean that one’s pain is all in their head. Therapy for chronic-pain patients has been shown to benefit both the mind and the body, targeting physical symptoms and increasing daily functioning. In other words, for many, addressing their emotional health through therapy affects their physical health. A therapist can help a client challenge unhelpful thoughts about pain and develop new ways to respond to it, such as distraction or calming breathing techniques. Studies have found that therapy can be as effective as surgery for certain cases of chronic pain and many doctors recommend trying psychotherapy in advance of considering invasive surgery.

What are the most effective treatment options for chronic pain?

Stress, anxiety, depression, catastrophizing, ruminating, lack of activity, and social withdrawal all make chronic pain worse. Addressing these issues, research shows, can help people gain control over their pain symptoms. Therapeutic approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy, biofeedback, and mindfulness-based stress reduction, along with greater pain-management education, have been found to help people reduce fear and disability.

Are there new treatments for chronic pain?

Many cases of chronic pain, particularly those involving back pain, remain medically unexplained. But there is evidence that changes in the brain or nervous system are caused by previous physical ailments such as tissue damage; in such cases, the brain may continue to send out pain signals despite the physical cause having healed. To aid patients under these circumstances, a recently developed treatment known as pain reprocessing therapy (PRT) is designed to help the brain “unlearn” this response. A PRT practitioner helps individuals to reduce the “threat value” of their ongoing pain signals until they can reappraise them as less threatening and fear-inducing. They also help an individual to develop new emotional regulation skills.

How long does therapy for chronic pain take?

There is no set timeline for recovery from chronic pain, especially as there may be a range of physical and psychological causes for any individual’s discomfort, but most patients should expect to see a therapist for a number of weeks or months, typically spanning at least 12 sessions. Studies of pain reprocessing therapy found that many individuals’ experience of pain lessened in eight sessions over four weeks.