Therapists in San Francisco, CA

View neighborhoods in San Francisco
Photo of Malka Gorman, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Malka Gorman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104
The people I work with all have one thing in common: they want to feel better. They may come to me with a discrete crisis or a problem with work, family, or relationships. They may simply feel bad and want to talk with someone who can listen and understand. Whatever their concerns, they have the curiosity, courage and desire to feel better in order to achieve their personal goals .
The people I work with all have one thing in common: they want to feel better. They may come to me with a discrete crisis or a problem with work, family, or relationships. They may simply feel bad and want to talk with someone who can listen and understand. Whatever their concerns, they have the curiosity, courage and desire to feel better in order to achieve their personal goals .
(650) 603-0471 View (650) 603-0471
Photo of Frances Paola Mulcahy, Associate Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Frances Paola Mulcahy
Associate Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
As a therapist, my purpose is to accompany you on your path to healing. With a compassionate and flexible approach, I strive to create a warm and engaging therapeutic environment. Drawing from my personal experience as a therapy client and trauma survivor, I understand the importance of having a stable and consistent source of support. The path to healing is a remarkable yet intricate journey, and I want to offer you some practical skills that can help you thrive in spite of adversity.
As a therapist, my purpose is to accompany you on your path to healing. With a compassionate and flexible approach, I strive to create a warm and engaging therapeutic environment. Drawing from my personal experience as a therapy client and trauma survivor, I understand the importance of having a stable and consistent source of support. The path to healing is a remarkable yet intricate journey, and I want to offer you some practical skills that can help you thrive in spite of adversity.
(415) 918-6655 View (415) 918-6655
Photo of Thien Pham, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Thien Pham
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with Asian Americans on issues such as anxiety, stress, relationship and cultural identity issues. I want to learn how your unique environment and experiences have shaped who you are today and the challenges that may occur as a result. I make space for both process oriented and result oriented therapy. My clients have shared that they and enjoy discussing practical tools that they can practice outside of session as well as having space to express their thoughts and feelings.
I specialize in working with Asian Americans on issues such as anxiety, stress, relationship and cultural identity issues. I want to learn how your unique environment and experiences have shaped who you are today and the challenges that may occur as a result. I make space for both process oriented and result oriented therapy. My clients have shared that they and enjoy discussing practical tools that they can practice outside of session as well as having space to express their thoughts and feelings.
(415) 855-9339 View (415) 855-9339
Photo of Peter Kouzmov, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Peter Kouzmov
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94134  (Online Only)
I have relational and engaged approach. My goal is to help you become the true you, and make magnificent, albeit often difficult, discoveries along the way. Together, we will explore your life in a variety of contexts - be it personal, family, social, or historical. I specialize in working with: adults; people in various types and stages of relationships; BIPOC; ethnically, racially and culturally diverse populations; LGBTQAI+, inclusive of all gender identities and sexual orientations; immigrant populations and speakers of English as a chosen language; and, people facing acculturation issues.
I have relational and engaged approach. My goal is to help you become the true you, and make magnificent, albeit often difficult, discoveries along the way. Together, we will explore your life in a variety of contexts - be it personal, family, social, or historical. I specialize in working with: adults; people in various types and stages of relationships; BIPOC; ethnically, racially and culturally diverse populations; LGBTQAI+, inclusive of all gender identities and sexual orientations; immigrant populations and speakers of English as a chosen language; and, people facing acculturation issues.
(510) 939-7670 View (510) 939-7670
Photo of Bernice (Niki) Berkowitz, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Bernice (Niki) Berkowitz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
Putting off your mental health any longer is not an option. Enroll as a client today! WellPsyche providers can help you regain control of your life and function at your best. WellPsyche is a telehealth practice only. All WellPsyche provider appointments are via Zoom, ensuring you can receive medication management and psychotherapy from the comfort of home.
Putting off your mental health any longer is not an option. Enroll as a client today! WellPsyche providers can help you regain control of your life and function at your best. WellPsyche is a telehealth practice only. All WellPsyche provider appointments are via Zoom, ensuring you can receive medication management and psychotherapy from the comfort of home.
(415) 687-0980 View (415) 687-0980
Photo of Sean Jubb, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sean Jubb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123  (Online Only)
We are all part of a greater family system that deeply impacts our mental health. Managing life’s present-day difficulties or reactions to events from the past can cause anxiety, depression, and distress. I offer clinically knowledgeable, empathetic, genuine and authentic support. I provide individual, family, and couples therapy.
We are all part of a greater family system that deeply impacts our mental health. Managing life’s present-day difficulties or reactions to events from the past can cause anxiety, depression, and distress. I offer clinically knowledgeable, empathetic, genuine and authentic support. I provide individual, family, and couples therapy.
(415) 521-1479 View (415) 521-1479
Photo of Amanda Ollis, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Amanda Ollis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I believe growth happens through healthy relationships and the foundation of good therapeutic work is in the quality of the relationship we build together. I strive to bring warmth, honesty, and occasional humor to the therapeutic relationship. I understand my role as supporting your growth by working relationally to develop greater insight and understanding, while building skills that support healthy shifts in how you think, feel, and respond.
I believe growth happens through healthy relationships and the foundation of good therapeutic work is in the quality of the relationship we build together. I strive to bring warmth, honesty, and occasional humor to the therapeutic relationship. I understand my role as supporting your growth by working relationally to develop greater insight and understanding, while building skills that support healthy shifts in how you think, feel, and respond.
(415) 741-2727 View (415) 741-2727
Photo of Topher McMullin, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Topher McMullin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Hello! I am a licensed MFT with over a decade of clinical experience supporting both individuals and couples. Much of my work has focused on supporting a few specific populations including gay men and the broader LGBTQIA+ community, people with ADHD, and founders and other organization leaders in the Bay Area. I specialize in ACT, an evidence-based methodology rooted in mindfulness that, at its core, is about helping people get unstuck. In my work with couples, I also specialized in The Gottman Method, an evidence-based approach backed by more than 50 years of research.
Hello! I am a licensed MFT with over a decade of clinical experience supporting both individuals and couples. Much of my work has focused on supporting a few specific populations including gay men and the broader LGBTQIA+ community, people with ADHD, and founders and other organization leaders in the Bay Area. I specialize in ACT, an evidence-based methodology rooted in mindfulness that, at its core, is about helping people get unstuck. In my work with couples, I also specialized in The Gottman Method, an evidence-based approach backed by more than 50 years of research.
(415) 735-0303 View (415) 735-0303
Photo of Alena Bell, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Alena Bell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104
Are you feeling anxious or down? Are you unsure about the future of a relationship, or wondering why you find yourself repeating the same patterns and behaviors? Therapy is a collaborative process of self-discovery and personal growth. I focus on helping my clients through the development of greater self-understanding, self-awareness and self-acceptance. I want to support you to make the changes you desire, and to live your life to the fullest. I treat a wide range of clinical issues and invite clients of diverse identities and backgrounds into my therapy practice.
Are you feeling anxious or down? Are you unsure about the future of a relationship, or wondering why you find yourself repeating the same patterns and behaviors? Therapy is a collaborative process of self-discovery and personal growth. I focus on helping my clients through the development of greater self-understanding, self-awareness and self-acceptance. I want to support you to make the changes you desire, and to live your life to the fullest. I treat a wide range of clinical issues and invite clients of diverse identities and backgrounds into my therapy practice.
(628) 800-0232 View (628) 800-0232
Photo of Melissa Liptak, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Melissa Liptak
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
My goal as a therapist is to help you create positive change and live life with more ease, meaning and connection. I provide compassionate and effective psychotherapy that will help you learn new skills to move you in the direction you are seeking. I specialize in working with adolescents and adults, and have a particular interest in helping teenage girls, parents, and those in the midst of life transitions. I have worked extensively with clients who struggle with anxiety, depression, academic stress, perfectionism, parenting challenges, relationship conflicts, life transitions, grief and loss.
My goal as a therapist is to help you create positive change and live life with more ease, meaning and connection. I provide compassionate and effective psychotherapy that will help you learn new skills to move you in the direction you are seeking. I specialize in working with adolescents and adults, and have a particular interest in helping teenage girls, parents, and those in the midst of life transitions. I have worked extensively with clients who struggle with anxiety, depression, academic stress, perfectionism, parenting challenges, relationship conflicts, life transitions, grief and loss.
(415) 446-1253 View (415) 446-1253
Photo of Daniel R Ostrow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Daniel R Ostrow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94107
How do you wish to engage in life? Are you getting what you want? Are you getting too much of what you don’t want? We average over 6000 (mostly negative) thoughts a day. Are you wishing for more loving relationships, good will, affection and purpose in your life? Pain rolls through our lives and understandably we wish to avoid it. We often deflect pain but inevitably it returns. Our habitual behaviors take root over many years, often initially helpful but later in life constrict us. I offer an approach to notice how you incur distress by turning toward what you wish to avoid with a sense of curiosity and care.
How do you wish to engage in life? Are you getting what you want? Are you getting too much of what you don’t want? We average over 6000 (mostly negative) thoughts a day. Are you wishing for more loving relationships, good will, affection and purpose in your life? Pain rolls through our lives and understandably we wish to avoid it. We often deflect pain but inevitably it returns. Our habitual behaviors take root over many years, often initially helpful but later in life constrict us. I offer an approach to notice how you incur distress by turning toward what you wish to avoid with a sense of curiosity and care.
(628) 201-7016 View (628) 201-7016
Photo of Rachel M Cleveland, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rachel M Cleveland
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR-P
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
**Accepting New Clients** Feel cared for and heard, experience a safe and authentic connection, find clarity, heal from a past or more recent traumatic event. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Provisional Art Therapist and Mindfulness-based Practitioner, I offer a person-centered, strength-based holistic approach to healing. In addition to traditional talk therapy, I work with the creative mind, this work includes art and expressive mediums to understand how our earliest experiences in life create the implicit, behavioral patterns that we can potentially carry with us for a lifetime.
**Accepting New Clients** Feel cared for and heard, experience a safe and authentic connection, find clarity, heal from a past or more recent traumatic event. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Provisional Art Therapist and Mindfulness-based Practitioner, I offer a person-centered, strength-based holistic approach to healing. In addition to traditional talk therapy, I work with the creative mind, this work includes art and expressive mediums to understand how our earliest experiences in life create the implicit, behavioral patterns that we can potentially carry with us for a lifetime.
(650) 249-9418 View (650) 249-9418
Photo of Rob Riddell, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Rob Riddell
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
Not accepting new clients
www.robriddell.com I help individual adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety, life transitions, crises of meaning, relationship issues, and/or personality problems. Within a warm and collaborative therapeutic relationship, I adopt an integrated approach that may include mindfulness-based practice, Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). I work with clients to foster flexibility and healthy relationships. A core part of treatment is clarifying and moving toward deeply held values. I define "happiness" as flourishing -- living a valued life.
www.robriddell.com I help individual adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety, life transitions, crises of meaning, relationship issues, and/or personality problems. Within a warm and collaborative therapeutic relationship, I adopt an integrated approach that may include mindfulness-based practice, Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). I work with clients to foster flexibility and healthy relationships. A core part of treatment is clarifying and moving toward deeply held values. I define "happiness" as flourishing -- living a valued life.
(415) 991-7652 View (415) 991-7652
Photo of Carol Gomez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Carol Gomez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
My foundational work and experience is rooted in decades of hands-on social justice, advocacy and community organizing work primarily with communities of color, immigrants, refugees, LGBTQ+ folx and survivors of partner violence, sexual violence and labor exploitation.
My foundational work and experience is rooted in decades of hands-on social justice, advocacy and community organizing work primarily with communities of color, immigrants, refugees, LGBTQ+ folx and survivors of partner violence, sexual violence and labor exploitation.
(415) 903-4648 View (415) 903-4648
Photo of John Robert Montopoli, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
John Robert Montopoli
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94109
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. I work almost exclusively with adults overcoming struggles with anxiety and depression. People often experience depression and/or anxiety when they are dissatisfied with important relationships in their personal and professional lives. I have particular interest in helping clients develop skills to overcome shyness and social anxiety issues which can interfere with having the kind of relationships that give special meaning to one's life. I am also the co-founder of the National Social Anxiety Center.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. I work almost exclusively with adults overcoming struggles with anxiety and depression. People often experience depression and/or anxiety when they are dissatisfied with important relationships in their personal and professional lives. I have particular interest in helping clients develop skills to overcome shyness and social anxiety issues which can interfere with having the kind of relationships that give special meaning to one's life. I am also the co-founder of the National Social Anxiety Center.
(415) 689-4131 View (415) 689-4131
Photo of Debra Safren, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Debra Safren
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
If you struggle with feelings of sadness or worry and want to experience more joy and happiness, Cognitive Behavioral therapy can help. Good psychotherapy can change your life for the better. I have found that difficult issues can be healed with the right treatment and connection to a knowledgeable clinician. Please don't hesitate to contact me.
If you struggle with feelings of sadness or worry and want to experience more joy and happiness, Cognitive Behavioral therapy can help. Good psychotherapy can change your life for the better. I have found that difficult issues can be healed with the right treatment and connection to a knowledgeable clinician. Please don't hesitate to contact me.
(510) 466-1179 View (510) 466-1179
Bay Area Center for Couples
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Our therapists at the Bay Area Center for Couples Therapy can help you and your partner improve your relationship. Don't wait until it's too late. Research has found that couples wait an average of six years to seek help after their problems begin. Whether you're in the beginning of your relationship, been together a long time, have been just starting to struggle, or are on the brink of calling it quits, remember, its never too late to fix your relationship. We use effective, evidence based therapy called Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy, which has shown significant improvement in 88% of couples treated with EFT and 70-73% of couples moving from distress to recovery in an average of 20 sessions. Our work is also informed by John Gottman's research on couples.
Our therapists at the Bay Area Center for Couples Therapy can help you and your partner improve your relationship. Don't wait until it's too late. Research has found that couples wait an average of six years to seek help after their problems begin. Whether you're in the beginning of your relationship, been together a long time, have been just starting to struggle, or are on the brink of calling it quits, remember, its never too late to fix your relationship. We use effective, evidence based therapy called Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy, which has shown significant improvement in 88% of couples treated with EFT and 70-73% of couples moving from distress to recovery in an average of 20 sessions. Our work is also informed by John Gottman's research on couples.
(415) 594-4741 View (415) 594-4741
Photo of Silver Lake Psychology--San Francisco location, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Silver Lake Psychology--San Francisco location
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
(415) 965-0819 View (415) 965-0819
Photo of Julie Moore, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Julie Moore
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I utilize evidence-based interventions to help clients reach their therapy goals quickly and effectively. As a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist, I help clients identify and shift maladaptive patterns of thinking and behavior to affect change and decrease distress. After learning and practicing new ways to move through your distress, we'll work towards engaging in exposure to the very situations and contexts that you've been avoiding. While avoidance may seem effective for preventing discomfort in the short term, it maintains distress over time and often lends to missing out on enriching life experiences.
I utilize evidence-based interventions to help clients reach their therapy goals quickly and effectively. As a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist, I help clients identify and shift maladaptive patterns of thinking and behavior to affect change and decrease distress. After learning and practicing new ways to move through your distress, we'll work towards engaging in exposure to the very situations and contexts that you've been avoiding. While avoidance may seem effective for preventing discomfort in the short term, it maintains distress over time and often lends to missing out on enriching life experiences.
(424) 855-0725 View (424) 855-0725
Photo of Sandra Salatich, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Sandra Salatich
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
I am an experienced psychologist serving people of different racial, ethnic and religious backgrounds. As a psychologist, I am interested in and dedicated to the understanding of people. As a therapist, I help individuals, couples, adolescents and children with problems such as depression and sadness, anxiety and worry, grief and loss, challenges in relationships, work-related issues, and difficulty during transitional periods in life. As a person, I am an open-mined female who is comfortable working with people of different genders, orientation and identifications. I emphasize a balance between compassion and critical thinking to meet my clients with a kind and attentive approach.
I am an experienced psychologist serving people of different racial, ethnic and religious backgrounds. As a psychologist, I am interested in and dedicated to the understanding of people. As a therapist, I help individuals, couples, adolescents and children with problems such as depression and sadness, anxiety and worry, grief and loss, challenges in relationships, work-related issues, and difficulty during transitional periods in life. As a person, I am an open-mined female who is comfortable working with people of different genders, orientation and identifications. I emphasize a balance between compassion and critical thinking to meet my clients with a kind and attentive approach.
(415) 969-3792 View (415) 969-3792

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.