Therapists in Cincinnati, OH

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Photo of Jessica Hagen, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Jessica Hagen
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45214
Welcome! I am so glad that you are here. I applaud you for taking the step to reach out and seek some extra support at this time. It takes bravery and wisdom to make that decision, and I am confident that our work together on this journey will have a positive impact on your life. Our work together will be person-centered and strengths-based, filled with compassion, empathy, and non-judgment .I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counseling Supervisor (LPCC-S) and I received my Master's in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Xavier University.
Welcome! I am so glad that you are here. I applaud you for taking the step to reach out and seek some extra support at this time. It takes bravery and wisdom to make that decision, and I am confident that our work together on this journey will have a positive impact on your life. Our work together will be person-centered and strengths-based, filled with compassion, empathy, and non-judgment .I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counseling Supervisor (LPCC-S) and I received my Master's in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Xavier University.
(513) 935-3403 View (513) 935-3403
Photo of Marcie O'Neil, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Marcie O'Neil, MSW, LISW-S
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45242
Waitlist for new clients
I have worked in private practice since 1995. In that time, I have come to appreciate the collaboration and interplay between my clients and myself. I encourage people to pursue adaptations of their ideas, life choices and relationships as a way of taking charge of their own lives. Usually it takes many small shifts and multiple steps to lead to a beneficial outcome. It's not easy but therapy can be rewarding and life altering with the development of insight and the use of extra support to move forward.
I have worked in private practice since 1995. In that time, I have come to appreciate the collaboration and interplay between my clients and myself. I encourage people to pursue adaptations of their ideas, life choices and relationships as a way of taking charge of their own lives. Usually it takes many small shifts and multiple steps to lead to a beneficial outcome. It's not easy but therapy can be rewarding and life altering with the development of insight and the use of extra support to move forward.
(513) 429-7217 View (513) 429-7217
Photo of Immigration Psychology Services, Psychologist in Cincinnati, OH
Immigration Psychology Services
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45220  (Online Only)
Immigration Psychology Services, Inc. provides psychological evaluations for immigration court, including extreme hardship, U and T visa, VAWA/spousal abuse, asylum, and competency. Please see our website (www.immigrationpsychologyservices.com) for more information, including how to schedule an evaluation. Evaluations conducted in English & Spanish. We regularly work with interpreters for other languages.
Immigration Psychology Services, Inc. provides psychological evaluations for immigration court, including extreme hardship, U and T visa, VAWA/spousal abuse, asylum, and competency. Please see our website (www.immigrationpsychologyservices.com) for more information, including how to schedule an evaluation. Evaluations conducted in English & Spanish. We regularly work with interpreters for other languages.
(513) 370-7515 View (513) 370-7515
Photo of Hannah Wilson, Psychologist in Cincinnati, OH
Hannah Wilson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Dr. Hannah Wilson is a Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern in Ohio who has been practicing since 2016. She has a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology. Dr. Wilson believes in a treatment philosophy that is Cognitive-Behavioral, person-centered, interpersonal, and solution-focused. In her free time, Dr. Wilson enjoys spending time with family/friends, cooking, traveling, and hiking.
Dr. Hannah Wilson is a Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern in Ohio who has been practicing since 2016. She has a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology. Dr. Wilson believes in a treatment philosophy that is Cognitive-Behavioral, person-centered, interpersonal, and solution-focused. In her free time, Dr. Wilson enjoys spending time with family/friends, cooking, traveling, and hiking.
(513) 845-3460 View (513) 845-3460
Photo of Karen Beresh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Karen Beresh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45202  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Karen. I am an Independent Psychotherapist in Cincinnati, Ohio. I earned a Masters from the University of Pennsylvania through their advanced standing program in one year with a specialization on Mental Health and Addictions. Previous to that I earned a Bachelor's at Northern Kentucky University and graduated with honors. I place great pride and passion in helping individuals and couples that may be struggling with chronic stress, depression, anxiety, addiction, relationship issues, PTSD and complex trauma.
Hello, my name is Karen. I am an Independent Psychotherapist in Cincinnati, Ohio. I earned a Masters from the University of Pennsylvania through their advanced standing program in one year with a specialization on Mental Health and Addictions. Previous to that I earned a Bachelor's at Northern Kentucky University and graduated with honors. I place great pride and passion in helping individuals and couples that may be struggling with chronic stress, depression, anxiety, addiction, relationship issues, PTSD and complex trauma.
(513) 327-5393 View (513) 327-5393
Photo of Heather Marie Curtis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Heather Marie Curtis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Heather Curtis is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2012. She attended University of California- Santa Cruz where she completed her B.A. in History of Art and Visual Culture. She then moved on to Notre Dame De Namur University in Belmont, CA for Marriage and Family Therapy and Art Therapy. Heather’s work is centered around utilizing art and creative expression to enhance the therapeutic relationship and exploration of mental health symptoms to help the client meet their goals.
Heather Curtis is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2012. She attended University of California- Santa Cruz where she completed her B.A. in History of Art and Visual Culture. She then moved on to Notre Dame De Namur University in Belmont, CA for Marriage and Family Therapy and Art Therapy. Heather’s work is centered around utilizing art and creative expression to enhance the therapeutic relationship and exploration of mental health symptoms to help the client meet their goals.
(513) 647-4529 View (513) 647-4529
Photo of Marisa Funcheon, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Marisa Funcheon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45213  (Online Only)
I believe there is joy all around us. Sometimes, we just need a little help focusing on the right things. We all have an idea of what our best life would look like, yet many of us deal with obstacles that prevent us from reaching that dream. Whether it be anxiety, past trauma, depression, or bad habits, my practice is focused on helping you realize what is holding you back and supporting you to break through and start living your best life. Helping you to pull the negative weeds and tend to your own mind like a garden in order to promote positivity, clear focus and goal setting.
I believe there is joy all around us. Sometimes, we just need a little help focusing on the right things. We all have an idea of what our best life would look like, yet many of us deal with obstacles that prevent us from reaching that dream. Whether it be anxiety, past trauma, depression, or bad habits, my practice is focused on helping you realize what is holding you back and supporting you to break through and start living your best life. Helping you to pull the negative weeds and tend to your own mind like a garden in order to promote positivity, clear focus and goal setting.
(513) 463-5894 View (513) 463-5894
Photo of Anthony Zimmermann, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Anthony Zimmermann
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45202
Are you feeling anxious or depressed? Anxiety and depression can feel overwhelming, but it is possible to overcome their grip. As a licensed professional counselor, my goal is to empower individuals to build resilience, cultivate self-awareness, and develop practical coping skills to lead more fulfilling lives. I help clients challenge their anxious thoughts and behaviors, leading to increased confidence and improved quality of life. I also assist clients in finding hope, meaning, and joy in their lives again.
Are you feeling anxious or depressed? Anxiety and depression can feel overwhelming, but it is possible to overcome their grip. As a licensed professional counselor, my goal is to empower individuals to build resilience, cultivate self-awareness, and develop practical coping skills to lead more fulfilling lives. I help clients challenge their anxious thoughts and behaviors, leading to increased confidence and improved quality of life. I also assist clients in finding hope, meaning, and joy in their lives again.
(513) 613-2975 View (513) 613-2975
Photo of Carin Ives-Clark, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Carin Ives-Clark
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45230
Carin Ives-Clark is a licensed professional clinical counselor who has been practicing since 2014. She earned her bachelor's degree in special education from the University of Cincinnati and her master's degree in counseling from Xavier University. Carin uses a holistic and supportive approach to treatment and believes clients need to be involved in working towards their treatment goals. Her experience includes working with a diverse population of children, adolescents and families. She provides individual and family therapy for mental health and school concerns.
Carin Ives-Clark is a licensed professional clinical counselor who has been practicing since 2014. She earned her bachelor's degree in special education from the University of Cincinnati and her master's degree in counseling from Xavier University. Carin uses a holistic and supportive approach to treatment and believes clients need to be involved in working towards their treatment goals. Her experience includes working with a diverse population of children, adolescents and families. She provides individual and family therapy for mental health and school concerns.
(513) 880-8839 View (513) 880-8839
Photo of Jessica Carlin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Jessica Carlin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45236
Sometimes it feels like you're out of control. Your emotions are running the show. Later, you regret the things you've said or done in the heat of the moment. The good news is that emotional regulation is a skill that can be improved! You can develop skills to better recognize and regulate your emotions and deal with distressing thoughts and feelings. You can learn to respond thoughtfully to situations rather than just reacting. We can work together to develop your ability to be in the moment and enjoy life.
Sometimes it feels like you're out of control. Your emotions are running the show. Later, you regret the things you've said or done in the heat of the moment. The good news is that emotional regulation is a skill that can be improved! You can develop skills to better recognize and regulate your emotions and deal with distressing thoughts and feelings. You can learn to respond thoughtfully to situations rather than just reacting. We can work together to develop your ability to be in the moment and enjoy life.
(513) 570-4040 View (513) 570-4040
Photo of Mary Grace Moore, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Mary Grace Moore
Counselor, LPCC, LICDC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45202
Not accepting new clients
My practice is dedicated to supporting others in their healing from trauma. I understand trauma as any adverse experience, from a single event to a lifetime of pain, that detrimentally impacts our perception of ourselves and the world. My hope is to guide others in finding relief and new meaning from the stories held about their trauma. I strive to foster a strong sense of safety in the connection between myself and my clients as we explore areas that can feel confusing and painful. I provide individual therapy to adults (18+).
My practice is dedicated to supporting others in their healing from trauma. I understand trauma as any adverse experience, from a single event to a lifetime of pain, that detrimentally impacts our perception of ourselves and the world. My hope is to guide others in finding relief and new meaning from the stories held about their trauma. I strive to foster a strong sense of safety in the connection between myself and my clients as we explore areas that can feel confusing and painful. I provide individual therapy to adults (18+).
(513) 986-1289 View (513) 986-1289
Photo of Dr. Reyna Smith, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Dr. Reyna Smith
Counselor, LPCC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45242
Not accepting new clients
Whether you’re only considering going to therapy or ready to call and schedule today, I’m glad you’re here and looking into taking a major step toward improving your life. I believe it is so important to find a therapist who you are able to connect with. I work with teens, young adults, and “millennials” through a wide range of issues including anxiety, depression, life direction, adjustment and transitions, self-esteem, and stress management.
Whether you’re only considering going to therapy or ready to call and schedule today, I’m glad you’re here and looking into taking a major step toward improving your life. I believe it is so important to find a therapist who you are able to connect with. I work with teens, young adults, and “millennials” through a wide range of issues including anxiety, depression, life direction, adjustment and transitions, self-esteem, and stress management.
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Photo of Laura Obert, Psychologist in Cincinnati, OH
Laura Obert
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45242
Dr. Laura Obert is a Psychologist in Ohio who has been practicing since 2012. She earned her Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology from Auburn University. Dr. Obert specializes in working with the LGBTQ+ population and their families. As a member of this community who was also trained specifically in working with this community, Dr. Obert believes she has both a personal and professional understanding of the various factors that uniquely affect the LGBTQ+ population.
Dr. Laura Obert is a Psychologist in Ohio who has been practicing since 2012. She earned her Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology from Auburn University. Dr. Obert specializes in working with the LGBTQ+ population and their families. As a member of this community who was also trained specifically in working with this community, Dr. Obert believes she has both a personal and professional understanding of the various factors that uniquely affect the LGBTQ+ population.
(513) 450-3255 View (513) 450-3255
Photo of Rebecca Zingarelli, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Rebecca Zingarelli
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45209
Hello and welcome, I’m glad you’re here. As individuals, we weave our own beautiful and unique tapestries of life. However, every once in a great while, we hit a snag and become unsure of the texture, color, and direction of which to continue to weave. As a therapist, I believe that each one of us has the capability and capacity to continue weaving, you might just need help with a few knots along the way. That’s where I come in.
Hello and welcome, I’m glad you’re here. As individuals, we weave our own beautiful and unique tapestries of life. However, every once in a great while, we hit a snag and become unsure of the texture, color, and direction of which to continue to weave. As a therapist, I believe that each one of us has the capability and capacity to continue weaving, you might just need help with a few knots along the way. That’s where I come in.
(513) 647-5144 x5 View (513) 647-5144 x5
Photo of MJ Shooner, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
MJ Shooner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, CCATP, CCFP
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45241
I have a heart for todays couples, families and children who are hurting. My passion is for that child or couple who have lost hope & unsure of where to turn. In a twisted, confusing relationship? Is untreated family of origin pain beginning to impact loved ones? As a Marriage, Family and Child Therapist (MFT), I've provided relief for many families. Evidence based, resiliency-focused, trauma-informed and FUN! It's how we learn. Bring me your ‘out of control,’ ‘unfixable’ & ‘unbearable.’ We will walk out from the darkness together. High Conflict Couple, ASD, Anxiety, ADHD, Anger, Oppositional or just lost, don't sit in it alone!
I have a heart for todays couples, families and children who are hurting. My passion is for that child or couple who have lost hope & unsure of where to turn. In a twisted, confusing relationship? Is untreated family of origin pain beginning to impact loved ones? As a Marriage, Family and Child Therapist (MFT), I've provided relief for many families. Evidence based, resiliency-focused, trauma-informed and FUN! It's how we learn. Bring me your ‘out of control,’ ‘unfixable’ & ‘unbearable.’ We will walk out from the darkness together. High Conflict Couple, ASD, Anxiety, ADHD, Anger, Oppositional or just lost, don't sit in it alone!
(513) 912-3588 View (513) 912-3588
Photo of Meghan M Parys, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Meghan M Parys
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45211  (Online Only)
I am passionate about supporting adults coping with issues related to anxiety, depression, trauma, low self-esteem, attachment issues and substance use disorders. I would love to learn what has shaped your life and how this has impacted you. It is important to me to provide a non-judgmental space for you to work through your emotions. I look forward to helping you develop self-compassion and self-acceptance and work towards developing peace of mind.
I am passionate about supporting adults coping with issues related to anxiety, depression, trauma, low self-esteem, attachment issues and substance use disorders. I would love to learn what has shaped your life and how this has impacted you. It is important to me to provide a non-judgmental space for you to work through your emotions. I look forward to helping you develop self-compassion and self-acceptance and work towards developing peace of mind.
(513) 643-9716 View (513) 643-9716
Photo of Psychotherapy by Stella, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Psychotherapy by Stella, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CST
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45243  (Online Only)
Making the first call is sometimes the hardest part of the therapeutic process. I commend you for your strength and courage in seeking help. One of the most important steps of pursuing counseling is finding a passionate, knowledgeable, and trusting therapist that you feel comfortable with. One that will sit with you through your difficult moments and help you to recognize or remind you of your strength. If a mood disorder is taking control of your life, I can help you to learn how to manage it. ​If you are experiencing challenges with your significant other(s) I can help you to improve the connection, understanding, and intimacy.
Making the first call is sometimes the hardest part of the therapeutic process. I commend you for your strength and courage in seeking help. One of the most important steps of pursuing counseling is finding a passionate, knowledgeable, and trusting therapist that you feel comfortable with. One that will sit with you through your difficult moments and help you to recognize or remind you of your strength. If a mood disorder is taking control of your life, I can help you to learn how to manage it. ​If you are experiencing challenges with your significant other(s) I can help you to improve the connection, understanding, and intimacy.
(513) 854-1443 View (513) 854-1443
Photo of Meghan Fawcett, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Meghan Fawcett
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45202  (Online Only)
I have worked as a counselor for the last 18 years, and specialize in working with those who are challenged by changes in life. Whether you have had recent life events that are confusing or upsetting to you, losses, or feel as though your life is missing something, my desire as a therapist is to help you work through the change process and land in a space that makes you feel as though you are complete.
I have worked as a counselor for the last 18 years, and specialize in working with those who are challenged by changes in life. Whether you have had recent life events that are confusing or upsetting to you, losses, or feel as though your life is missing something, my desire as a therapist is to help you work through the change process and land in a space that makes you feel as though you are complete.
(513) 986-7574 View (513) 986-7574
Photo of Tyesha Allen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Tyesha Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45239  (Online Only)
Has sadness, anxiety, or uncertainty taken control of your life? If you are feeling hopeless and ready to act towards building a better you, I am here to help you work through personal difficulties, develop effective coping strategies, process trauma, and encourage you through your journey of being a better you. I believe in creating a specialized treatment plan and course of action that helps you to achieve your mental health and personal goals. In this safe space, you will learn to maintain a sense of mental well-being.
Has sadness, anxiety, or uncertainty taken control of your life? If you are feeling hopeless and ready to act towards building a better you, I am here to help you work through personal difficulties, develop effective coping strategies, process trauma, and encourage you through your journey of being a better you. I believe in creating a specialized treatment plan and course of action that helps you to achieve your mental health and personal goals. In this safe space, you will learn to maintain a sense of mental well-being.
(513) 540-2166 x513512 View (513) 540-2166 x513512
Photo of Ashley Ping, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Ashley Ping
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45241
As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, My primary goal is to create a collaborative relationship with my clients that is built on trust, honesty, and authenticity. I am passionate about empowering women of all ages and teenagers ages 13 and above. I believe that everyone deserves to be heard and understood in the context of their life story. I strive to create a safe place where my clients can explore their experiences- a space free from judgment where people feel comfortable sharing their stories and finding healing.
As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, My primary goal is to create a collaborative relationship with my clients that is built on trust, honesty, and authenticity. I am passionate about empowering women of all ages and teenagers ages 13 and above. I believe that everyone deserves to be heard and understood in the context of their life story. I strive to create a safe place where my clients can explore their experiences- a space free from judgment where people feel comfortable sharing their stories and finding healing.
(513) 912-2574 View (513) 912-2574

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cincinnati, OH

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Cincinnati, OH who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
72% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Relationship Issues
66% Coping Skills
62% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
74% Aetna
63% Optum

How Therapists in Cincinnati, OH see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cincinnati?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.