Chronic Pain Therapists in 28277

Photo of Lucy Dunning, Licensed Professional Counselor in 28277, NC
Lucy Dunning
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, EdS, BC-TMC, NCC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28277  (Online Only)
Connecting with the right therapist is critical when starting your therapeutic journey. I provide free consultations to potential clients, ensuring they feel confident when committing to their therapeutic journey. I specialize in working with patients and families who experience Chronic Illness and Pain. As a chronic illness patient and therapist, I recognize the unique and personal journey clients experience. I understand the obstacles, stigma, and barriers my clients face as they work on building their quality of life.
Connecting with the right therapist is critical when starting your therapeutic journey. I provide free consultations to potential clients, ensuring they feel confident when committing to their therapeutic journey. I specialize in working with patients and families who experience Chronic Illness and Pain. As a chronic illness patient and therapist, I recognize the unique and personal journey clients experience. I understand the obstacles, stigma, and barriers my clients face as they work on building their quality of life.
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Photo of Robert Limkeman, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in 28277, NC
Robert Limkeman
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFTA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28277
Life can be incredibly painful. We can find ourselves feeling stuck, confused, lonely, anxious, despairing, or lost. We want to make sense of our past & present circumstances, map out a path forward, all in a way that feels true to our values and honors the pain we experience. My clients often struggle with issues like depression & anxiety, grief & loss, trauma & abuse, identity & meaning formation, sexuality & pornography, spiritual distress & relationship strife. Whether highly motivated or exhausted and on the verge of giving up, I am honored to meet each client where they are and walk with them step by step toward change.
Life can be incredibly painful. We can find ourselves feeling stuck, confused, lonely, anxious, despairing, or lost. We want to make sense of our past & present circumstances, map out a path forward, all in a way that feels true to our values and honors the pain we experience. My clients often struggle with issues like depression & anxiety, grief & loss, trauma & abuse, identity & meaning formation, sexuality & pornography, spiritual distress & relationship strife. Whether highly motivated or exhausted and on the verge of giving up, I am honored to meet each client where they are and walk with them step by step toward change.
(704) 769-2168 x114 View (704) 769-2168 x114
Photo of Michelle Einson, Psychologist in 28277, NC
Michelle Einson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28277
With over 14 years in the medical setting, I also specialize in chronic illness, bereavement and pain management.
Raising a child with developmental, medical, or psychological difficulties can be a struggle for even the best of families. Couples, as well, often need help with navigating the myriad of "man/woman communication styles and parenting difficulties..
With over 14 years in the medical setting, I also specialize in chronic illness, bereavement and pain management.
Raising a child with developmental, medical, or psychological difficulties can be a struggle for even the best of families. Couples, as well, often need help with navigating the myriad of "man/woman communication styles and parenting difficulties..
(980) 389-2892 View (980) 389-2892
Photo of Michelle McDevitt-Askew, Marriage & Family Therapist in 28277, NC
Michelle McDevitt-Askew
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28277
There are seasons in life when the opportunity to grow can come from both joyful and challenging circumstances or complicated issues and relationships. It is my hope that in the safe,non-judgmental space of therapy we can begin to discover your core resiliency, strengths and create awareness for integrating healthy coping and communication skills for healing. I enjoy helping couples discover relational dynamics and patterns that keep them from enjoying a safe, close and vibrant relationship. I am well suited to work with families and individuals who are struggling with anxiety, depression, chronic illness, grief and life stage transitioning.
There are seasons in life when the opportunity to grow can come from both joyful and challenging circumstances or complicated issues and relationships. It is my hope that in the safe,non-judgmental space of therapy we can begin to discover your core resiliency, strengths and create awareness for integrating healthy coping and communication skills for healing. I enjoy helping couples discover relational dynamics and patterns that keep them from enjoying a safe, close and vibrant relationship. I am well suited to work with families and individuals who are struggling with anxiety, depression, chronic illness, grief and life stage transitioning.
(980) 263-9313 View (980) 263-9313
Photo of Mark Livak, Counselor in 28277, NC
Mark Livak
Counselor, MA, LCMHCA, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28277
I admire anyone who is willing to heal their from their emotional pain and improve their troubled relationships.
Hello, I am Mark, thank you for reviewing my listing. I seek to create a safe place, where my clients can experience the necessary support to heal from the relational and emotional wounds that make them feel hurt, stuck, and confused. I collaborate with my clients to restore hope and renew relational fulfillment. I believe that everyone is unique and infinitely valuable; my clients deserve unconditional respect and should receive personalized care. I help my clients gain insight into their hurt feelings and resulting actions. During therapy, my goals are that my clients feel seen, experience emotional safety, and become reassured.
I admire anyone who is willing to heal their from their emotional pain and improve their troubled relationships.
Hello, I am Mark, thank you for reviewing my listing. I seek to create a safe place, where my clients can experience the necessary support to heal from the relational and emotional wounds that make them feel hurt, stuck, and confused. I collaborate with my clients to restore hope and renew relational fulfillment. I believe that everyone is unique and infinitely valuable; my clients deserve unconditional respect and should receive personalized care. I help my clients gain insight into their hurt feelings and resulting actions. During therapy, my goals are that my clients feel seen, experience emotional safety, and become reassured.
(704) 268-9898 View (704) 268-9898
Photo of Mary Lucas Lacey, Licensed Professional Counselor in 28277, NC
Mary Lucas Lacey
Licensed Professional Counselor, DBH, LPC
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28277
Now Accepting New Patients! How long have you been in pain? Have you been living with it so long that you don't remember how it started? Past and current damage can sabotage our attempts at living the life we deserve and prevent us from trusting others. Often before people enter therapy, they have tried many things to make changes in their lives in order to feel better. Nothing has worked- at least for long. Talking about your problems is not enough. I will help you identify destructive patterns that have interfered with your ability to enjoy life and replace them with healthy solutions.
Now Accepting New Patients! How long have you been in pain? Have you been living with it so long that you don't remember how it started? Past and current damage can sabotage our attempts at living the life we deserve and prevent us from trusting others. Often before people enter therapy, they have tried many things to make changes in their lives in order to feel better. Nothing has worked- at least for long. Talking about your problems is not enough. I will help you identify destructive patterns that have interfered with your ability to enjoy life and replace them with healthy solutions.
(980) 365-8220 View (980) 365-8220
Photo of The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Center of Charlot, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in 28277, NC
The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Center of Charlot
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LCMHC, LCAS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28277
Particular areas of focus include anxiety, depression, addictions, and chronic pain.
You have a right to a better life, to live with less distress; to have a life with possibility, potential, and vitality. I have worked with people like you who have found that within the warm, accepting, nonjudgmental, and supportive environment of our therapeutic relationship that change becomes possible. I invite you to be courageous and to reach beyond your fears to claim the life that you want. Utilizing established, researched, and respected therapies, I treat many emotional and behavioral disorders by helping clients face their struggles and move towards a valued life.
Particular areas of focus include anxiety, depression, addictions, and chronic pain.
You have a right to a better life, to live with less distress; to have a life with possibility, potential, and vitality. I have worked with people like you who have found that within the warm, accepting, nonjudgmental, and supportive environment of our therapeutic relationship that change becomes possible. I invite you to be courageous and to reach beyond your fears to claim the life that you want. Utilizing established, researched, and respected therapies, I treat many emotional and behavioral disorders by helping clients face their struggles and move towards a valued life.
(980) 399-5470 View (980) 399-5470
Photo of Bonita Hutchinson and Associates, PLLC, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in 28277, NC
Bonita Hutchinson and Associates, PLLC
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MEd, LPC, LCMHC-S, LCAS, SAP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28277  (Online Only)
We understand physical and emotional pain and the sense of hopelessness associated with depression, anxiety, chronic illness and trauma.
Experiencing family, work or relationship issues that are overwhelming, you’re not alone. Counseling can support you in Managing Stress & Anxiety. All services are online Due to the PANDEMIC... connect thru telehealth on your Electronic Device to our secure platform for A Safe Place to share, Learn and for support of your mental and emotional health. We are Open Mornings, Evenings and Saturdays - Serving NC and NJ.
We understand physical and emotional pain and the sense of hopelessness associated with depression, anxiety, chronic illness and trauma.
Experiencing family, work or relationship issues that are overwhelming, you’re not alone. Counseling can support you in Managing Stress & Anxiety. All services are online Due to the PANDEMIC... connect thru telehealth on your Electronic Device to our secure platform for A Safe Place to share, Learn and for support of your mental and emotional health. We are Open Mornings, Evenings and Saturdays - Serving NC and NJ.
(980) 338-4035 View (980) 338-4035
Photo of Cody W Chase, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in 28277, NC
Cody W Chase
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFTA
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28277
I can help navigate a new diagnosis, chronic illness, or caregiving.
Life is messy and sometimes we need help making sense of the chaos. I provide a safe and confidential space to be heard, be real, and be understood. I am passionate about helping people navigate the various expected and unexpected happenings in their lives. Whether it is managing the new territory of parenthood, dealing with an unexpected diagnosis, or handling the stresses of everyday life, I strive to help people remain grounded and arm them with healthy coping strategies to get on their desired path.
I can help navigate a new diagnosis, chronic illness, or caregiving.
Life is messy and sometimes we need help making sense of the chaos. I provide a safe and confidential space to be heard, be real, and be understood. I am passionate about helping people navigate the various expected and unexpected happenings in their lives. Whether it is managing the new territory of parenthood, dealing with an unexpected diagnosis, or handling the stresses of everyday life, I strive to help people remain grounded and arm them with healthy coping strategies to get on their desired path.
(704) 327-0314 View (704) 327-0314
Photo of Tamara Hicks, Licensed Professional Counselor in 28277, NC
Tamara Hicks
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LCMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28277
I have learned that I am not for everyone and everyone is not for me. I am a whole vibe professionally speaking. Therapy is a journey one in which the client is in the drivers seat and the therapist is in the passenger seat, shotgun! The client that wants to get to the root of the pain, hurt, awkwardness, craziness, sadness, the list goes on is a great match with Ms. Tam. The client that also pulls from hope, spirit, experience, the unknown is a match with me. Its helpful for the client to remain open throughout at least 3-6 sessions after the assessment in order to fully rate symptom change.
I have learned that I am not for everyone and everyone is not for me. I am a whole vibe professionally speaking. Therapy is a journey one in which the client is in the drivers seat and the therapist is in the passenger seat, shotgun! The client that wants to get to the root of the pain, hurt, awkwardness, craziness, sadness, the list goes on is a great match with Ms. Tam. The client that also pulls from hope, spirit, experience, the unknown is a match with me. Its helpful for the client to remain open throughout at least 3-6 sessions after the assessment in order to fully rate symptom change.
(704) 313-1034 View (704) 313-1034
Photo of Alli Becker, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in 28277, NC
Alli Becker
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MEd, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28277
Have you ever wondered what it would be like if you could wake up every morning feeling happy, fulfilled, and free of any consuming negative thoughts? If your answer is yes, you are in the right place. Whether you are struggling personally or in your relationships (of any sort: romantic, parent/child, etc.) we can help you. With over 15 years of experience with children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples, we are able to provide world class treatment for a variety of mental health concerns. Take the step to end your suffering today. It is time for you to learn how to live the life you deserve.
Have you ever wondered what it would be like if you could wake up every morning feeling happy, fulfilled, and free of any consuming negative thoughts? If your answer is yes, you are in the right place. Whether you are struggling personally or in your relationships (of any sort: romantic, parent/child, etc.) we can help you. With over 15 years of experience with children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples, we are able to provide world class treatment for a variety of mental health concerns. Take the step to end your suffering today. It is time for you to learn how to live the life you deserve.
(704) 869-2937 View (704) 869-2937
Photo of Kimberly A. (Vogel) Whalen, Marriage & Family Therapist in 28277, NC
Kimberly A. (Vogel) Whalen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28277
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I obtained my undergraduate degree in Clinical Psychology and graduate degree in Marriage and Family Therapy. My therapy approach is taken from an attachment theory and perspective. I believe humans are wired to feel connected, and that we all greatly benefit from healthy relationships. Without this connectedness, we may experience loneliness or isolation. I provide a safe, accepting space for individuals, couples, and families using a positive Existential Therapy Model to support self-awareness, meaningful relationships, and values of life.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I obtained my undergraduate degree in Clinical Psychology and graduate degree in Marriage and Family Therapy. My therapy approach is taken from an attachment theory and perspective. I believe humans are wired to feel connected, and that we all greatly benefit from healthy relationships. Without this connectedness, we may experience loneliness or isolation. I provide a safe, accepting space for individuals, couples, and families using a positive Existential Therapy Model to support self-awareness, meaningful relationships, and values of life.
(704) 909-7018 View (704) 909-7018
Photo of Morgan Enright, Marriage & Family Therapist in 28277, NC
Morgan Enright
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LPC-S, AAMFT-S, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28277
Dr. Morgan Enright has been helping individuals, couples, and families over the last decade find health and wholeness. As co-founder of One:12 Counseling, he is passionate about helping people become emotionally and spiritually healthy as individuals as well as in their relationships, working with: couples to develop healthy communication, process anger and disappointment, heal from past hurt, and deal with sexual intimacy difficulties; families in turmoil to be able to heal and reconnect; adolescents and young adults to develop healthy life skills, positive goals, and foster their identity in Christ; men who struggle with pornography and sexual addiction to find freedom and wholeness.
Dr. Morgan Enright has been helping individuals, couples, and families over the last decade find health and wholeness. As co-founder of One:12 Counseling, he is passionate about helping people become emotionally and spiritually healthy as individuals as well as in their relationships, working with: couples to develop healthy communication, process anger and disappointment, heal from past hurt, and deal with sexual intimacy difficulties; families in turmoil to be able to heal and reconnect; adolescents and young adults to develop healthy life skills, positive goals, and foster their identity in Christ; men who struggle with pornography and sexual addiction to find freedom and wholeness.
(704) 706-9451 View (704) 706-9451
Photo of Megan Connell, Psychologist in 28277, NC
Megan Connell
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28277
Your mind is racing, you feel overwhelmed and as though you can barely hold it together. You feel the pressure of the expectations of others and you live in constant dread of letting them down, or worse being discovered for being a fraud. Even in the quiet of the night your mind races with all the things you need to do and is constantly worried about what you have forgotten, or who you may have let down. You feel powerless to change any of it. This isn’t you, you are used to being fun, passionate, and excited. The worry, the pressure, the desire to be perfect, have all robbed you of your ability to truly engage with your life.
Your mind is racing, you feel overwhelmed and as though you can barely hold it together. You feel the pressure of the expectations of others and you live in constant dread of letting them down, or worse being discovered for being a fraud. Even in the quiet of the night your mind races with all the things you need to do and is constantly worried about what you have forgotten, or who you may have let down. You feel powerless to change any of it. This isn’t you, you are used to being fun, passionate, and excited. The worry, the pressure, the desire to be perfect, have all robbed you of your ability to truly engage with your life.
(704) 885-5815 View (704) 885-5815
Photo of Ben Foodman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 28277, NC
Ben Foodman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CMPC, CSCS, TSAC-F
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28277
Ben Foodman's background as a licensed psychotherapist with advanced training in sport psychology, Brainspotting & neurofeedback allows him to help athletes improve sports performance, treat symptoms of PTSD, ADD / ADHD, trauma, anxiety, depression, transition from injury and provides alternative clinical interventions for patients looking to alleviate their mental health symptoms. He has worked with a wide variety of professional, Olympic, collegiate & high school athletes as well as musicians and tactical athletes.
Ben Foodman's background as a licensed psychotherapist with advanced training in sport psychology, Brainspotting & neurofeedback allows him to help athletes improve sports performance, treat symptoms of PTSD, ADD / ADHD, trauma, anxiety, depression, transition from injury and provides alternative clinical interventions for patients looking to alleviate their mental health symptoms. He has worked with a wide variety of professional, Olympic, collegiate & high school athletes as well as musicians and tactical athletes.
(980) 255-5535 View (980) 255-5535
Photo of Jenny Caldwell, Marriage & Family Therapist in 28277, NC
Jenny Caldwell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28277
I am passionate about working with individuals and families. I believe the client/ therapist relationship is a critical component of the therapeutic process and place emphasis on maintaining a nonjudgmental, caring, and safe environment for my clients. My compassion and use of evidence-based research models provide a space for me to empower and support clients. I believe that the therapy process is collaborative, both therapist and client work together to develop strategies and tools to help clients transition through stressful times. Using both long and short-term therapy approaches, I create an individual approach for clients.
I am passionate about working with individuals and families. I believe the client/ therapist relationship is a critical component of the therapeutic process and place emphasis on maintaining a nonjudgmental, caring, and safe environment for my clients. My compassion and use of evidence-based research models provide a space for me to empower and support clients. I believe that the therapy process is collaborative, both therapist and client work together to develop strategies and tools to help clients transition through stressful times. Using both long and short-term therapy approaches, I create an individual approach for clients.
(980) 326-4831 View (980) 326-4831
Photo of Jennifer Ford, Counselor in 28277, NC
Jennifer Ford
Counselor, MS, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28277
"Our greatest victory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall" --Confucius. Perhaps you feel like you've fallen, and you're struggling to get back up and try again. I'm here to help you find the courage to get back on your feet. Whatever challenges you're experiencing today, you don't have to face them alone. I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor who is passionate about helping individuals reach total healing and wellness. My ultimate goal is to support and empower my clients and assist with learning the tools to make lasting changes.
"Our greatest victory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall" --Confucius. Perhaps you feel like you've fallen, and you're struggling to get back up and try again. I'm here to help you find the courage to get back on your feet. Whatever challenges you're experiencing today, you don't have to face them alone. I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor who is passionate about helping individuals reach total healing and wellness. My ultimate goal is to support and empower my clients and assist with learning the tools to make lasting changes.
(704) 486-8272 View (704) 486-8272
Photo of Suzanne Medlin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 28277, NC
Suzanne Medlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28277
Patient hours: Wed & Fri 8am-2pm. Remote/virtual sessions also available. Are you going through a tough time and feel like life is unraveling before your eyes? Does it seem like nobody understands what you are going through or you're on an emotional rollercoaster? Thought you would never be in this place? Do you feel alone, anxious, depressed and just want to wave a magic wand and feel better? Do you want to feel hopeful you can do things differently? Do you need to take care of yourself?
Patient hours: Wed & Fri 8am-2pm. Remote/virtual sessions also available. Are you going through a tough time and feel like life is unraveling before your eyes? Does it seem like nobody understands what you are going through or you're on an emotional rollercoaster? Thought you would never be in this place? Do you feel alone, anxious, depressed and just want to wave a magic wand and feel better? Do you want to feel hopeful you can do things differently? Do you need to take care of yourself?
(980) 319-1805 View (980) 319-1805
Photo of Jennifer Reiss Miller, Psychologist in 28277, NC
Jennifer Reiss Miller
Psychologist, PsyD, APIT
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28277
Therapy can be a wonderful tool to help you during a confusing or scary time. If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I look forward to working with you to achieve your goals! I believe that everyone is capable of making choices and changes in their lives that will help them maximize their potentials if given the right support and feedback in a safe environment. This is what happens with good psychotherapy. I look forward to joining you on this journey!
Therapy can be a wonderful tool to help you during a confusing or scary time. If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I look forward to working with you to achieve your goals! I believe that everyone is capable of making choices and changes in their lives that will help them maximize their potentials if given the right support and feedback in a safe environment. This is what happens with good psychotherapy. I look forward to joining you on this journey!
(704) 930-3286 View (704) 930-3286
Photo of Lindsay Hicks, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in 28277, NC
Lindsay Hicks
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MS, LCMHC, LCAS-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28277  (Online Only)
I have experience working with a variety of clients in several different settings. I enjoy working with clients from all different walks of life. I enjoy working with clients who are dealing with anxiety and/or depression, clients with body image issues, clients who are struggling with substance use, yourself or a family member, clients who may have been incarcerated or are dealing with the incarceration of a loved one, and clients who are struggling with religious trauma. I enjoy working with clients who are motivated to change old patterns and begin a new life of freedom! Congratulations on taking that first step!
I have experience working with a variety of clients in several different settings. I enjoy working with clients from all different walks of life. I enjoy working with clients who are dealing with anxiety and/or depression, clients with body image issues, clients who are struggling with substance use, yourself or a family member, clients who may have been incarcerated or are dealing with the incarceration of a loved one, and clients who are struggling with religious trauma. I enjoy working with clients who are motivated to change old patterns and begin a new life of freedom! Congratulations on taking that first step!
(704) 396-4152 View (704) 396-4152
Chronic Pain Therapists

How does chronic pain therapy work?

Engaging with a psychotherapist to help treat chronic pain does not mean that one’s pain is all in their head. Therapy for chronic-pain patients has been shown to benefit both the mind and the body, targeting physical symptoms and increasing daily functioning. In other words, for many, addressing their emotional health through therapy affects their physical health. A therapist can help a client challenge unhelpful thoughts about pain and develop new ways to respond to it, such as distraction or calming breathing techniques. Studies have found that therapy can be as effective as surgery for certain cases of chronic pain and many doctors recommend trying psychotherapy in advance of considering invasive surgery.

What are the most effective treatment options for chronic pain?

Stress, anxiety, depression, catastrophizing, ruminating, lack of activity, and social withdrawal all make chronic pain worse. Addressing these issues, research shows, can help people gain control over their pain symptoms. Therapeutic approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy, biofeedback, and mindfulness-based stress reduction, along with greater pain-management education, have been found to help people reduce fear and disability.

Are there new treatments for chronic pain?

Many cases of chronic pain, particularly those involving back pain, remain medically unexplained. But there is evidence that changes in the brain or nervous system are caused by previous physical ailments such as tissue damage; in such cases, the brain may continue to send out pain signals despite the physical cause having healed. To aid patients under these circumstances, a recently developed treatment known as pain reprocessing therapy (PRT) is designed to help the brain “unlearn” this response. A PRT practitioner helps individuals to reduce the “threat value” of their ongoing pain signals until they can reappraise them as less threatening and fear-inducing. They also help an individual to develop new emotional regulation skills.

How long does therapy for chronic pain take?

There is no set timeline for recovery from chronic pain, especially as there may be a range of physical and psychological causes for any individual’s discomfort, but most patients should expect to see a therapist for a number of weeks or months, typically spanning at least 12 sessions. Studies of pain reprocessing therapy found that many individuals’ experience of pain lessened in eight sessions over four weeks.