Therapists in Laguna Hills, CA

Photo of Cedar Light Counseling and Coaching, Marriage & Family Therapist in Laguna Hills, CA
Cedar Light Counseling and Coaching
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Laguna Hills, CA 92637  (Online Only)
Do you want solace? Serenity and solutions? I am licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I have been practicing for 11 years. I am a Certified Life Coach a Hypnotherapist. That means I can help you to cope with life stressors, help you realize core issues and heal you from the inside out. I also have certifications in EMDR trauma counseling and am Gottman certified couple's therapist. I specialize in high conflict relation ships, attachment issues, addiction problems - substance use, porn and love addiction, emotional regulation, trauma, life transitions and PTSD, anxiety, depression, addiction and Bipolar Disorder.
Do you want solace? Serenity and solutions? I am licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I have been practicing for 11 years. I am a Certified Life Coach a Hypnotherapist. That means I can help you to cope with life stressors, help you realize core issues and heal you from the inside out. I also have certifications in EMDR trauma counseling and am Gottman certified couple's therapist. I specialize in high conflict relation ships, attachment issues, addiction problems - substance use, porn and love addiction, emotional regulation, trauma, life transitions and PTSD, anxiety, depression, addiction and Bipolar Disorder.
(949) 438-5269 View (949) 438-5269
Photo of Jacqueline Hyman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Laguna Hills, CA
Jacqueline Hyman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
CATALYST FOR CHANGE! Together we can accomplish changes in individual, marital, and career dissatisfactionto achieve desired personal growth. With over 30 years experience as a university clinical faculty instructor, corporate EAP advisor, and private practice,
CATALYST FOR CHANGE! Together we can accomplish changes in individual, marital, and career dissatisfactionto achieve desired personal growth. With over 30 years experience as a university clinical faculty instructor, corporate EAP advisor, and private practice,
(949) 613-5317 View (949) 613-5317
Photo of Brittney Christie, Marriage & Family Therapist in Laguna Hills, CA
Brittney Christie
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
Deciding to start therapy takes bravery and courage. Acknowledging that racing thoughts, anxious feelings, chronic arguing with a significant other, and mood swings are signaling that something is not right is the first step towards really taking care of yourself. If you are experiencing anxiety, depression, chronic worry, or have recently experienced a difficult life event, you don’t have to face these things alone. I am honored to accompany you through this process of working through difficult life situations and negative feelings, to achieve relief and healing.
Deciding to start therapy takes bravery and courage. Acknowledging that racing thoughts, anxious feelings, chronic arguing with a significant other, and mood swings are signaling that something is not right is the first step towards really taking care of yourself. If you are experiencing anxiety, depression, chronic worry, or have recently experienced a difficult life event, you don’t have to face these things alone. I am honored to accompany you through this process of working through difficult life situations and negative feelings, to achieve relief and healing.
(714) 591-0018 View (714) 591-0018
Photo of Lucinda Ann Wilson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Laguna Hills, CA
Lucinda Ann Wilson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
Many years of teaching children with disabilities, children and teens, taught me that my priority is young children/ teens develop and grow, psychologically and emotionally.
Many years of teaching children with disabilities, children and teens, taught me that my priority is young children/ teens develop and grow, psychologically and emotionally.
(657) 254-3438 View (657) 254-3438
Photo of Kristin S. Merrill, Psychologist in Laguna Hills, CA
Kristin S. Merrill
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
Are you struggling to get through the day? Are you afraid that you will never feel good again? If you're going through a personal crisis, keeping painful secrets, or feeling sad and scared, I can help you face your fears and change the way you view the world. I will teach you practical skills to navigate your current crisis and overcome any future challenges. I work with patients experiencing medical crises; post-traumatic stress; grief and loss; marital/relationship problems; parent-child issues and job/career changes. Share your story with me, and we can work together to rebuild your life and restore your hope.
Are you struggling to get through the day? Are you afraid that you will never feel good again? If you're going through a personal crisis, keeping painful secrets, or feeling sad and scared, I can help you face your fears and change the way you view the world. I will teach you practical skills to navigate your current crisis and overcome any future challenges. I work with patients experiencing medical crises; post-traumatic stress; grief and loss; marital/relationship problems; parent-child issues and job/career changes. Share your story with me, and we can work together to rebuild your life and restore your hope.
(949) 518-0651 View (949) 518-0651
Photo of Resilient Self Holistic Therapy Services, Marriage & Family Therapist in Laguna Hills, CA
Resilient Self Holistic Therapy Services
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, R-DMT, CEDS
Verified Verified
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
Do you feel like things will never get any better? Do you have dreams that seem like they will never happen due to an illness or other setback? Do limitations keep you down? It may seem like things are never going to get better and that you just have to accept your limitations, but that's not true. No matter what the handicap or barrier is, you have the power within yourself to pursue your dreams. I have seen it happen and I can help you get there. I help people with barriers live healthy, productive lives.
Do you feel like things will never get any better? Do you have dreams that seem like they will never happen due to an illness or other setback? Do limitations keep you down? It may seem like things are never going to get better and that you just have to accept your limitations, but that's not true. No matter what the handicap or barrier is, you have the power within yourself to pursue your dreams. I have seen it happen and I can help you get there. I help people with barriers live healthy, productive lives.
(714) 482-6452 View (714) 482-6452
Photo of Faith in Body, Mind, and Soul, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Laguna Hills, CA
Faith in Body, Mind, and Soul
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PPSC, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
Welcome to my page! I assist with individuals who struggle with anxiety disorders, depression, ADHD, behavioral issues at school, home, or work. If your goals include improving your relationships, academics, communication or overall happiness then you have come to the right place! I would like to assure you that I will assist you by providing treatment that is personalized to your goals and needs. As a young professional, I am able to relate to children, teens, and young adults to build a trusting relationship required for effective treatment and therapy.
Welcome to my page! I assist with individuals who struggle with anxiety disorders, depression, ADHD, behavioral issues at school, home, or work. If your goals include improving your relationships, academics, communication or overall happiness then you have come to the right place! I would like to assure you that I will assist you by providing treatment that is personalized to your goals and needs. As a young professional, I am able to relate to children, teens, and young adults to build a trusting relationship required for effective treatment and therapy.
(323) 870-8654 View (323) 870-8654
Photo of Janis M Corbin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Laguna Hills, CA
Janis M Corbin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
I provide professional, caring psychoanalytic oriented psychotherapy with a focus on understanding an individual's experiences, values, beliefs and how these are connected to present day behaviors, relationships, and ongoing life experiences. I view psychotherapy/psychoanalysis as a life process involving a person's mental, physical, emotional, environmental, spiritual and dream experiences. I regard each of my clients with a genuine interest and respect. During our work we will generate insights, create an atmosphere for learning, establish potential life goals, process and work through challenging and painful memories, and be more fully present in everyday life situations. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, and teens.
I provide professional, caring psychoanalytic oriented psychotherapy with a focus on understanding an individual's experiences, values, beliefs and how these are connected to present day behaviors, relationships, and ongoing life experiences. I view psychotherapy/psychoanalysis as a life process involving a person's mental, physical, emotional, environmental, spiritual and dream experiences. I regard each of my clients with a genuine interest and respect. During our work we will generate insights, create an atmosphere for learning, establish potential life goals, process and work through challenging and painful memories, and be more fully present in everyday life situations. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, and teens.
(949) 216-8780 View (949) 216-8780
Photo of Dr. Elaine Montag, Psychologist in Laguna Hills, CA
Dr. Elaine Montag
Psychologist, BA, MA, PsyD, CCC
Verified Verified
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
If you are in emotional pain you can find relief in our first session. Most clients have drastic improvement in 4-8 weeks. My work is non-judging and compassionate. I am directive, specific, goal oriented and incorporate a variety of tools customized to your needs. This includes: EMDR, Cognitive Work, Meditative work, supplements to improve mood, Energy work in our healing room, Intuitive knowing of core patterns, prayer, healing grief. I offer a holistic approach to healing on all levels. About Me: I enjoy meditation, spiritual contemplation, sports, animals, nature, hiking, reading and lots of laughter.
If you are in emotional pain you can find relief in our first session. Most clients have drastic improvement in 4-8 weeks. My work is non-judging and compassionate. I am directive, specific, goal oriented and incorporate a variety of tools customized to your needs. This includes: EMDR, Cognitive Work, Meditative work, supplements to improve mood, Energy work in our healing room, Intuitive knowing of core patterns, prayer, healing grief. I offer a holistic approach to healing on all levels. About Me: I enjoy meditation, spiritual contemplation, sports, animals, nature, hiking, reading and lots of laughter.
(949) 347-5886 View (949) 347-5886
Photo of Karin Draper, Marriage & Family Therapist in Laguna Hills, CA
Karin Draper
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
Most people who seek counseling do so because something in their life is not quite right. Maybe you have already identified what is off in your life – depression, anxiety, a toxic relationship, a past trauma, a painful life transition. Maybe you are the family member or friend that people generally rely on; you give to others freely but sometimes feel as though you are running on “low” and have few places or people to turn to for your own needs. Or perhaps you just know that something is off, that you could be happier or more fulfilled than you are currently.
Most people who seek counseling do so because something in their life is not quite right. Maybe you have already identified what is off in your life – depression, anxiety, a toxic relationship, a past trauma, a painful life transition. Maybe you are the family member or friend that people generally rely on; you give to others freely but sometimes feel as though you are running on “low” and have few places or people to turn to for your own needs. Or perhaps you just know that something is off, that you could be happier or more fulfilled than you are currently.
(949) 667-5786 View (949) 667-5786
Photo of Barbara Colitz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Laguna Hills, CA
Barbara Colitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
I have extensive experience serving all ages. .I work with a wide range of emotional and behavioral issues providing services that span from therapy for depression and grief counseling to parenting support,couples counseling and beyond. In a comfortable and supportive atmosphere, I offer a highly personalized approach tailored to each of my clients individual needs to help attain the personal growth they are striving for. Treatment specialization includes Therapy for depression and anxiety;'couples counseling;family counseling; parenting support;counseling to grandparents raising grandchildren;grief counseling;work and career issues;stress management;addiction and recovery;conflict resolution and hypnotherapy.
I have extensive experience serving all ages. .I work with a wide range of emotional and behavioral issues providing services that span from therapy for depression and grief counseling to parenting support,couples counseling and beyond. In a comfortable and supportive atmosphere, I offer a highly personalized approach tailored to each of my clients individual needs to help attain the personal growth they are striving for. Treatment specialization includes Therapy for depression and anxiety;'couples counseling;family counseling; parenting support;counseling to grandparents raising grandchildren;grief counseling;work and career issues;stress management;addiction and recovery;conflict resolution and hypnotherapy.
(949) 565-2563 View (949) 565-2563
Photo of Tanya Belloso, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Laguna Hills, CA
Tanya Belloso
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Laguna Hills, CA 92654  (Online Only)
Looking for a caring therapist to help with solutions for anxiety or grief and loss? Are you dealing with the loss of a loved one, the end of a relationship or divorce? Do you want a therapist who provides feedback as well as listening? I can help you through counseling and psychotherapy to move through your current struggle to a place of healing and peace. I am currently working with adults, couples, and adolescents and their parents, and I look forward to developing a therapeutic relationship with you!
Looking for a caring therapist to help with solutions for anxiety or grief and loss? Are you dealing with the loss of a loved one, the end of a relationship or divorce? Do you want a therapist who provides feedback as well as listening? I can help you through counseling and psychotherapy to move through your current struggle to a place of healing and peace. I am currently working with adults, couples, and adolescents and their parents, and I look forward to developing a therapeutic relationship with you!
(949) 304-6204 View (949) 304-6204
Photo of David Reed & Associates, Psychologist in Laguna Hills, CA
David Reed & Associates
Psychologist, PhD, CEAP
Verified Verified
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
Our office will again have availability for individual adult patients starting in June 2024. We are unable to accept teens, couples, or families. With many years of working with persons of Asian or Hispanic/Latinx decent, Dr. Reed has a deep understanding for the role that diversity and culture play in one's overall well-being. His involvement with the LGBTQ community spans decades including early research regarding manager's attitudes regarding person's with HIV in the workplace. Dr. Reed is easy to talk with and provides useful information as part of the affirmative counseling services he offers.
Our office will again have availability for individual adult patients starting in June 2024. We are unable to accept teens, couples, or families. With many years of working with persons of Asian or Hispanic/Latinx decent, Dr. Reed has a deep understanding for the role that diversity and culture play in one's overall well-being. His involvement with the LGBTQ community spans decades including early research regarding manager's attitudes regarding person's with HIV in the workplace. Dr. Reed is easy to talk with and provides useful information as part of the affirmative counseling services he offers.
(949) 353-5642 View (949) 353-5642
Photo of Susan Clarke, Marriage & Family Therapist in Laguna Hills, CA
Susan Clarke
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, , LMFT
Verified Verified
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
I have been a Counselor for 28 years and I feel so lucky to be able to help you on your journey. We all have times when a non-judge mental, compassionate professional can help us process and find clarity to move forward and assist in finding your highest good.
I have been a Counselor for 28 years and I feel so lucky to be able to help you on your journey. We all have times when a non-judge mental, compassionate professional can help us process and find clarity to move forward and assist in finding your highest good.
(949) 734-4648 View (949) 734-4648
Photo of Marci Myer, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Laguna Hills, CA
Marci Myer
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
Do you feel overwhelmed by your thoughts, emotions, or day-to-day stress? Are you looking for assistance in navigating your relationships, any conflicts that might arise, or learning better ways to communicate? Would you like to better connect with yourself, and get to know your wants, needs, and desires?
Do you feel overwhelmed by your thoughts, emotions, or day-to-day stress? Are you looking for assistance in navigating your relationships, any conflicts that might arise, or learning better ways to communicate? Would you like to better connect with yourself, and get to know your wants, needs, and desires?
(949) 203-7920 View (949) 203-7920
Photo of Jill Boultinghouse, Marriage & Family Therapist in Laguna Hills, CA
Jill Boultinghouse
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
I have over 20 years of experience as a therapist. I truly understand how difficult it can be to ask for help. Many feel uncomfortable & anxious when seeking help from a counselor about such sensitive & personal issues. It takes courage and faith to reach out. I believe together we will find real solutions to your struggles.
I have over 20 years of experience as a therapist. I truly understand how difficult it can be to ask for help. Many feel uncomfortable & anxious when seeking help from a counselor about such sensitive & personal issues. It takes courage and faith to reach out. I believe together we will find real solutions to your struggles.
(949) 258-9739 View (949) 258-9739
Photo of Michael Gass, Psychologist in Laguna Hills, CA
Michael Gass
Psychologist, PhD, MFT, LCSW
Verified Verified
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
Michael Gass Ph.D is a licensed psychologist, PSY 5201, licensed clinical social worker, LCS 1051, and licensed marriage and family therapist, LMFT 3173 and is certified as a practitioner in psychodrama by the American Board of Examiners in Psychodrama, Sociometry and Group Psychotherapy. Dr. Gass is the director and psychotherapist at the Rebuilding Therapy Center, a comprehensive psychological and family treatment center in Laguna Hills, California. Dr. Gass is the developer of Rebuilding Therapy and author of the book: Overcoming the Past for a More Effective Future, published by Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport Connecticut.
Michael Gass Ph.D is a licensed psychologist, PSY 5201, licensed clinical social worker, LCS 1051, and licensed marriage and family therapist, LMFT 3173 and is certified as a practitioner in psychodrama by the American Board of Examiners in Psychodrama, Sociometry and Group Psychotherapy. Dr. Gass is the director and psychotherapist at the Rebuilding Therapy Center, a comprehensive psychological and family treatment center in Laguna Hills, California. Dr. Gass is the developer of Rebuilding Therapy and author of the book: Overcoming the Past for a More Effective Future, published by Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport Connecticut.
(949) 536-9310 View (949) 536-9310
Photo of Tiara Thomas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Laguna Hills, CA
Tiara Thomas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
Staring therapy is one of the bravest things you can do. Whether you are having relationship problems, feeling unmotivated or anxious, struggling with a past traumatic experience, or dealing with depression or anger issues, you deserve to take this step toward improving your life. In my practice, I work with children, adolescents, young adults, and families, to help build strategies to improve their mood, relationships, work/school life, and reduce their emotional pain.
Staring therapy is one of the bravest things you can do. Whether you are having relationship problems, feeling unmotivated or anxious, struggling with a past traumatic experience, or dealing with depression or anger issues, you deserve to take this step toward improving your life. In my practice, I work with children, adolescents, young adults, and families, to help build strategies to improve their mood, relationships, work/school life, and reduce their emotional pain.
(949) 649-0534 View (949) 649-0534
Photo of Valerie Murphy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Laguna Hills, CA
Valerie Murphy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Laguna Hills, CA 92653  (Online Only)
You may be getting sick of trying so hard and never feeling like you are enough. Maybe you are drowning in self-doubt and criticism. When the ANXIETY of failing or being rejected becomes your main motivation, it’s time for a new way of being in the world. After working together, my clients are able to enjoy the process of growing, connecting, and achieving. Clients start to feel pulled towards their goals, rather than pushed by fear.
You may be getting sick of trying so hard and never feeling like you are enough. Maybe you are drowning in self-doubt and criticism. When the ANXIETY of failing or being rejected becomes your main motivation, it’s time for a new way of being in the world. After working together, my clients are able to enjoy the process of growing, connecting, and achieving. Clients start to feel pulled towards their goals, rather than pushed by fear.
(424) 500-3220 View (424) 500-3220
Photo of Kim Moberly, Marriage & Family Therapist in Laguna Hills, CA
Kim Moberly
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
Not accepting new clients
Making changes to ones life can be both uncomfortable and exciting. I am here to help you get through the toughest parts so that you may live a life that you feel good about. I strive to provide a safe and supportive space to help you heal past wounds, overcome difficulties, and cope more effectively with painful emotions. If you desire and are open to growing and changing, I can assist with teaching you new ways to cope, think, feel, and be in the world.
Making changes to ones life can be both uncomfortable and exciting. I am here to help you get through the toughest parts so that you may live a life that you feel good about. I strive to provide a safe and supportive space to help you heal past wounds, overcome difficulties, and cope more effectively with painful emotions. If you desire and are open to growing and changing, I can assist with teaching you new ways to cope, think, feel, and be in the world.
(657) 298-8290 View (657) 298-8290

See more therapy options for Laguna Hills

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Laguna Hills, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Laguna Hills, CA who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
93% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
75% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
68% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

65% Aetna
62% Cigna and Evernorth
38% MHN | Health Net

How Therapists in Laguna Hills, CA see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Laguna Hills?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.