Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Max Farber, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Max Farber
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Dr. Max Farber is a licensed clinical psychologist who helps foster positive change in people’s lives. He listens and co-creates therapy goals. Dr. Farber’s work often involves helping people to identify and live by the values that give their lives meaning and vitality, become more aware and accepting of emotions, worry less, problem solve with more flexibility, be more resilient to stress, change emotion driven behaviors to behavior choices that are more in line with core values, and to make new and enhance existing relationships, be they personal or professional.
Dr. Max Farber is a licensed clinical psychologist who helps foster positive change in people’s lives. He listens and co-creates therapy goals. Dr. Farber’s work often involves helping people to identify and live by the values that give their lives meaning and vitality, become more aware and accepting of emotions, worry less, problem solve with more flexibility, be more resilient to stress, change emotion driven behaviors to behavior choices that are more in line with core values, and to make new and enhance existing relationships, be they personal or professional.
(415) 594-4156 View (415) 594-4156
Photo of Justen Wiggins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Justen Wiggins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94124
Justen Wiggins, LCSW. CBT-based mindfulness. 20yrs retired military. Specializing in trauma-informed therapy approaches addressing PTSD, moral injury, co-occurring SUD and behavioral issues, and life balance application.
Justen Wiggins, LCSW. CBT-based mindfulness. 20yrs retired military. Specializing in trauma-informed therapy approaches addressing PTSD, moral injury, co-occurring SUD and behavioral issues, and life balance application.
(510) 319-3182 View (510) 319-3182
Photo of Rhea St. Julien, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rhea St. Julien
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
My speciality is working with women and non-binary people who have experienced trauma. I use a range of modalities, including EMDR, Expressive Arts Therapy, and Trauma-Informed Talk Therapy, to help my patients see real change. My approach is engaged, relational, and embodied.
My speciality is working with women and non-binary people who have experienced trauma. I use a range of modalities, including EMDR, Expressive Arts Therapy, and Trauma-Informed Talk Therapy, to help my patients see real change. My approach is engaged, relational, and embodied.
(415) 858-6773 View (415) 858-6773
Photo of McCandless Petty, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
McCandless Petty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94107
I became a therapist because I love people and their stories. I appreciate the complexity of people, the therapeutic process, and the reality that multiple truths of the human experience don’t often fit together neatly. Part of my work as a therapist helps people dig down to their truths so they can better hold themselves and communicate honestly with others. In my practice, I have seen therapy facilitate deep personal growth and expansion. As we know and expand ourselves, we can all better hold complexity and bring more health and balance into our lives.
I became a therapist because I love people and their stories. I appreciate the complexity of people, the therapeutic process, and the reality that multiple truths of the human experience don’t often fit together neatly. Part of my work as a therapist helps people dig down to their truths so they can better hold themselves and communicate honestly with others. In my practice, I have seen therapy facilitate deep personal growth and expansion. As we know and expand ourselves, we can all better hold complexity and bring more health and balance into our lives.
(628) 277-5796 View (628) 277-5796
Photo of Leslie Shannon Laughlin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Leslie Shannon Laughlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94107
Hello, my name is Leslie and I can offer you a space to exhale. Whatever you are facing, call me if you need help sorting through life's challenges and learn ways to relax and find peace. Learn how to honor yourself while you learn about your strengths. Please know that every "worst day ever" you have had, you have also surpassed.
Hello, my name is Leslie and I can offer you a space to exhale. Whatever you are facing, call me if you need help sorting through life's challenges and learn ways to relax and find peace. Learn how to honor yourself while you learn about your strengths. Please know that every "worst day ever" you have had, you have also surpassed.
(415) 843-4082 View (415) 843-4082
Photo of Amanda Lesky, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Amanda Lesky
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
I assist you to develop and use your strengths to improve your relationships and yourself through self-exploration and guidance. I use an integrative Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approach. I work with individuals that struggle with depression and anxiety related to career, athletics, interpersonal relationships, medical conditions, disease, pre/post op surgery and injuries. Through a safe and supportive environment, I believe in the importance of devising a realistic plan for treatment that is personalized for your particular symptoms and collaborate with you to improve your quality of life.
I assist you to develop and use your strengths to improve your relationships and yourself through self-exploration and guidance. I use an integrative Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approach. I work with individuals that struggle with depression and anxiety related to career, athletics, interpersonal relationships, medical conditions, disease, pre/post op surgery and injuries. Through a safe and supportive environment, I believe in the importance of devising a realistic plan for treatment that is personalized for your particular symptoms and collaborate with you to improve your quality of life.
(628) 244-3762 View (628) 244-3762
Photo of Brooke Ferragamo, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Brooke Ferragamo
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
I offer a grounded, warm, and personalized approach to help adolescents and adults cope with life transitions, chronic distress, trauma, and other mental health challenges such as depression and anxiety. I am passionate about serving adolescents who are struggling to find their place in our rapidly changing world, members of the LGBTQ+ community, and any folks who feel as though they have difficulty fitting into society's prescribed norms. Some folks reach out with a specific goal in mind, while just as many enter therapy with more of a feeling that something is not quite right. In either case, you are welcome here.
I offer a grounded, warm, and personalized approach to help adolescents and adults cope with life transitions, chronic distress, trauma, and other mental health challenges such as depression and anxiety. I am passionate about serving adolescents who are struggling to find their place in our rapidly changing world, members of the LGBTQ+ community, and any folks who feel as though they have difficulty fitting into society's prescribed norms. Some folks reach out with a specific goal in mind, while just as many enter therapy with more of a feeling that something is not quite right. In either case, you are welcome here.
(415) 639-4075 View (415) 639-4075
Photo of Shelly Messenger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Shelly Messenger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Welcome and congratulations for taking this first step on your journey to change and growth! My name is Shelly and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I became a Social Worker because I am passionate about helping people. I became a therapist because I believe in the healing power of conversation, allowing me the privilege to help people overcome obstacles to being joyful, healthy, and connected. I believe we all carry within us the resources we need to enjoy life in a realistic and authentic way.
Welcome and congratulations for taking this first step on your journey to change and growth! My name is Shelly and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I became a Social Worker because I am passionate about helping people. I became a therapist because I believe in the healing power of conversation, allowing me the privilege to help people overcome obstacles to being joyful, healthy, and connected. I believe we all carry within us the resources we need to enjoy life in a realistic and authentic way.
(628) 345-3512 View (628) 345-3512
Photo of Sarah Voynow Berman, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sarah Voynow Berman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Are you having any mental blocks stemming from stress? Would you like to learn creative, evidence-based practical skills that can facilitate positive lasting change? As an active psychotherapist and professional musician I work with motivated clients who want to obtain greater self compassion, acceptance and productive strategies to assist in establishing a healthy balance in their professional and personal lives.
Are you having any mental blocks stemming from stress? Would you like to learn creative, evidence-based practical skills that can facilitate positive lasting change? As an active psychotherapist and professional musician I work with motivated clients who want to obtain greater self compassion, acceptance and productive strategies to assist in establishing a healthy balance in their professional and personal lives.
(415) 578-5358 View (415) 578-5358
Photo of Serena Wong, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Serena Wong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
By creating a safe, non-judgmental, and exploratory space, healing and shifts can occur. I can support you to deepen your self-awareness, transform unhelpful beliefs and patterns, improve your relationships, and learn healthy ways to manage the challenges of your daily life. I provide an empathic, humorous, supportive, and relational approach to my work. I am compassionately direct when needed. We will work together to ensure you are experiencing growth and healing. Together we will discover solutions and take steps to meet your goals.
By creating a safe, non-judgmental, and exploratory space, healing and shifts can occur. I can support you to deepen your self-awareness, transform unhelpful beliefs and patterns, improve your relationships, and learn healthy ways to manage the challenges of your daily life. I provide an empathic, humorous, supportive, and relational approach to my work. I am compassionately direct when needed. We will work together to ensure you are experiencing growth and healing. Together we will discover solutions and take steps to meet your goals.
(415) 662-0820 View (415) 662-0820
Photo of Cory Teese, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Cory Teese
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
my style is approachable, interactive, and relational. i honor and value the uniqueness of who you are and welcome it in therapy. we get to be ourselves, putting down all the stories and roles we've told we should be. i work with mindfulness, somatic awareness, and emotionally-focused approaches that take a holistic approach towards your healing, honoring the mind-body-soul connection. i care about exploring your emotions, helping their expression while making sense of them. in couples therapy, i focus on how the system is working, developing awareness of emotions, healthy communication, boundary setting, and conflict resolution.
my style is approachable, interactive, and relational. i honor and value the uniqueness of who you are and welcome it in therapy. we get to be ourselves, putting down all the stories and roles we've told we should be. i work with mindfulness, somatic awareness, and emotionally-focused approaches that take a holistic approach towards your healing, honoring the mind-body-soul connection. i care about exploring your emotions, helping their expression while making sense of them. in couples therapy, i focus on how the system is working, developing awareness of emotions, healthy communication, boundary setting, and conflict resolution.
(628) 277-5993 View (628) 277-5993
Photo of New Perspectives Center for Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
New Perspectives Center for Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94107
We are a nonprofit counseling center dedicated to providing excellent therapy for adults, teens, children, couples and families. Our diverse staff can help you with a wide variety of issues, such as: depression and anxiety, emotion regulation, coping with illness, ADHD, grief, stage of life changes, couples and relationship issues, gender identity and sexuality concerns. Our affordable fees are based on your income and we offer a need-based sliding scale to help you make weekly therapy a reality. Plus we accept Medi-Cal with no co-payment!
We are a nonprofit counseling center dedicated to providing excellent therapy for adults, teens, children, couples and families. Our diverse staff can help you with a wide variety of issues, such as: depression and anxiety, emotion regulation, coping with illness, ADHD, grief, stage of life changes, couples and relationship issues, gender identity and sexuality concerns. Our affordable fees are based on your income and we offer a need-based sliding scale to help you make weekly therapy a reality. Plus we accept Medi-Cal with no co-payment!
(415) 634-1261 View (415) 634-1261
Photo of Linn Aosjia, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Linn Aosjia
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94111  (Online Only)
Are you ready see what's possible for your brilliant teen or once enthusiastic young adult? You already see their potential, and now it's time for them to see it too! Perhaps your family has been struggling, and you can see the impact the last few years has had on your child. It's time for some help. Teens and young adults are at a prime period of life where having a place to ask questions and explore meaning, create a tool kit for dealing with anxiety, overwhelm, depression and motivation can not only help them navigate life and responsibilities right now, but also for the rest of their lives.
Are you ready see what's possible for your brilliant teen or once enthusiastic young adult? You already see their potential, and now it's time for them to see it too! Perhaps your family has been struggling, and you can see the impact the last few years has had on your child. It's time for some help. Teens and young adults are at a prime period of life where having a place to ask questions and explore meaning, create a tool kit for dealing with anxiety, overwhelm, depression and motivation can not only help them navigate life and responsibilities right now, but also for the rest of their lives.
(530) 319-5145 View (530) 319-5145
Photo of Khashayar Farhadi Langroudi, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Khashayar Farhadi Langroudi
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
Life is a journey, and like every journey, it has various possibilities, challenges, and gifts. There was a time when you had a clear vision of what you wanted out of life, but lately, you’ve lost your way. It’s especially difficult when moving to a new place and navigating different cultures. If only there were a way to take a step back and gain some perspective. Then maybe you could reorient your path to align with your goals and ambitions. But that feels impossible. You’ve spent so long going through the motions of life that you’ve lost touch with yourself. You know you need to make a change, but you just don’t know how.
Life is a journey, and like every journey, it has various possibilities, challenges, and gifts. There was a time when you had a clear vision of what you wanted out of life, but lately, you’ve lost your way. It’s especially difficult when moving to a new place and navigating different cultures. If only there were a way to take a step back and gain some perspective. Then maybe you could reorient your path to align with your goals and ambitions. But that feels impossible. You’ve spent so long going through the motions of life that you’ve lost touch with yourself. You know you need to make a change, but you just don’t know how.
(415) 687-3968 View (415) 687-3968
Photo of Meiyang Liu Kadaba, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Meiyang Liu Kadaba
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
You deserve to feel at home within yourself, your relationships, and your environment. A psychological home is not a particular physical place. It's being at home within yourself and your life, where there's a sense of comfort and belonging that you can carry with you wherever you go. If you choose to work with me, our therapy can become a kind of “home” that we co-construct together. You'll be supported to gain more clarity around your feelings and behavioral patterns, as well as develop more freedom and agency around your choices about work, life, and relationships.
You deserve to feel at home within yourself, your relationships, and your environment. A psychological home is not a particular physical place. It's being at home within yourself and your life, where there's a sense of comfort and belonging that you can carry with you wherever you go. If you choose to work with me, our therapy can become a kind of “home” that we co-construct together. You'll be supported to gain more clarity around your feelings and behavioral patterns, as well as develop more freedom and agency around your choices about work, life, and relationships.
(415) 855-7444 View (415) 855-7444
Photo of Sarah Swanger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sarah Swanger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94122
I work with athletes, individuals, teams, and organizations to help catalyze change, overcome anxiety, and reach goals, and perform to their capabilities. I help athletes and individuals experience wholeness and find satisfaction and excellence in their lives, their sports, and accomplishments. I also support women before and during pregnancy and postpartum adjustment to find balance and emotional and physical strength and wellness. My experience as a therapist, lifetime as a competitive athlete, and experience as a parent, I am here to help you find the best mental perspectives, overcome pressure, and achieve your goals.
I work with athletes, individuals, teams, and organizations to help catalyze change, overcome anxiety, and reach goals, and perform to their capabilities. I help athletes and individuals experience wholeness and find satisfaction and excellence in their lives, their sports, and accomplishments. I also support women before and during pregnancy and postpartum adjustment to find balance and emotional and physical strength and wellness. My experience as a therapist, lifetime as a competitive athlete, and experience as a parent, I am here to help you find the best mental perspectives, overcome pressure, and achieve your goals.
(415) 914-9722 View (415) 914-9722
Photo of Kadence Mitchell, Pre-Licensed Professional in San Francisco, CA
Kadence Mitchell
Pre-Licensed Professional, ASW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
As a Black, queer femme with mixed ancestry, I carry with me both a personal and professional understanding of the systems of oppression and domination that entangle with identity and wreak havoc in our lives. I have specific interest and experience working with those struggling with racial identity, sexual identity and gender identity; those healing from and finding their independence from/within dysfunctional family dynamics; folks who have been affected by intimate partner violence and dating violence; and those seeking to uncover patterns of intergenerational trauma within themselves and their family systems.
As a Black, queer femme with mixed ancestry, I carry with me both a personal and professional understanding of the systems of oppression and domination that entangle with identity and wreak havoc in our lives. I have specific interest and experience working with those struggling with racial identity, sexual identity and gender identity; those healing from and finding their independence from/within dysfunctional family dynamics; folks who have been affected by intimate partner violence and dating violence; and those seeking to uncover patterns of intergenerational trauma within themselves and their family systems.
(415) 360-3764 View (415) 360-3764
Photo of Saori Miyazaki, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Saori Miyazaki
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94109
YOU are happy with your career but feeling a bit burned out. Do you feel stuck on a notion of "doing the job well/being productive" and integrating "mindfulness" into your life because they seem counterintuitive? I know how you can have a balance in your life by being constructive and mindful at the same time. I can help you achieve your goals! By providing you a few concrete tools based on mindfulness, you will learn to live mindfully and maximize all of your potentials. Are you ready for a more holistic life experience?
YOU are happy with your career but feeling a bit burned out. Do you feel stuck on a notion of "doing the job well/being productive" and integrating "mindfulness" into your life because they seem counterintuitive? I know how you can have a balance in your life by being constructive and mindful at the same time. I can help you achieve your goals! By providing you a few concrete tools based on mindfulness, you will learn to live mindfully and maximize all of your potentials. Are you ready for a more holistic life experience?
(415) 363-6143 View (415) 363-6143
Photo of Leila Kakunda, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Leila Kakunda
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
Hi there and welcome! I am Leila, a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist located in San Francisco. Over the last several years, I have supported my clients with anxiety, depression, parenting challenges, relationship issues, trauma and life's transitions. My style of therapy is relational, strength based and integrative. Through the therapeutic relationship and collaborating on practices like self-compassion, body-mind integration, and boundary-setting, I support my clients on their paths to finding relief from their symptoms and building a sense of empowerment.
Hi there and welcome! I am Leila, a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist located in San Francisco. Over the last several years, I have supported my clients with anxiety, depression, parenting challenges, relationship issues, trauma and life's transitions. My style of therapy is relational, strength based and integrative. Through the therapeutic relationship and collaborating on practices like self-compassion, body-mind integration, and boundary-setting, I support my clients on their paths to finding relief from their symptoms and building a sense of empowerment.
(415) 660-9615 View (415) 660-9615
Photo of Kate Evans Therapy - Attachment Medicine, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kate Evans Therapy - Attachment Medicine
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131  (Online Only)
My clients are individuals and couples who are ready to take a deeper look into themselves and the thoughts and behaviors that aren't serving them any longer. Maybe they've noticed patterns in their lives and/or relationships that they'd like to step away from or help their partners with; issues like explosive anger, emotional withdrawal, people pleasing, codependency, substance abuse, depression, or anxiety. These patterns may be longstanding or they may have arisen as a result of a recent grief or other trauma event. My clients feel there's more to life then what they may be living, they just don't know how to access it yet.
My clients are individuals and couples who are ready to take a deeper look into themselves and the thoughts and behaviors that aren't serving them any longer. Maybe they've noticed patterns in their lives and/or relationships that they'd like to step away from or help their partners with; issues like explosive anger, emotional withdrawal, people pleasing, codependency, substance abuse, depression, or anxiety. These patterns may be longstanding or they may have arisen as a result of a recent grief or other trauma event. My clients feel there's more to life then what they may be living, they just don't know how to access it yet.
(415) 598-5862 View (415) 598-5862

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.