Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Kristy Zadrozny, Marriage & Family Therapist in New York, NY
Kristy Zadrozny
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10017
Hello! The process of finding a therapist is not always easy. I prioritize the collaborative relationship between therapist and client, creating an open and non-judgmental therapeutic alliance. My approach is client-centered, practical, and systemic, meaning I work with clients on the individual level and as people in relationships. Collaboratively, you and I may explore thoughts, emotions, behaviors, family of origin, and the contextual circumstances of your life.
Hello! The process of finding a therapist is not always easy. I prioritize the collaborative relationship between therapist and client, creating an open and non-judgmental therapeutic alliance. My approach is client-centered, practical, and systemic, meaning I work with clients on the individual level and as people in relationships. Collaboratively, you and I may explore thoughts, emotions, behaviors, family of origin, and the contextual circumstances of your life.
(929) 284-7781 View (929) 284-7781
Photo of Nancy J Siegel, Psychologist in New York, NY
Nancy J Siegel
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
If you are unsatisfied with how you feel day to day, the quality of relationships in your life, or your professional accomplishments you should consider beginning therapy. Can you speak your mind in important relationships? I work vigorously in my relationship with you. Like all therapists I will listen and question. But I will also actively challenge and confront the obstacles we discover together. We will speak about the present, and the past to the extent that it helps us understand your life now.
If you are unsatisfied with how you feel day to day, the quality of relationships in your life, or your professional accomplishments you should consider beginning therapy. Can you speak your mind in important relationships? I work vigorously in my relationship with you. Like all therapists I will listen and question. But I will also actively challenge and confront the obstacles we discover together. We will speak about the present, and the past to the extent that it helps us understand your life now.
(646) 600-9244 View (646) 600-9244
Photo of Sandra Gomez, Counselor in New York, NY
Sandra Gomez
Counselor, LMHC, MSEd
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
Living in NYC can be both exciting and overwhelming even on your best days. Between your daily responsibilities, taking care of others’ needs, and the pressure to always have it together, you wonder how you can find the time or space to attend to your own needs. I want to help you harness your hidden superpowers to better manage the changes and stressors in your life (even the positive ones), improve your quality of life and relationships, find purpose and fulfillment, use your time more meaningfully, set healthy boundaries without guilt, and decrease feelings of burnout, shame, sadness, isolation, chaos, numbness, or pain.
Living in NYC can be both exciting and overwhelming even on your best days. Between your daily responsibilities, taking care of others’ needs, and the pressure to always have it together, you wonder how you can find the time or space to attend to your own needs. I want to help you harness your hidden superpowers to better manage the changes and stressors in your life (even the positive ones), improve your quality of life and relationships, find purpose and fulfillment, use your time more meaningfully, set healthy boundaries without guilt, and decrease feelings of burnout, shame, sadness, isolation, chaos, numbness, or pain.
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Photo of Alayne Kandell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Alayne Kandell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R,
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10128  (Online Only)
Typically one seeks therapy when feeling sad, worried or STUCK in an unpleasant life situation. You may be unable to control undesirable personal habits, engaging in unhealthy love relationships, or repeating destructive behaviors. I have practiced psychotherapy for 22 years. My education includes a BA degree from Tulane University, MSW degree from NYU, and a Certificate in Psychoanalysis and Comprehensive Psychotherapy from the 4-year Adult Program at the National Institute for the Psychotherapies in NYC. My professional training and experience as a parent, spouse and corporate employee enable me to create the help you need to grow
Typically one seeks therapy when feeling sad, worried or STUCK in an unpleasant life situation. You may be unable to control undesirable personal habits, engaging in unhealthy love relationships, or repeating destructive behaviors. I have practiced psychotherapy for 22 years. My education includes a BA degree from Tulane University, MSW degree from NYU, and a Certificate in Psychoanalysis and Comprehensive Psychotherapy from the 4-year Adult Program at the National Institute for the Psychotherapies in NYC. My professional training and experience as a parent, spouse and corporate employee enable me to create the help you need to grow
(646) 736-4461 View (646) 736-4461
Photo of Katie Blumenfeld, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Katie Blumenfeld
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
Taking the step to seek out therapy can often be a difficult one. I strive to create a safe and empathic space in which we can collaborate to help you make the changes in your life that you wish to see. With you guiding, I help you get curious about who you are, the messages that you’ve internalized, and how they play a significant role in how you act with the world around you. I work with individuals who struggle with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, disordered eating, and the challenges of everyday life.
Taking the step to seek out therapy can often be a difficult one. I strive to create a safe and empathic space in which we can collaborate to help you make the changes in your life that you wish to see. With you guiding, I help you get curious about who you are, the messages that you’ve internalized, and how they play a significant role in how you act with the world around you. I work with individuals who struggle with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, disordered eating, and the challenges of everyday life.
(646) 768-9123 View (646) 768-9123
Photo of Carolyn C. Grey, Psychologist in New York, NY
Carolyn C. Grey
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
I am a faculty member of the NYU Postdoctoral Program, and a clinical psychologist with over 30 years of experience. In my work with individuals and couples, I see adults and teenagers who face challenges in love and family relationships, friendships, difficulties at school or work, and cross-cultural issues. My first goal is to establish a respectful and empathic relationship so that you can feel comfortable discussing the issues that are most important to you.
I am a faculty member of the NYU Postdoctoral Program, and a clinical psychologist with over 30 years of experience. In my work with individuals and couples, I see adults and teenagers who face challenges in love and family relationships, friendships, difficulties at school or work, and cross-cultural issues. My first goal is to establish a respectful and empathic relationship so that you can feel comfortable discussing the issues that are most important to you.
(646) 760-6435 View (646) 760-6435
Photo of Tamanna Ahmad, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Tamanna Ahmad
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
Applications for South Asian Men's Group - more info under "Gallery." I am a Bangladeshi-American psychotherapist trained at Smith College, and my primary goal in therapy is to help you live a life that deeply aligns with your truest self. Having lived in both Bangladesh and the US, I know firsthand the struggle of feeling as if we are “too much” or “too little” of the identity we are often expected to embody. As a queer woman of color who grew up in predominantly homogeneous spaces, I strongly believe in the importance of not just allowing, but encouraging and celebrating the full expression of our nuanced and glorious selves.
Applications for South Asian Men's Group - more info under "Gallery." I am a Bangladeshi-American psychotherapist trained at Smith College, and my primary goal in therapy is to help you live a life that deeply aligns with your truest self. Having lived in both Bangladesh and the US, I know firsthand the struggle of feeling as if we are “too much” or “too little” of the identity we are often expected to embody. As a queer woman of color who grew up in predominantly homogeneous spaces, I strongly believe in the importance of not just allowing, but encouraging and celebrating the full expression of our nuanced and glorious selves.
(646) 846-1280 View (646) 846-1280
Photo of Rosaire P Daigle, Psychologist in New York, NY
Rosaire P Daigle
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10013
Life is complicated. Yet, we are often given advice by those who haven’t taken the time or simply don't understand the issues. My job is to understand your concerns from your perspective. Outcome research from a 2019 APA taskforce determined the therapeutic relationship is as important as treatment type. Once a relationship based on understanding, trust, empathy, and maybe even humor is built, we can help you achieve your goals. Everyone deserves individually tailored treatment; I have found no better approach than one based on collaboration. If this is a good fit, my website allows you to find and self-schedule appointments.
Life is complicated. Yet, we are often given advice by those who haven’t taken the time or simply don't understand the issues. My job is to understand your concerns from your perspective. Outcome research from a 2019 APA taskforce determined the therapeutic relationship is as important as treatment type. Once a relationship based on understanding, trust, empathy, and maybe even humor is built, we can help you achieve your goals. Everyone deserves individually tailored treatment; I have found no better approach than one based on collaboration. If this is a good fit, my website allows you to find and self-schedule appointments.
(929) 512-7138 View (929) 512-7138
Photo of Tricia Friedman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Tricia Friedman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
Everyone has a past and a present that shapes the person who they are today, their strengths as well as their struggles. When you contact me for therapy, you will find an empathetic listener, who sees you for the unique individual that you are. My approach to therapy is supportive, collaborative and non-judgmental. My past experience includes working at Mount Sinai Hospital with young adults, adolescents and parents, and Metropolitan Center for Mental Health with people of all ages and backgrounds.
Everyone has a past and a present that shapes the person who they are today, their strengths as well as their struggles. When you contact me for therapy, you will find an empathetic listener, who sees you for the unique individual that you are. My approach to therapy is supportive, collaborative and non-judgmental. My past experience includes working at Mount Sinai Hospital with young adults, adolescents and parents, and Metropolitan Center for Mental Health with people of all ages and backgrounds.
(646) 921-9951 View (646) 921-9951
Photo of Alessandra Herbosch, Psychologist in New York, NY
Alessandra Herbosch
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010
Not accepting new clients
As a clinical psychologist, I have worked with a diverse group of children, adolescents, and adults. My training in various settings has allowed me to treat clients with a myriad of psychological issues, which have ranged from relationship, work, school stressors, and crisis intervention services. The majority of my clinical training has allowed me to effectively help my clients manage their mood, anxiety, trauma-related issues, family conflict, chemical dependency, and behavioral problems. My goal with clients is to provide a supportive and empathic setting where we can collaborate to treat their needs effectively.
As a clinical psychologist, I have worked with a diverse group of children, adolescents, and adults. My training in various settings has allowed me to treat clients with a myriad of psychological issues, which have ranged from relationship, work, school stressors, and crisis intervention services. The majority of my clinical training has allowed me to effectively help my clients manage their mood, anxiety, trauma-related issues, family conflict, chemical dependency, and behavioral problems. My goal with clients is to provide a supportive and empathic setting where we can collaborate to treat their needs effectively.
(347) 514-6851 View (347) 514-6851
Photo of Gabrielle Schreyer-Hoffman, Psychologist in New York, NY
Gabrielle Schreyer-Hoffman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New York, NY 10028
Together we embark on a journey toward enhanced self-awareness, growth and balance. I work with you to help identify and understand the core problems you're experiencing and explore possible solutions and methods of coping to aid you in improving your quality of life and relationships. You will explore how to change problematic patterns and build upon strengths as well as develop skills, techniques, and tools to reduce symptoms, improve mood and gain more control of your life.
Together we embark on a journey toward enhanced self-awareness, growth and balance. I work with you to help identify and understand the core problems you're experiencing and explore possible solutions and methods of coping to aid you in improving your quality of life and relationships. You will explore how to change problematic patterns and build upon strengths as well as develop skills, techniques, and tools to reduce symptoms, improve mood and gain more control of your life.
(718) 416-9870 View (718) 416-9870
Photo of Stacey Klein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Stacey Klein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025  (Online Only)
Soul loss is what we go through when our early wounds and traumas restrict our energy and impede our ability to live freely and joyfully. I can help you retrieve your lost energy and rewire old patterns, so you can more fully embody who you were meant to be. Pain is often an invitation to learn more about our feelings so we can evolve and expand. I use a mind-body approach (somatic experiencing/ gestalt) with a relational lens (psychodynamic/ attachment/ Jungian) and energy healing. If you feel stuck after years of talk therapy, I can help. I see children, adolescents, adults, couples & families online only at the moment.
Soul loss is what we go through when our early wounds and traumas restrict our energy and impede our ability to live freely and joyfully. I can help you retrieve your lost energy and rewire old patterns, so you can more fully embody who you were meant to be. Pain is often an invitation to learn more about our feelings so we can evolve and expand. I use a mind-body approach (somatic experiencing/ gestalt) with a relational lens (psychodynamic/ attachment/ Jungian) and energy healing. If you feel stuck after years of talk therapy, I can help. I see children, adolescents, adults, couples & families online only at the moment.
(646) 553-5771 View (646) 553-5771
Photo of Brendan C Hackett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Brendan C Hackett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
As a native New Yorker, born and raised on Long Island, living in the city for the last 10 years, I have been connected to the people who choose to live here. A bustling city where, as Frank Sinatra said so well, "if you can make it here, you can make it anywhere". I believe this to be true and I believe it to be easier with the work of psychology.
As a native New Yorker, born and raised on Long Island, living in the city for the last 10 years, I have been connected to the people who choose to live here. A bustling city where, as Frank Sinatra said so well, "if you can make it here, you can make it anywhere". I believe this to be true and I believe it to be easier with the work of psychology.
(917) 924-5061 View (917) 924-5061
Photo of Heather Karaman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Heather Karaman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW, PC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10128
We don't usually seek help when life is working for us. Whatever your issues are, you are seeking help because what you have been doing is no longer working. I provide a warm, engaging, and interactive environment where change is possible. I am passionate about my work and fully invested in your process to transform your life in meaningful and healthy ways.My career has been driven by an enormous curiosity about human behavior, a profound interest in helping people, and a deep well of compassion and empathy.
We don't usually seek help when life is working for us. Whatever your issues are, you are seeking help because what you have been doing is no longer working. I provide a warm, engaging, and interactive environment where change is possible. I am passionate about my work and fully invested in your process to transform your life in meaningful and healthy ways.My career has been driven by an enormous curiosity about human behavior, a profound interest in helping people, and a deep well of compassion and empathy.
(646) 791-3834 View (646) 791-3834
Photo of Joyce M Rosenberg, Licensed Psychoanalyst in New York, NY
Joyce M Rosenberg
Licensed Psychoanalyst, LP, NCPsyA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003
Are you trying to figure out what's wrong in your relationships, or why you can't seem to find a partner? Trying to understand why you can't find the job you want, or find the motivation to look? Wondering why you're not happier, why things aren't working out the way you thought and hoped they would? And why you're so frustrated, angry, sad, anxious, confused and just plain scared too much of the time. Email me, or call, and we can look for the answers together.
Are you trying to figure out what's wrong in your relationships, or why you can't seem to find a partner? Trying to understand why you can't find the job you want, or find the motivation to look? Wondering why you're not happier, why things aren't working out the way you thought and hoped they would? And why you're so frustrated, angry, sad, anxious, confused and just plain scared too much of the time. Email me, or call, and we can look for the answers together.
(646) 350-0480 View (646) 350-0480
Photo of Richard Orbé-Austin, Psychologist in New York, NY
Richard Orbé-Austin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010  (Online Only)
Do you want to leave a toxic job but feel too burned out to launch a job search? Do you have trouble making major life or career decisions? Do you want to have the life you love, but feel stuck in taking the first step? Are you struggling with impostor syndrome, overwork, & perfectionism? Are you an executive or a new senior leader who needs coaching to support your team? Let's work together to help you achieve your career goals. I am here to coach you to reach your big goals and to better manage your stress, overcome burnout, both, personal & career, starting today. Contact me because now is the time to invest in yourself!
Do you want to leave a toxic job but feel too burned out to launch a job search? Do you have trouble making major life or career decisions? Do you want to have the life you love, but feel stuck in taking the first step? Are you struggling with impostor syndrome, overwork, & perfectionism? Are you an executive or a new senior leader who needs coaching to support your team? Let's work together to help you achieve your career goals. I am here to coach you to reach your big goals and to better manage your stress, overcome burnout, both, personal & career, starting today. Contact me because now is the time to invest in yourself!
(917) 746-1289 View (917) 746-1289
Photo of Karen Rothman, Psychologist in New York, NY
Karen Rothman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003
I specialize in treating adults with anxiety, OCD, panic, phobias, and trauma as well as couples facing difficulties in their relationships. My approach to treatment is rooted in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), and Integrative Behavioral Couples Therapy (IBCT)—all of which use behavioral, emotion-focused, and cognitive methods. I work in a private group psychology practice in downtown Manhattan and am available to see clients in-person and virtually.
I specialize in treating adults with anxiety, OCD, panic, phobias, and trauma as well as couples facing difficulties in their relationships. My approach to treatment is rooted in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), and Integrative Behavioral Couples Therapy (IBCT)—all of which use behavioral, emotion-focused, and cognitive methods. I work in a private group psychology practice in downtown Manhattan and am available to see clients in-person and virtually.
(646) 653-0933 View (646) 653-0933
Leslie K Bornstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD, PSYCHOA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
I am a certified psychoanalyst who specializes in COUPLES THERAPY, individual insight oriented psychotherapy, those with anxiety, panic disorder, depression and OCD, co-dependency and BPD. No two patients are alike so I use a multi disciplinary approach and tailor the treatment to the patient's needs and goals. I particularly enjoy working with COUPLES who are dedicated to their relationship.
I am a certified psychoanalyst who specializes in COUPLES THERAPY, individual insight oriented psychotherapy, those with anxiety, panic disorder, depression and OCD, co-dependency and BPD. No two patients are alike so I use a multi disciplinary approach and tailor the treatment to the patient's needs and goals. I particularly enjoy working with COUPLES who are dedicated to their relationship.
(212) 757-2692 View (212) 757-2692
Photo of Sara Aharon, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Sara Aharon
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, Intern
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Creating a safe, warm, and collaborative environment is important to me in building meaningful and supportive relationships with my clients. Everyone, I believe, deserves a fulfilling life, and sometimes life can be overwhelming. My therapeutic approach is to help you identify your patterns, new insights, coping skills, and your strengths moving forward. Working together, you can look forward to a better understanding of yourself and your relationships. I am committed to helping people access a deeper and re-energized connection with themselves, with others, and with the world around them.
Creating a safe, warm, and collaborative environment is important to me in building meaningful and supportive relationships with my clients. Everyone, I believe, deserves a fulfilling life, and sometimes life can be overwhelming. My therapeutic approach is to help you identify your patterns, new insights, coping skills, and your strengths moving forward. Working together, you can look forward to a better understanding of yourself and your relationships. I am committed to helping people access a deeper and re-energized connection with themselves, with others, and with the world around them.
(845) 442-6932 View (845) 442-6932
Photo of Danica Mitchell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Danica Mitchell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, AASECT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
Offering Telehealth Sessions. As a sex therapist, I work with people experiencing sexual issues such as low sexual desire, sexual incompatibility, frequency, rapid/delayed ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, pain, trauma, and sex addiction. I also specialize in working with individuals and couples to improve relationship issues, such as communication, intimacy, compatibility, infidelity and trust. My goal is to provide a safe place for you as you take steps to improve your life and find your own path towards fulfillment and satisfaction.
Offering Telehealth Sessions. As a sex therapist, I work with people experiencing sexual issues such as low sexual desire, sexual incompatibility, frequency, rapid/delayed ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, pain, trauma, and sex addiction. I also specialize in working with individuals and couples to improve relationship issues, such as communication, intimacy, compatibility, infidelity and trust. My goal is to provide a safe place for you as you take steps to improve your life and find your own path towards fulfillment and satisfaction.
(212) 335-0511 View (212) 335-0511

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.