Therapists in Santa Monica, CA

Photo of Arianna Montero, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Santa Monica, CA
Arianna Montero
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90403
My practice focuses on helping teens and young adults who are looking to gain and/or deepen insight, connect feelings to words, and enhance communication skills. While attending graduate school at the University of Southern California, I worked at Maple Counseling and at LGBTQ Orange County, where I provided affirmative therapy when working with LGBTQ+ clients and processed emotional, sexual, and physical abuse - identifying the pace unique to each client experiencing trauma.
My practice focuses on helping teens and young adults who are looking to gain and/or deepen insight, connect feelings to words, and enhance communication skills. While attending graduate school at the University of Southern California, I worked at Maple Counseling and at LGBTQ Orange County, where I provided affirmative therapy when working with LGBTQ+ clients and processed emotional, sexual, and physical abuse - identifying the pace unique to each client experiencing trauma.
(310) 496-8506 View (310) 496-8506
Photo of Mick Kubiak, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Mick Kubiak
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90403  (Online Only)
You have the answers you seek inside you, but something is in the way of you accessing your inner knowing. My job as a therapist is to help you reconnect and remember, and to offer you tools for working (and playing) with the fears and anxieties that make life more challenging than it needs to be.
You have the answers you seek inside you, but something is in the way of you accessing your inner knowing. My job as a therapist is to help you reconnect and remember, and to offer you tools for working (and playing) with the fears and anxieties that make life more challenging than it needs to be.
(310) 593-4216 View (310) 593-4216
Photo of Robin S Cohen, Psychologist in Santa Monica, CA
Robin S Cohen
Psychologist, PhD, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405
An examined life IS worth living. In this stressful world, many of us are troubled by anxiety, worry, sadness and depression, as well as frustration in our relationships. Although it is easy to feel helpless to make changes in our lives, I have been a part of many amazing transformations coming about through therapy. Therapy is a collaboration and I am dedicated to and active in the process. I have extensive training and experience and I use a multiplicity of approaches, including psychotherapy, relational psychoanalysis, hypnosis, EMDR, somatic and mindfulness practices, to help change the mind and the brain.
An examined life IS worth living. In this stressful world, many of us are troubled by anxiety, worry, sadness and depression, as well as frustration in our relationships. Although it is easy to feel helpless to make changes in our lives, I have been a part of many amazing transformations coming about through therapy. Therapy is a collaboration and I am dedicated to and active in the process. I have extensive training and experience and I use a multiplicity of approaches, including psychotherapy, relational psychoanalysis, hypnosis, EMDR, somatic and mindfulness practices, to help change the mind and the brain.
(424) 294-8871 View (424) 294-8871
Photo of Jessica M Hicks, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Jessica M Hicks
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90401
I specialize in treating highly gifted & highly sensitive people, relationship issues, family systems, anxiety, depression, individuation, compulsion, trauma, and dream work. I have seen the depths of pain and shame in the therapy room. I have compassion for your struggle and am ready to be your ally on the path of healing. The process of psychotherapy is a deeply personal, introspective undertaking. Together we will recognize the wounds, trauma, and disappointments that have befallen you and begin the process of remedy, integration, and repair. In this emotionally safe harbor you can press up against your edges and find compassion.
I specialize in treating highly gifted & highly sensitive people, relationship issues, family systems, anxiety, depression, individuation, compulsion, trauma, and dream work. I have seen the depths of pain and shame in the therapy room. I have compassion for your struggle and am ready to be your ally on the path of healing. The process of psychotherapy is a deeply personal, introspective undertaking. Together we will recognize the wounds, trauma, and disappointments that have befallen you and begin the process of remedy, integration, and repair. In this emotionally safe harbor you can press up against your edges and find compassion.
(424) 353-2346 View (424) 353-2346
Photo of Ryan Scott Brewer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Ryan Scott Brewer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405
My clients are generally very smart and motivated people that are tired of being held back by their anxiety, depression, and past trauma. They are looking for immediate tools that can help them feel more empowered today, while also ready to do the work of healing these issues for good!
My clients are generally very smart and motivated people that are tired of being held back by their anxiety, depression, and past trauma. They are looking for immediate tools that can help them feel more empowered today, while also ready to do the work of healing these issues for good!
(323) 616-2236 View (323) 616-2236
Photo of Natalia Boucher, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Natalia Boucher
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90404
Welcome! The challenges of everyday living can seem overwhelming. Life at times presents us with struggles and setbacks, but sometimes the same problems will keep on recurring unless you make a change. Therapy can help you find the underlying causes of why you feel the way you do and finally move towards relief. I would be honored to work together with you on your journey of self-discovery, healing, and growth. My therapy style offers a safe, warm and compassionate environment while encouraging my clients to recognize their strengths and weaknesses within themselves.
Welcome! The challenges of everyday living can seem overwhelming. Life at times presents us with struggles and setbacks, but sometimes the same problems will keep on recurring unless you make a change. Therapy can help you find the underlying causes of why you feel the way you do and finally move towards relief. I would be honored to work together with you on your journey of self-discovery, healing, and growth. My therapy style offers a safe, warm and compassionate environment while encouraging my clients to recognize their strengths and weaknesses within themselves.
(310) 775-2655 View (310) 775-2655
Photo of Anahita Gheytanchi, Psychologist in Santa Monica, CA
Anahita Gheytanchi
Psychologist, MS, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405
Psychotherapy is an opportunity to experience an awareness of yourself and the obstacles that hinder your emotional growth and connection to others. In this courageous journey, the match between you and your therapist is essential. I view our work as an important collaborative journey and welcome all of your experiences. We will work together to identify your goals as well engage in a meaningful way in your life. My role is to provide a genuine and safe environment to make life-affirming changes.
Psychotherapy is an opportunity to experience an awareness of yourself and the obstacles that hinder your emotional growth and connection to others. In this courageous journey, the match between you and your therapist is essential. I view our work as an important collaborative journey and welcome all of your experiences. We will work together to identify your goals as well engage in a meaningful way in your life. My role is to provide a genuine and safe environment to make life-affirming changes.
(424) 400-2496 View (424) 400-2496
Photo of Angelique Gettle, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Angelique Gettle
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90404  (Online Only)
Do you have difficulty trusting others? Do you struggle with feeling anxious or overwhelmed?
Do you have difficulty trusting others? Do you struggle with feeling anxious or overwhelmed?
(310) 361-1879 View (310) 361-1879
Photo of Nancy Hyland, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Nancy Hyland
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90405
Life is challenging, especially when you are overwhelmed by distressing thoughts and feelings. Whether you're dealing with a past trauma or current stressor, I can help relieve persistent sadness, grief or anxiety. I have extensive experience utilizing the latest techniques, based in neuroscience, to assist people struggling with emotional distress, low self esteem, relationship issues, trauma & violence, disordered eating & substance abuse. I can help ensure your past doesn't dictate your future, as together we address the underlying causes of your distress, in a safe and supportive environment that honors your individual needs, values, beliefs, and goals.
Life is challenging, especially when you are overwhelmed by distressing thoughts and feelings. Whether you're dealing with a past trauma or current stressor, I can help relieve persistent sadness, grief or anxiety. I have extensive experience utilizing the latest techniques, based in neuroscience, to assist people struggling with emotional distress, low self esteem, relationship issues, trauma & violence, disordered eating & substance abuse. I can help ensure your past doesn't dictate your future, as together we address the underlying causes of your distress, in a safe and supportive environment that honors your individual needs, values, beliefs, and goals.
(310) 494-7127 View (310) 494-7127
Photo of Teresa Liaw Chung, Psychologist in Santa Monica, CA
Teresa Liaw Chung
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90401
Are you stuck in a rut? Do you feel like you can get more out of life? Mamas, have you recently had a baby-- and your life has been turned upside down? You are not alone and I am here to help. My strength lies in understanding your unique struggles and formulating a plan of action to overcome these obstacles. I generally use CBT, which examines the problematic patterns in your thoughts and behaviors that impact your mood. I work predominantly with professional women who are challenged by life's major milestones and transitions.
Are you stuck in a rut? Do you feel like you can get more out of life? Mamas, have you recently had a baby-- and your life has been turned upside down? You are not alone and I am here to help. My strength lies in understanding your unique struggles and formulating a plan of action to overcome these obstacles. I generally use CBT, which examines the problematic patterns in your thoughts and behaviors that impact your mood. I work predominantly with professional women who are challenged by life's major milestones and transitions.
(424) 322-3874 View (424) 322-3874
Photo of Allison Nurse-Hofer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Allison Nurse-Hofer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MBA
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90403
You've been feeling like your life just wasn’t supposed to go this way… like you were once on solid ground, but now you’re swimming through quicksand. Maybe the pain of infertility or miscarriage has left you feeling completely hopeless...or you're a new mom wondering why no one ever told you how tough it would be. Maybe difficult memories you thought you'd buried long ago are beginning to sabotage your life…or the promising future you were headed for as an athlete, dancer or performing artist seems to have vanished. You feel lost in an overwhelming sea of emotion..things just aren’t working out…something has got to change.
You've been feeling like your life just wasn’t supposed to go this way… like you were once on solid ground, but now you’re swimming through quicksand. Maybe the pain of infertility or miscarriage has left you feeling completely hopeless...or you're a new mom wondering why no one ever told you how tough it would be. Maybe difficult memories you thought you'd buried long ago are beginning to sabotage your life…or the promising future you were headed for as an athlete, dancer or performing artist seems to have vanished. You feel lost in an overwhelming sea of emotion..things just aren’t working out…something has got to change.
(424) 322-6073 View (424) 322-6073
Photo of J. Lancaster, Psychologist in Santa Monica, CA
J. Lancaster
Psychologist, PsyD, MFT
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90405
Generally, I treat groups, couples, and individuals--21 years of age or older. I am best suited to treat depression, anxiety, bipolar, alcohol/drug issues, personality disorders, anger, panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorders, grief/loss, employment difficulties, military/veterans, spiritual issues, and relationship problems.
Generally, I treat groups, couples, and individuals--21 years of age or older. I am best suited to treat depression, anxiety, bipolar, alcohol/drug issues, personality disorders, anger, panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorders, grief/loss, employment difficulties, military/veterans, spiritual issues, and relationship problems.
(661) 349-9328 View (661) 349-9328
Photo of Celeste Poe, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Santa Monica, CA
Celeste Poe
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90401
Welcome. You may have found your way here by beginning a search for support or change. But why therapy? My role is to help you highlight and eliminate the things in your life that are keeping you from contentment.This may be for your own personal development or the support of a loved one, such as a child or a spouse. The goal of my work is to support families as a whole. I work individually with children, adults, and couples. My clients often enjoy the depth of our work that includes attention to practical solutions.
Welcome. You may have found your way here by beginning a search for support or change. But why therapy? My role is to help you highlight and eliminate the things in your life that are keeping you from contentment.This may be for your own personal development or the support of a loved one, such as a child or a spouse. The goal of my work is to support families as a whole. I work individually with children, adults, and couples. My clients often enjoy the depth of our work that includes attention to practical solutions.
(424) 722-6802 View (424) 722-6802
Photo of Delaviz L Eftekhar, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Santa Monica, CA
Delaviz L Eftekhar
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90403  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I view connection as a pathway to healing, and view the relationship between therapist and client as a conduit to making peace within yourself. I support clients navigating ADHD and executive challenges, LGBT identities, and complex trauma. Let’s collaborate on what healing looks like, living life on your own terms, and achieving wellness to engage meaningfully with your relationships and the issues you care about. In our sessions, we can look at your life through a holistic lens. We can understand how to bring forth your inner resilience and the resources around you to cultivate wellness in your day to day life.
I view connection as a pathway to healing, and view the relationship between therapist and client as a conduit to making peace within yourself. I support clients navigating ADHD and executive challenges, LGBT identities, and complex trauma. Let’s collaborate on what healing looks like, living life on your own terms, and achieving wellness to engage meaningfully with your relationships and the issues you care about. In our sessions, we can look at your life through a holistic lens. We can understand how to bring forth your inner resilience and the resources around you to cultivate wellness in your day to day life.
(424) 610-9221 View (424) 610-9221
Photo of Brittany Couture, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Santa Monica, CA
Brittany Couture
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, PsyD, AMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90403  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Dr. Brittany Couture. In my virtual therapy practice I welcome individuals and couples with sensitivity to diverse backgrounds and identities as well as all kinds of relationships. I am passionate about working with patients who struggle with anxiety, depression, relationships, motherhood, life transitions and those who are suffering from inner conflicts and/or life stressors. I specialize in anxiety and relationship counseling. I can help you create strong and healthy relationships and develop emotional connections.
Hi, I’m Dr. Brittany Couture. In my virtual therapy practice I welcome individuals and couples with sensitivity to diverse backgrounds and identities as well as all kinds of relationships. I am passionate about working with patients who struggle with anxiety, depression, relationships, motherhood, life transitions and those who are suffering from inner conflicts and/or life stressors. I specialize in anxiety and relationship counseling. I can help you create strong and healthy relationships and develop emotional connections.
(424) 239-1783 View (424) 239-1783
Photo of Jennifer Schmelzer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Jennifer Schmelzer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90403
Life is too short to live it feeling unsatisfied, confused, depleted and or powerless. Sometimes you can manage, but other times you want to turn to someone who will provide an compassionate, non-judgmental space for you to (re)connect with your deepest, most authentic self. Maybe you're in a relationship which feels stagnant, emotionally/physically disconnected or is burdened by accumulated hurts and betrayals, and you and your partner are seeking clarity, support and a new way of being either together or apart. Being skillful in relationships with others (and oneself) has become essential, and is central to our well being.
Life is too short to live it feeling unsatisfied, confused, depleted and or powerless. Sometimes you can manage, but other times you want to turn to someone who will provide an compassionate, non-judgmental space for you to (re)connect with your deepest, most authentic self. Maybe you're in a relationship which feels stagnant, emotionally/physically disconnected or is burdened by accumulated hurts and betrayals, and you and your partner are seeking clarity, support and a new way of being either together or apart. Being skillful in relationships with others (and oneself) has become essential, and is central to our well being.
(561) 766-4911 View (561) 766-4911
Photo of Clear Mind Treatment, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Clear Mind Treatment
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90404
This program contains an in-person component and a telemedicine component, but is ultimately tailored to meet your individual needs. Depending on your needs, this may consist of some combination of ketamine/esketamine, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, neurofeedback, group therapy (including couples and family therapy), individual therapy, mindfulness, and hypnotherapy. Note that while some of these modalities are optional, attending group therapy is an insurance-mandated requirement to attend our program.
This program contains an in-person component and a telemedicine component, but is ultimately tailored to meet your individual needs. Depending on your needs, this may consist of some combination of ketamine/esketamine, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, neurofeedback, group therapy (including couples and family therapy), individual therapy, mindfulness, and hypnotherapy. Note that while some of these modalities are optional, attending group therapy is an insurance-mandated requirement to attend our program.
(424) 328-5535 View (424) 328-5535
Photo of Karen Clay Beck, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Santa Monica, CA
Karen Clay Beck
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405  (Online Only)
My dedication to my clients comes from a well deep with purpose. I enjoy working with clients in the age range of 30-55 who are experiencing burnout and may feel emotionally and physically exhausted due to prolonged stress, demanding responsibilities, or dissatisfaction in various aspects of their lives. Going through a midlife crisis due to life transitions such as divorce, grief and loss or trauma, you might be questioning life choices, and seeking meaning or change in your personal or professional spheres. These situations can benefit from self-reflection, professional support and guidance.
My dedication to my clients comes from a well deep with purpose. I enjoy working with clients in the age range of 30-55 who are experiencing burnout and may feel emotionally and physically exhausted due to prolonged stress, demanding responsibilities, or dissatisfaction in various aspects of their lives. Going through a midlife crisis due to life transitions such as divorce, grief and loss or trauma, you might be questioning life choices, and seeking meaning or change in your personal or professional spheres. These situations can benefit from self-reflection, professional support and guidance.
(310) 807-1866 View (310) 807-1866
Photo of Shana Bujake, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Santa Monica, CA
Shana Bujake
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90402
As a therapist, I specialize in working with individuals and couples who have experienced trauma, including those who have suffered from narcissistic abuse, as well as those who are struggling with relationship issues. My approach is grounded in trauma-informed care, meaning that I prioritize creating a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment for my clients to explore and process their experiences. Additionally, I incorporate attachment theory to help clients understand and heal from attachment wounds. I also offer co-parenting classes to assist parents in navigating the challenges of raising children in separated families.
As a therapist, I specialize in working with individuals and couples who have experienced trauma, including those who have suffered from narcissistic abuse, as well as those who are struggling with relationship issues. My approach is grounded in trauma-informed care, meaning that I prioritize creating a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment for my clients to explore and process their experiences. Additionally, I incorporate attachment theory to help clients understand and heal from attachment wounds. I also offer co-parenting classes to assist parents in navigating the challenges of raising children in separated families.
(213) 725-2390 View (213) 725-2390
Photo of Eve Nadel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Eve Nadel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90403  (Online Only)
No one goes unscathed in this life, and sometimes we need help from a professional. My job is to provide a safe place to begin the path of psychotherapy. I have 26 years of experience providing psychotherapy to clients with a variety of challenges. I listen, provide support, empathize and care for my clients. Often we feel that we have not been heard or seen in a deep way. I aim to offer a different and corrective experience and help clients gain insight and change behaviors.
No one goes unscathed in this life, and sometimes we need help from a professional. My job is to provide a safe place to begin the path of psychotherapy. I have 26 years of experience providing psychotherapy to clients with a variety of challenges. I listen, provide support, empathize and care for my clients. Often we feel that we have not been heard or seen in a deep way. I aim to offer a different and corrective experience and help clients gain insight and change behaviors.
(424) 473-1531 View (424) 473-1531

See more therapy options for Santa Monica

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Santa Monica, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Santa Monica, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
66% Grief
65% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

58% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
42% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Santa Monica, CA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Santa Monica?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.