Therapists in Torrance, CA

View neighborhoods in Torrance
Photo of Gary Schapper, Marriage & Family Therapist in Torrance, CA
Gary Schapper
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MDiv, LMFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505  (Online Only)
Are your worried, rushed, easily losing your temper, crashing in hopelessness, and/or uncertain of who you are and what is your purpose in life? I use a mindfulness therapy that helps you to: 1) notice when unhelpful aspects of your past are presenting themselves in the present; 2) understand, notice, and temper all of your feelings; 3) create new stories in your life; 4) embrace love at its deepest levels; 5) improve relationships and communications in all areas of your life.
Are your worried, rushed, easily losing your temper, crashing in hopelessness, and/or uncertain of who you are and what is your purpose in life? I use a mindfulness therapy that helps you to: 1) notice when unhelpful aspects of your past are presenting themselves in the present; 2) understand, notice, and temper all of your feelings; 3) create new stories in your life; 4) embrace love at its deepest levels; 5) improve relationships and communications in all areas of your life.
(310) 879-5063 View (310) 879-5063
Photo of Megan Higinbotham, Psychologist in Torrance, CA
Megan Higinbotham
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Life can be filled with stress, challenges, and anxiety, and sometimes we need help navigating through it all. As a Licensed Psychologist, my passion is to walk through the challenges of life with my patients. I provide a safe, caring, and supportive environment for individuals to process through their struggles and gain insight as they grow to reach their mental health goals. I engage with each individual to build strong rapport while identifying their root issues and working together to improve their well-being.
Life can be filled with stress, challenges, and anxiety, and sometimes we need help navigating through it all. As a Licensed Psychologist, my passion is to walk through the challenges of life with my patients. I provide a safe, caring, and supportive environment for individuals to process through their struggles and gain insight as they grow to reach their mental health goals. I engage with each individual to build strong rapport while identifying their root issues and working together to improve their well-being.
(310) 620-1829 View (310) 620-1829
Photo of Dr. Carol Francis & Associates, Psychologist in Torrance, CA
Dr. Carol Francis & Associates
Psychologist, PsyD, MA, CHT, MFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90503
Stressed, unhappy, unfocused, unmotivated? A distant, angry relationship that was loving, romantic, or safe? Wish to improve your ability to focus, relax, not worry? Considering changes in your career, relationship? Confused by your marriage, by being new parents or by your child or teenager? Want to stop smoking with hypnosis? Wish you could like yourself, feel attractive, smart, energetic & successful? Feel stuck, blocked, uncertain, discouraged? Afraid of public speaking or socializing at work? Suffer awful abuse? Have you and your partner been fighting? Need to learn to solve problems in your team?
Stressed, unhappy, unfocused, unmotivated? A distant, angry relationship that was loving, romantic, or safe? Wish to improve your ability to focus, relax, not worry? Considering changes in your career, relationship? Confused by your marriage, by being new parents or by your child or teenager? Want to stop smoking with hypnosis? Wish you could like yourself, feel attractive, smart, energetic & successful? Feel stuck, blocked, uncertain, discouraged? Afraid of public speaking or socializing at work? Suffer awful abuse? Have you and your partner been fighting? Need to learn to solve problems in your team?
(310) 620-1719 View (310) 620-1719
Photo of Monica Ariana Jaquez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Torrance, CA
Monica Ariana Jaquez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90503
Not accepting new clients
Seeking help during difficult times can be a first step towards personal growth and healing. Talking with a professional in a safe and caring environment can help you navigate life's challenging experiences, as well as celebrate your successes and perseverance. Together, we can identify the best therapeutic approaches and solutions based on your personal goals. You will be empowered, motivated, and supported through this journey.
Seeking help during difficult times can be a first step towards personal growth and healing. Talking with a professional in a safe and caring environment can help you navigate life's challenging experiences, as well as celebrate your successes and perseverance. Together, we can identify the best therapeutic approaches and solutions based on your personal goals. You will be empowered, motivated, and supported through this journey.
(424) 239-6588 View (424) 239-6588
Photo of Lance Miller, Psychologist in Torrance, CA
Lance Miller
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90503
I believe in providing a supportive and empowering environment in which my clients can feel heard, safe, and confident that their needs are being met. The best therapists combine competent techniques with genuine empathy and connection to help you achieve the goals and outcome you desire. I work primarily with individuals or couples struggling with traumatic backgrounds, anxiety or depression, addiction, relationship problems, and personality disorders. I strive to ensure that the interaction I have with my clients is always honest, sincere, and compassionate yet effective.
I believe in providing a supportive and empowering environment in which my clients can feel heard, safe, and confident that their needs are being met. The best therapists combine competent techniques with genuine empathy and connection to help you achieve the goals and outcome you desire. I work primarily with individuals or couples struggling with traumatic backgrounds, anxiety or depression, addiction, relationship problems, and personality disorders. I strive to ensure that the interaction I have with my clients is always honest, sincere, and compassionate yet effective.
(424) 206-6742 View (424) 206-6742
Photo of Debra L Taylor, Marriage & Family Therapist in Torrance, CA
Debra L Taylor
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, CST
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90508
I offer online therapy to couples and individuals throughout California. I have training in several modes of couple therapy, sex therapy, trauma therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process. We will focus on your concerns, your struggles, and your goals. We will pinpoint areas you want or need to change and then we will develop a plan to move toward your goals, access your resources, acquire needed skills, and progress toward a healthier, more fulfilling life or relationship.
I offer online therapy to couples and individuals throughout California. I have training in several modes of couple therapy, sex therapy, trauma therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process. We will focus on your concerns, your struggles, and your goals. We will pinpoint areas you want or need to change and then we will develop a plan to move toward your goals, access your resources, acquire needed skills, and progress toward a healthier, more fulfilling life or relationship.
(310) 692-7884 View (310) 692-7884
Photo of Lisa Kozlowski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Torrance, CA
Lisa Kozlowski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90501
Hello, my name is Lisa Kozlowski. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I care about my clients and want to see them enjoy their life. You will receive an empathic straight forward therapy. You want understanding and healing? I am here to help you receive it. I can’t make you have it, but I will guide and teach you how to have it, but only you can do the work, and it takes practice. As a therapist I work with many different symptoms and diagnoses associated with emotional discomfort, discontent, substance abuse, CPS, traumas, PTSD, depression, anxiety, anger, burn out, marriage struggles, parenting, and more.
Hello, my name is Lisa Kozlowski. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I care about my clients and want to see them enjoy their life. You will receive an empathic straight forward therapy. You want understanding and healing? I am here to help you receive it. I can’t make you have it, but I will guide and teach you how to have it, but only you can do the work, and it takes practice. As a therapist I work with many different symptoms and diagnoses associated with emotional discomfort, discontent, substance abuse, CPS, traumas, PTSD, depression, anxiety, anger, burn out, marriage struggles, parenting, and more.
(424) 799-3476 View (424) 799-3476
Photo of Jennifer Kromberg, Psychologist in Torrance, CA
Jennifer Kromberg
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90505
Making the decision to seek therapy/counseling is often a difficult one. I offer a safe environment in which to explore different aspects of your struggle and the best way to assist you in deciding how you'd like to move forward. I work with adolescents and adults individually and with families and couples (marital therapy) who are struggling in many different areas.
Making the decision to seek therapy/counseling is often a difficult one. I offer a safe environment in which to explore different aspects of your struggle and the best way to assist you in deciding how you'd like to move forward. I work with adolescents and adults individually and with families and couples (marital therapy) who are struggling in many different areas.
(424) 229-2981 View (424) 229-2981
Photo of Joseph Buchman, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Torrance, CA
Joseph Buchman
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, JD
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Waitlist for new clients
Helping people achieve their goals is my passion. I want to help you to create the life and loving relationships you long for. The benefits of working with an older counselor are many. I’ve experienced both a loving, healthy marriage and a difficult, unsustainable one. I understand both and this understanding informs my work with couples and individuals experiencing difficulties in their relationships. I also know what it takes to have a successful career, and how to manage the stressors it places on you and your important relationships.
Helping people achieve their goals is my passion. I want to help you to create the life and loving relationships you long for. The benefits of working with an older counselor are many. I’ve experienced both a loving, healthy marriage and a difficult, unsustainable one. I understand both and this understanding informs my work with couples and individuals experiencing difficulties in their relationships. I also know what it takes to have a successful career, and how to manage the stressors it places on you and your important relationships.
(310) 564-1554 View (310) 564-1554
Photo of Diana Barrett, Marriage & Family Therapist in Torrance, CA
Diana Barrett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CHT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Are you feeling stressed, sad or stuck in any area of your life? Experiencing problems in your relationships, with your children, at work or socially? Difficult times require support to get through. I'm here to help! I focus on working with you in counseling from a holistic perspective (on the physical, mental, emotional & energetic level), to assist you in getting back in touch with your true self. It is my purpose to help you successfully navigate the tough times, reclaim your clarity, joy and balance, and achieve your goals. It's never too early or too late to get the support you need! Call or email us for your free consultation.
Are you feeling stressed, sad or stuck in any area of your life? Experiencing problems in your relationships, with your children, at work or socially? Difficult times require support to get through. I'm here to help! I focus on working with you in counseling from a holistic perspective (on the physical, mental, emotional & energetic level), to assist you in getting back in touch with your true self. It is my purpose to help you successfully navigate the tough times, reclaim your clarity, joy and balance, and achieve your goals. It's never too early or too late to get the support you need! Call or email us for your free consultation.
(747) 239-5377 View (747) 239-5377
Photo of Kim Glenn, Marriage & Family Therapist in Torrance, CA
Kim Glenn
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90505
Life post-college has left you feeling stuck. Maybe you're lonely and isolated . . . no thanks to the pandemic. Maybe your first job is super stressful, making you question if you're even in the right field to begin with. Or perhaps social anxiety is making it near-impossible to make friends. Whatever the reason, there's a disconnect between where you pictured yourself at this stage of life and your current reality.
Life post-college has left you feeling stuck. Maybe you're lonely and isolated . . . no thanks to the pandemic. Maybe your first job is super stressful, making you question if you're even in the right field to begin with. Or perhaps social anxiety is making it near-impossible to make friends. Whatever the reason, there's a disconnect between where you pictured yourself at this stage of life and your current reality.
(310) 742-1307 View (310) 742-1307
Photo of Helena Rosenberg, Marriage & Family Therapist in Torrance, CA
Helena Rosenberg
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Perhaps you desire more satisfying relationships. Or you long for an end to blue moods, constant worries, or food struggles. If so, I am here to help, both in person and on Zoom. Fortunately, your decision to seek counseling is a positive first step. In my practice, I teach individuals how to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety; guide couples toward more loving connections; help clients with eating challenges to accept themselves and manage harmful habits; and provide constructive feedback on career issues.
Perhaps you desire more satisfying relationships. Or you long for an end to blue moods, constant worries, or food struggles. If so, I am here to help, both in person and on Zoom. Fortunately, your decision to seek counseling is a positive first step. In my practice, I teach individuals how to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety; guide couples toward more loving connections; help clients with eating challenges to accept themselves and manage harmful habits; and provide constructive feedback on career issues.
(310) 361-2245 View (310) 361-2245
Photo of Karen R Corey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Torrance, CA
Karen R Corey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90505
Sometimes, when faced with many of life's challenges, we can find it difficult to reach out. Often fear or shame get in the way of asking for help. But there is hope. Working with a therapist, you can begin to feel validated and discover that you are not alone. Do you have a fear of abandonment or fear of intimacy? One or the other can mean you're either a Love Addict or Love Avoidant. I can teach you how to love yourself instead of looking for it in someone else, and bring down your walls and be relational.
Sometimes, when faced with many of life's challenges, we can find it difficult to reach out. Often fear or shame get in the way of asking for help. But there is hope. Working with a therapist, you can begin to feel validated and discover that you are not alone. Do you have a fear of abandonment or fear of intimacy? One or the other can mean you're either a Love Addict or Love Avoidant. I can teach you how to love yourself instead of looking for it in someone else, and bring down your walls and be relational.
(310) 499-2652 View (310) 499-2652
Photo of T.j. Vanmarter, Marriage & Family Therapist in Torrance, CA
T.j. Vanmarter
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, BCBA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90505
You've probably found this page because you feel "stuck" in life. Maybe you're a parent who is challenged by their child's unique behavioral, emotional or academic needs and want help navigating them. Perhaps you're entering a life transition, such as entering or exiting a romantic relationship, going to college, or getting a new job and want emotional support and validation. My goal is to help individuals, families and couples find insight into their challenges, cope through distressful situations, and, in effect, become their own therapist.
You've probably found this page because you feel "stuck" in life. Maybe you're a parent who is challenged by their child's unique behavioral, emotional or academic needs and want help navigating them. Perhaps you're entering a life transition, such as entering or exiting a romantic relationship, going to college, or getting a new job and want emotional support and validation. My goal is to help individuals, families and couples find insight into their challenges, cope through distressful situations, and, in effect, become their own therapist.
(424) 328-6440 View (424) 328-6440
Photo of Nicole Danielle Callella, Psychologist in Torrance, CA
Nicole Danielle Callella
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
As a psychologist, I allow the space for individuals to gain insight and growth in their lives that help them reach their goals and aspirations. We all encounter challenges, whether it be someone suffering from anxiety and depression, a family who just found out their child has a medical issue, a child with fears, or a teen who has been bullied. During these unfortunate times what is needed is someone to connect with and help you out of this dark cave of distress. One of my greatest strengths has been the ability to connect with others and reveal the ways through this emotional distress.
As a psychologist, I allow the space for individuals to gain insight and growth in their lives that help them reach their goals and aspirations. We all encounter challenges, whether it be someone suffering from anxiety and depression, a family who just found out their child has a medical issue, a child with fears, or a teen who has been bullied. During these unfortunate times what is needed is someone to connect with and help you out of this dark cave of distress. One of my greatest strengths has been the ability to connect with others and reveal the ways through this emotional distress.
(424) 218-9953 View (424) 218-9953
Photo of Grace Counseling Group, Associate Professional Clinical Counselor in Torrance, CA
Grace Counseling Group
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, APCC, PPS
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Seeking therapy can be an overwhelming experience. I am here to make the process a positive one for you. My goal is to help you resolve issues in a safe, nonjudgmental environment. I strive to meet each person where they are at on their journey and offer hope/support that will improve your quality of life . I incorporate biblical principles in my practice; I believe it is the foundational guide to true freedom.
Seeking therapy can be an overwhelming experience. I am here to make the process a positive one for you. My goal is to help you resolve issues in a safe, nonjudgmental environment. I strive to meet each person where they are at on their journey and offer hope/support that will improve your quality of life . I incorporate biblical principles in my practice; I believe it is the foundational guide to true freedom.
(310) 361-3214 View (310) 361-3214
Photo of Suzannah E Noch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Torrance, CA
Suzannah E Noch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
A lot of healing can happen in the context of a supportive and caring relationship. If you are struggling with issues such as anxiety, depression, marriage/relationship problems, parenting/family issues, painful life experiences or unhealthy habits, I consider it a privilege to walk that journey with you for a little while -- talking through feelings and circumstances, and helping you find a path toward change and healing. As a Christian, I believe that our emotional and spiritual sides are intertwined, and I incorporate Biblical principles in all aspects of the counseling.
A lot of healing can happen in the context of a supportive and caring relationship. If you are struggling with issues such as anxiety, depression, marriage/relationship problems, parenting/family issues, painful life experiences or unhealthy habits, I consider it a privilege to walk that journey with you for a little while -- talking through feelings and circumstances, and helping you find a path toward change and healing. As a Christian, I believe that our emotional and spiritual sides are intertwined, and I incorporate Biblical principles in all aspects of the counseling.
(310) 626-0756 View (310) 626-0756
Photo of Jamie Stern, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Torrance, CA
Jamie Stern
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Are you going through internal struggle due to trauma? Do you feel anxious and depressed about the future? Do you struggle with family issues and relationship issues? I’m willing to meet you where you are, help you process unwanted thoughts and emotions, and help develop an action plan to effectively cultivate your healing and growth. I’m here to help you explore unresolved feelings (anxiety, depression, anger, helplessness, grief, etc.) and develop skills to effectively cope with them. Thus, you can feel relieved and fulfilled in your relationship with yourself and others.
Are you going through internal struggle due to trauma? Do you feel anxious and depressed about the future? Do you struggle with family issues and relationship issues? I’m willing to meet you where you are, help you process unwanted thoughts and emotions, and help develop an action plan to effectively cultivate your healing and growth. I’m here to help you explore unresolved feelings (anxiety, depression, anger, helplessness, grief, etc.) and develop skills to effectively cope with them. Thus, you can feel relieved and fulfilled in your relationship with yourself and others.
(424) 232-0893 View (424) 232-0893
Photo of Nicole Logan, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Torrance, CA
Nicole Logan
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
I utilize a client centered approach in working with adolescents and adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, and life transitions. In a safe, supportive, and non judgemental space we can explore the negative patterns in your life, work through any barriers, and move towards healing, growth, and change.
I utilize a client centered approach in working with adolescents and adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, and life transitions. In a safe, supportive, and non judgemental space we can explore the negative patterns in your life, work through any barriers, and move towards healing, growth, and change.
(310) 362-5485 View (310) 362-5485
Photo of Laura Lyman, Psychologist in Torrance, CA
Laura Lyman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Not accepting new clients
My therapeutic work is tailored to your unique needs and honors the biological, psychological, sociological and spiritual aspects of life. I believe that our work together can help you achieve positive and meaningful change in the quality of your life. Psychotherapy can provide healing from traditional mental health concerns such as anxiety, depression or compulsive behaviors, but is also a powerful tool for growth as we face the many transitions and challenges in our lives. Some of my special interests include: Health Psychology (cancer chronic illness, disability) Relationship Issues, Grief (death, divorce, loss of job) and Spiritual Issues.
My therapeutic work is tailored to your unique needs and honors the biological, psychological, sociological and spiritual aspects of life. I believe that our work together can help you achieve positive and meaningful change in the quality of your life. Psychotherapy can provide healing from traditional mental health concerns such as anxiety, depression or compulsive behaviors, but is also a powerful tool for growth as we face the many transitions and challenges in our lives. Some of my special interests include: Health Psychology (cancer chronic illness, disability) Relationship Issues, Grief (death, divorce, loss of job) and Spiritual Issues.
(424) 226-4714 View (424) 226-4714

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Torrance, CA

600+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in Torrance, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Cigna and Evernorth
63% Aetna
59% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Torrance, CA see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Torrance?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.