Therapists in Toledo, OH

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Photo of William Barron, Psychologist in Toledo, OH
William Barron
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43623
Dr. Will Barron is a licensed clinical psychologist serving northwest Ohio. He earned his doctorate in clinical psychology from Denver University’s Graduate School of Professional Psychology. He provides individual psychotherapy for those experiencing low self-esteem, depression, obsessive worry and anxiety, grief and trauma, as well as couples therapy for those who are struggling with intimacy issues or problematic communication styles. Dr. Barron also has extensive experience in conducting assessments related to AD/HD, pre-employment and Fitness for Duty evaluations, forensic matters and personality disorders.
Dr. Will Barron is a licensed clinical psychologist serving northwest Ohio. He earned his doctorate in clinical psychology from Denver University’s Graduate School of Professional Psychology. He provides individual psychotherapy for those experiencing low self-esteem, depression, obsessive worry and anxiety, grief and trauma, as well as couples therapy for those who are struggling with intimacy issues or problematic communication styles. Dr. Barron also has extensive experience in conducting assessments related to AD/HD, pre-employment and Fitness for Duty evaluations, forensic matters and personality disorders.
(567) 242-0525 View (567) 242-0525
Photo of Bill Roman, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Bill Roman
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43606
You're a mid-career professional. Life is supposed to be pretty good. But it's not. There's a big gap. All you know is that what you've been doing isn't working. How do you get from here to where you really want to be?
You're a mid-career professional. Life is supposed to be pretty good. But it's not. There's a big gap. All you know is that what you've been doing isn't working. How do you get from here to where you really want to be?
(419) 785-8934 View (419) 785-8934
Photo of Amanda Dominique, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Toledo, OH
Amanda Dominique
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43606  (Online Only)
You are not a problem to be solved. In a warm, professional, and safe environment, I can help you learn to better handle your emotional or psychological pain with compassion while developing the skills and resources to make positive changes in your life. I utilize a nonjudgmental approach with open curiosity and evidence-based interventions to overcome obstacles and help you achieve a more fulfilling and satisfying life.
You are not a problem to be solved. In a warm, professional, and safe environment, I can help you learn to better handle your emotional or psychological pain with compassion while developing the skills and resources to make positive changes in your life. I utilize a nonjudgmental approach with open curiosity and evidence-based interventions to overcome obstacles and help you achieve a more fulfilling and satisfying life.
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Photo of Martin R Nowak, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Martin R Nowak
Counselor, MEd, LPCC-S, CAMSIII, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43615
Waitlist for new clients
Life happens. Let’s talk. As a licensed professional clinical counselor (and supervisor) and certified anger management specialist, I am here to work with you on navigating the challenges that life presents. Together we will find solutions to problems and develop your unique personal skills and abilities that will allow for growth, healing and reaching your full potential. My goals are to provide an interactive setting for you to explore and gain insight into yourself and others, develop and strengthen your emotional resilience and constructing a practical plan to help you address the unforeseen difficulties that life provides.
Life happens. Let’s talk. As a licensed professional clinical counselor (and supervisor) and certified anger management specialist, I am here to work with you on navigating the challenges that life presents. Together we will find solutions to problems and develop your unique personal skills and abilities that will allow for growth, healing and reaching your full potential. My goals are to provide an interactive setting for you to explore and gain insight into yourself and others, develop and strengthen your emotional resilience and constructing a practical plan to help you address the unforeseen difficulties that life provides.
(567) 236-8362 View (567) 236-8362
Photo of Michael D Sell, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Michael D Sell
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43617
I believe that no matter your current station in life that each person can improve on wherever they are at. As a therapist I like to meet people where they are at and help them to build tangible goals and subsequent structures to succeed in whatever they hope to achieve.
I believe that no matter your current station in life that each person can improve on wherever they are at. As a therapist I like to meet people where they are at and help them to build tangible goals and subsequent structures to succeed in whatever they hope to achieve.
(419) 500-4135 View (419) 500-4135
Photo of Kiersten Misra, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toledo, OH
Kiersten Misra
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43606
Life can feel overwhelming at times but having a support person to guide you through this can have a positive impact on your life. I see therapy as an opportunity to collaborate with patients to identify how to move through struggles to get to a better place and be their best selves. My approach is direct but compassionate and I use strengths-based interventions. I offer a safe and judgment-free space to process through struggles and help you get the most out of your treatment. This journey is not always easy but having a therapist to support and guide you can make the journey a bit easier and not feel so alone.
Life can feel overwhelming at times but having a support person to guide you through this can have a positive impact on your life. I see therapy as an opportunity to collaborate with patients to identify how to move through struggles to get to a better place and be their best selves. My approach is direct but compassionate and I use strengths-based interventions. I offer a safe and judgment-free space to process through struggles and help you get the most out of your treatment. This journey is not always easy but having a therapist to support and guide you can make the journey a bit easier and not feel so alone.
(567) 278-9226 View (567) 278-9226
Photo of Wendy Nathan, LPCC-S & Wellness Coaching, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Wendy Nathan, LPCC-S & Wellness Coaching
Counselor, MS, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43606
I have appointments available right now to see my well-trained, friendly, and empathic interns. I oversee all cases and I can work directly with you if you are interested in receiving EMDR therapy. We are able to provide you the personal care and expertise to work through your concerns. We specialize in anxiety and depression, as well as trauma, grief, relationship issues, reconciliation work, couples therapy, and the LGBTQAI+ community. We also run a support group for older transgender women. Our approach is unique and based on a blend of many theories that bring you the outcomes you desire to achieve. Give us a call!
I have appointments available right now to see my well-trained, friendly, and empathic interns. I oversee all cases and I can work directly with you if you are interested in receiving EMDR therapy. We are able to provide you the personal care and expertise to work through your concerns. We specialize in anxiety and depression, as well as trauma, grief, relationship issues, reconciliation work, couples therapy, and the LGBTQAI+ community. We also run a support group for older transgender women. Our approach is unique and based on a blend of many theories that bring you the outcomes you desire to achieve. Give us a call!
(419) 963-4759 View (419) 963-4759
Photo of Courtney Howell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toledo, OH
Courtney Howell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43606
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in working with children ages 5-16 years old, and I offer evening appointments. Whether your child is "acting out" at school or home, experiencing anxiety symptoms or panic attacks, exploring their identity or sexuality, or going through significant life changes, I would love to help them work through it! As adults, life has a way of presenting us with challenges that would seem nearly impossible to overcome. These factors impact our thoughts, feelings and often change our daily routines and behavior outside of our norm, making it difficult to find our internal peace. I have found these same adversities in kids.
I specialize in working with children ages 5-16 years old, and I offer evening appointments. Whether your child is "acting out" at school or home, experiencing anxiety symptoms or panic attacks, exploring their identity or sexuality, or going through significant life changes, I would love to help them work through it! As adults, life has a way of presenting us with challenges that would seem nearly impossible to overcome. These factors impact our thoughts, feelings and often change our daily routines and behavior outside of our norm, making it difficult to find our internal peace. I have found these same adversities in kids.
(419) 597-5528 View (419) 597-5528
Photo of Mindfully - Toledo, OH, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Mindfully - Toledo, OH
Counselor, MA, LPCC, LISW, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43623
At Mindfully, we are dedicated to helping our clients heal, grow, and thrive. We focus on matching clients with providers who specialize in the challenges they are facing. By providing the best fit from the start, we help our clients meet their goals with greater success and our providers find deeper fulfillment in their work.
At Mindfully, we are dedicated to helping our clients heal, grow, and thrive. We focus on matching clients with providers who specialize in the challenges they are facing. By providing the best fit from the start, we help our clients meet their goals with greater success and our providers find deeper fulfillment in their work.
(419) 664-6690 View (419) 664-6690
Photo of Bridget Schwirzinski, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Bridget Schwirzinski
Counselor, MA, LSW, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43623
“Therapy is too good to be limited to the sick” – Erving Polster. Every individual has a story that needs to be told or listened to. My mindful approach, is to help others write their stories. Then with compassion and assertiveness help those change or continue their story. I have familiarity working with adults, individuals with chronic illnesses, first responders, teenagers with chronic illness, SPMI population, trauma, complex trauma, depression, anxiety, support during life transitions, chronic illnesses, individuals with dual diagnosis (not in active use), relationship upset, emotional dysregulation and stress management.
“Therapy is too good to be limited to the sick” – Erving Polster. Every individual has a story that needs to be told or listened to. My mindful approach, is to help others write their stories. Then with compassion and assertiveness help those change or continue their story. I have familiarity working with adults, individuals with chronic illnesses, first responders, teenagers with chronic illness, SPMI population, trauma, complex trauma, depression, anxiety, support during life transitions, chronic illnesses, individuals with dual diagnosis (not in active use), relationship upset, emotional dysregulation and stress management.
(419) 731-6159 View (419) 731-6159
Photo of Sarah Erd, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Sarah Erd
Counselor, LPCC-S, RPT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43606
Children face their own dilemmas. Which can make them feel overwhelmed, frustrated, impulsive, or anxious and act out. I use a child's natural language of play to explore these feelings with them and their families. I believe that the best therapy and care comes from a safe, trusting and nurturing environment and relationship. I am here to help your child and family learn to heal from traumatic events and everyday stressors. I have completed education and training to be a credentialed Registered Play Therapist. I received my MA in Community Counseling from Siena Heights, in 2010.
Children face their own dilemmas. Which can make them feel overwhelmed, frustrated, impulsive, or anxious and act out. I use a child's natural language of play to explore these feelings with them and their families. I believe that the best therapy and care comes from a safe, trusting and nurturing environment and relationship. I am here to help your child and family learn to heal from traumatic events and everyday stressors. I have completed education and training to be a credentialed Registered Play Therapist. I received my MA in Community Counseling from Siena Heights, in 2010.
(567) 236-8264 View (567) 236-8264
Photo of Courtney B May, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toledo, OH
Courtney B May
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43606  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Imagine entering a space where you are free to be your genuine self, flaws and all. A space where you are truly seen, heard, and understood. I consider it an honor to enter this space with my clients and join them on the path of true healing. My experience and specialized trainings in grief, trauma, and family systems allow me to help you manage your current daily struggles and find a healthy balance in relationships. Beyond this I can also help you discover the true roots of your discomfort by working with you to unpack your history and heal stored pain and grief.
Imagine entering a space where you are free to be your genuine self, flaws and all. A space where you are truly seen, heard, and understood. I consider it an honor to enter this space with my clients and join them on the path of true healing. My experience and specialized trainings in grief, trauma, and family systems allow me to help you manage your current daily struggles and find a healthy balance in relationships. Beyond this I can also help you discover the true roots of your discomfort by working with you to unpack your history and heal stored pain and grief.
(419) 451-4436 View (419) 451-4436
Photo of Jason M Torof, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Jason M Torof
Counselor, LPCC, MS, EdS
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43615
So many of us suffer from a variety of issues, including depression, anxiety, grief, PTSD, mood swings, suicidal thoughts and more. I want people want to feel better and to ENJOY their lives. Symptoms that accompany these issues will stop us from experiencing that joy. I want to help you overcome the challenges in your life, so you can get back to LIVING your life. You deserve to have meaningful relationships, create memories, and feel at peace with yourself.
So many of us suffer from a variety of issues, including depression, anxiety, grief, PTSD, mood swings, suicidal thoughts and more. I want people want to feel better and to ENJOY their lives. Symptoms that accompany these issues will stop us from experiencing that joy. I want to help you overcome the challenges in your life, so you can get back to LIVING your life. You deserve to have meaningful relationships, create memories, and feel at peace with yourself.
(419) 451-4178 View (419) 451-4178
Photo of Meshelle R Lesner, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Meshelle R Lesner
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43606  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working with diverse clients with a wide variety of difficulties. The most common issues I work with are depression, trauma, and helping people have a life worth living no matter what their circumstances. I am certified in Cognitive Processing Therapy for Trauma, am experienced in using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy with both individuals and groups, am a part of the LGBTQ+ community and familiar with the WPATH standards. Over twenty years experience working in the Developmental Disabilities community has shaped my belief that one size does not fit all and that everyone has their own way of being their best self.
I enjoy working with diverse clients with a wide variety of difficulties. The most common issues I work with are depression, trauma, and helping people have a life worth living no matter what their circumstances. I am certified in Cognitive Processing Therapy for Trauma, am experienced in using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy with both individuals and groups, am a part of the LGBTQ+ community and familiar with the WPATH standards. Over twenty years experience working in the Developmental Disabilities community has shaped my belief that one size does not fit all and that everyone has their own way of being their best self.
(567) 298-6286 View (567) 298-6286
Photo of Marlene Dolinar, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Marlene Dolinar
Counselor, MA, LPCC, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43606
As a play therapist and counselor, I reach children and adults using a variety of techniques including the natural language of play. I am amazed to see the transformation people can make through the power of play, sandtray and expressive therapies. I am a Registered Play Therapist by the Association for Play Therapy and a certified Autplay Provider (Autism Play Therapy). I am currently the owner and founder of Mending Hearts Counseling Center. I provide mental health counseling and play therapy services to children, adolescents and adults. In my free time I enjoy camping, traveling, and spending time with my family.
As a play therapist and counselor, I reach children and adults using a variety of techniques including the natural language of play. I am amazed to see the transformation people can make through the power of play, sandtray and expressive therapies. I am a Registered Play Therapist by the Association for Play Therapy and a certified Autplay Provider (Autism Play Therapy). I am currently the owner and founder of Mending Hearts Counseling Center. I provide mental health counseling and play therapy services to children, adolescents and adults. In my free time I enjoy camping, traveling, and spending time with my family.
(567) 278-9758 View (567) 278-9758
Photo of Jessica Conrad, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Jessica Conrad
Counselor, LPCC, MAC
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43609  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome to Shattered Into One. My name is Jessica Conrad and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who believes that the powerful transformation of mind, body, and spirit begins with faith. Faith is the assurance of things hoped for and the conviction of things unseen. If you've gone through anything that has left you feeling shattered, you may have lost your ability to trust due to abuse, neglect, rejection, betrayal, or some other form of trauma. This may have led to feelings of guilt and shame, anxiety, depression, apathy, anger, or even worthlessness. If this sounds like you, you've come to the right place!
Hello and welcome to Shattered Into One. My name is Jessica Conrad and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who believes that the powerful transformation of mind, body, and spirit begins with faith. Faith is the assurance of things hoped for and the conviction of things unseen. If you've gone through anything that has left you feeling shattered, you may have lost your ability to trust due to abuse, neglect, rejection, betrayal, or some other form of trauma. This may have led to feelings of guilt and shame, anxiety, depression, apathy, anger, or even worthlessness. If this sounds like you, you've come to the right place!
(734) 234-2116 View (734) 234-2116
Photo of Cathy Smith, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Cathy Smith
Counselor, MSc, LPC
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43606
Life can be challenging! Your pain does not define you or own you. Let me help you to find abilities that will lead to a meaningful and joyful life. Together we will explore your story, at your pace, as I serve as a guide and support on your journey to growth, healing, and wellness. We will honor you as a unique individual with unique needs and create a treatment plan specific to you and what is best for you. As a licensed counselor, I will introduce you to valuable tools and practices that are based on scientific research and proven therapies to directly address the challenges that may have hindered you from living your best life.
Life can be challenging! Your pain does not define you or own you. Let me help you to find abilities that will lead to a meaningful and joyful life. Together we will explore your story, at your pace, as I serve as a guide and support on your journey to growth, healing, and wellness. We will honor you as a unique individual with unique needs and create a treatment plan specific to you and what is best for you. As a licensed counselor, I will introduce you to valuable tools and practices that are based on scientific research and proven therapies to directly address the challenges that may have hindered you from living your best life.
(419) 963-4275 View (419) 963-4275
Photo of Melanie Weast, Licensed Professional Counselor in Toledo, OH
Melanie Weast
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43623  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I have clinical experience working with adult individuals experiencing varying levels of trauma, grief, anxiety, and depression. My aim is to serve as an advocate for clients and foster an environment of empowerment. My goal is for client’s to increase their emotional and mental wellness while developing healthy coping skills. Each client’s experience is different, which requires a holistic view of identity intersection, cultural backgrounds, family history, and systemic influences. I strive to provide a safe non-judgmental environment that allows clients to comfortably share their thoughts
I have clinical experience working with adult individuals experiencing varying levels of trauma, grief, anxiety, and depression. My aim is to serve as an advocate for clients and foster an environment of empowerment. My goal is for client’s to increase their emotional and mental wellness while developing healthy coping skills. Each client’s experience is different, which requires a holistic view of identity intersection, cultural backgrounds, family history, and systemic influences. I strive to provide a safe non-judgmental environment that allows clients to comfortably share their thoughts
(419) 863-2398 View (419) 863-2398
Photo of Victoria Boraggina, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Victoria Boraggina
Counselor, MAC, MCJ, LPCC
Verified Verified
Toledo, OH 43606
The journey through life can be challenging and lonely at times. Your sight becomes blurred and you search for answers. Let me take your hand and walk with you. I specialize in trauma, LGBTIQ issues, abuse, and narcissistic abuse. I offer support groups for depression, narcissistic abuse, and teen support groups. The first step is often the most difficult but hope is on the horizon.
The journey through life can be challenging and lonely at times. Your sight becomes blurred and you search for answers. Let me take your hand and walk with you. I specialize in trauma, LGBTIQ issues, abuse, and narcissistic abuse. I offer support groups for depression, narcissistic abuse, and teen support groups. The first step is often the most difficult but hope is on the horizon.
(567) 226-3432 View (567) 226-3432
Photo of Sara Whiteside, Counselor in Toledo, OH
Sara Whiteside
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43623
Exploring our thoughts and emotions can be an intimidating journey, but I hope to provide you with a calming, understanding, and encouraging environment to make this experience as fulfilling as possible. Everyone around me inspires me, including my clients. As a clinician, I feel privileged to witness my clients journeys. I am motivated by others and the world around me and I let this positive energy direct me as a clinical mental health counselor. I draw from previous clinical experiences, which include working with victims of domestic violence and sexual assault, and those struggling with significant trauma responses.
Exploring our thoughts and emotions can be an intimidating journey, but I hope to provide you with a calming, understanding, and encouraging environment to make this experience as fulfilling as possible. Everyone around me inspires me, including my clients. As a clinician, I feel privileged to witness my clients journeys. I am motivated by others and the world around me and I let this positive energy direct me as a clinical mental health counselor. I draw from previous clinical experiences, which include working with victims of domestic violence and sexual assault, and those struggling with significant trauma responses.
(419) 752-9392 View (419) 752-9392

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Toledo, OH

300+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Toledo, OH who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
89% Depression
82% Self Esteem
76% Trauma and PTSD
73% Relationship Issues
73% Stress
71% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Medical Mutual
73% Aetna
70% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Toledo, OH see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Toledo?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.