Therapists in Cincinnati, OH

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Jennifer Saporito
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45236
Jennifer Saporito has more than 25 years of experience asa clinical and medical social worker. Her work at the Cleveland Clinic for more than 20 years included service on the internal medicine, liver transplant and both child/adolescent and adult psychiatric inpatient units, as well as at the Center for SpecializedWomen's Health. She specializes in treating women coping with mood issues, life changes, menopause, abuse, and grief and loss. She holds abachelor's degree from the University of Michigan and her master's degree in social work from Case Western Reserve University.
Jennifer Saporito has more than 25 years of experience asa clinical and medical social worker. Her work at the Cleveland Clinic for more than 20 years included service on the internal medicine, liver transplant and both child/adolescent and adult psychiatric inpatient units, as well as at the Center for SpecializedWomen's Health. She specializes in treating women coping with mood issues, life changes, menopause, abuse, and grief and loss. She holds abachelor's degree from the University of Michigan and her master's degree in social work from Case Western Reserve University.
(513) 647-1548 View (513) 647-1548
Photo of Tiara Bell, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Tiara Bell
Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45255
When a client opens their "book of life" and shares their story with me, it is an honor. My style of counseling is listening instead of hearing. I will be my authentic self while advocating for your inner thoughts and feelings to be expressed. I will provide a safe place for you to be free and open as you are the author of your story.
When a client opens their "book of life" and shares their story with me, it is an honor. My style of counseling is listening instead of hearing. I will be my authentic self while advocating for your inner thoughts and feelings to be expressed. I will provide a safe place for you to be free and open as you are the author of your story.
(513) 960-4120 View (513) 960-4120
Photo of Heather Everett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Heather Everett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45243  (Online Only)
Change is difficult and often scary, but it only takes one small step to get started on a path that can change your life. I provide a safe environment to start working on difficult issues that have held you back from living life to it's full potential. I have almost twenty years of experience working with a broad spectrum of clients, including children, adolescents, and adults. Some of the therapy modalities I use include Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Trauma Informed Care.
Change is difficult and often scary, but it only takes one small step to get started on a path that can change your life. I provide a safe environment to start working on difficult issues that have held you back from living life to it's full potential. I have almost twenty years of experience working with a broad spectrum of clients, including children, adolescents, and adults. Some of the therapy modalities I use include Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Trauma Informed Care.
(513) 434-3768 View (513) 434-3768
Photo of Dionne Smith, Psychologist in Cincinnati, OH
Dionne Smith
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45202  (Online Only)
My role is to provide non-judgmental, honest, compassionate support and science-based and results-focused guidance on this journey of discovery and healing. Having benefitted from therapy myself, I understand the importance of finding a therapist that you feel comfortable with and trust.
My role is to provide non-judgmental, honest, compassionate support and science-based and results-focused guidance on this journey of discovery and healing. Having benefitted from therapy myself, I understand the importance of finding a therapist that you feel comfortable with and trust.
(513) 901-4568 View (513) 901-4568
Photo of Shellina N Borgman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Shellina N Borgman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45255
Clients that choose to work with me can expect a counselor that is invested in their healing process, a counselor that offers empathetic understanding of issues and events in their life, and someone who provides and safe place to voice and process their emotions.
Clients that choose to work with me can expect a counselor that is invested in their healing process, a counselor that offers empathetic understanding of issues and events in their life, and someone who provides and safe place to voice and process their emotions.
(513) 953-4611 View (513) 953-4611
Photo of Joseph K Roberts | Solace Counseling Services Of Ohio, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Joseph K Roberts | Solace Counseling Services Of Ohio
Marriage & Family Therapist, MAMFT, IMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45244
Do you ever feel like you’ve lost the map to your own life? On the outside, does it appear you’ve got it all together, but on the inside, do you feel like you're coming apart? 
Are you exhausted from the emotional labor of your relationships? Do you struggle to maintain close connections? Does it seem like nobody really understands you? Are you feeling so overwhelmed that you just want to numb yourself? Have your coping mechanisms become unhealthy habits? You’ve come to the right place. At Solace Counseling Services, I believe the answers lie within, waiting to be uncovered.
Do you ever feel like you’ve lost the map to your own life? On the outside, does it appear you’ve got it all together, but on the inside, do you feel like you're coming apart? 
Are you exhausted from the emotional labor of your relationships? Do you struggle to maintain close connections? Does it seem like nobody really understands you? Are you feeling so overwhelmed that you just want to numb yourself? Have your coping mechanisms become unhealthy habits? You’ve come to the right place. At Solace Counseling Services, I believe the answers lie within, waiting to be uncovered.
(513) 960-6926 View (513) 960-6926
Photo of Heike Wilson, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Heike Wilson
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45202  (Online Only)
I am a licensed professional clinical counselor with 10 years of experience. I have experience working with a variety of individuals and families and specialize in children, adolescents, and young adults. I specialize in treating those with a variety of presenting problems including anxiety, trauma, behavior concerns, ADHD, and more. I use a collaborative approach where I believe the client is the focus of the work we do together. Using a variety of techniques, I will meet you where you are and work with you to meet your goals.
I am a licensed professional clinical counselor with 10 years of experience. I have experience working with a variety of individuals and families and specialize in children, adolescents, and young adults. I specialize in treating those with a variety of presenting problems including anxiety, trauma, behavior concerns, ADHD, and more. I use a collaborative approach where I believe the client is the focus of the work we do together. Using a variety of techniques, I will meet you where you are and work with you to meet your goals.
(513) 434-1952 View (513) 434-1952
Photo of Steven D Nichols, Psychologist in Cincinnati, OH
Steven D Nichols
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45226
To me, at the core of psychotherapy, is creating a working alliance with the client in a safe, perfection-free, and respectful environment. I help individuals better understand their internal emotional worlds, learn more about why they do the things they do, help them to decide for themselves what changes they would like to make in their lives, and give them guidance and support in how to do so.
To me, at the core of psychotherapy, is creating a working alliance with the client in a safe, perfection-free, and respectful environment. I help individuals better understand their internal emotional worlds, learn more about why they do the things they do, help them to decide for themselves what changes they would like to make in their lives, and give them guidance and support in how to do so.
(513) 312-2203 View (513) 312-2203
Photo of Carmelisa Mindrum, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Carmelisa Mindrum
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45202  (Online Only)
When I work with you as a client, my goal is to help you see the beauty and power within yourself and establish a stable sense of self-worth. You are not alone in your mental health journey. I will help you process your thoughts, feelings, experiences, and memories. I have experience working with adults experiencing trauma, mood disorders, anxiety, and borderline personality disorder. I also work with individuals struggling with grief, life transitions, and relationships, among other concerns. I believe that our work together is a collaborative process that is guided by your wishes and goals.
When I work with you as a client, my goal is to help you see the beauty and power within yourself and establish a stable sense of self-worth. You are not alone in your mental health journey. I will help you process your thoughts, feelings, experiences, and memories. I have experience working with adults experiencing trauma, mood disorders, anxiety, and borderline personality disorder. I also work with individuals struggling with grief, life transitions, and relationships, among other concerns. I believe that our work together is a collaborative process that is guided by your wishes and goals.
(513) 796-7797 View (513) 796-7797
Photo of Psychotherapy by Stella, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Psychotherapy by Stella, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CST
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45243  (Online Only)
Making the first call is sometimes the hardest part of the therapeutic process. I commend you for your strength and courage in seeking help. One of the most important steps of pursuing counseling is finding a passionate, knowledgeable, and trusting therapist that you feel comfortable with. One that will sit with you through your difficult moments and help you to recognize or remind you of your strength. If a mood disorder is taking control of your life, I can help you to learn how to manage it. ​If you are experiencing challenges with your significant other(s) I can help you to improve the connection, understanding, and intimacy.
Making the first call is sometimes the hardest part of the therapeutic process. I commend you for your strength and courage in seeking help. One of the most important steps of pursuing counseling is finding a passionate, knowledgeable, and trusting therapist that you feel comfortable with. One that will sit with you through your difficult moments and help you to recognize or remind you of your strength. If a mood disorder is taking control of your life, I can help you to learn how to manage it. ​If you are experiencing challenges with your significant other(s) I can help you to improve the connection, understanding, and intimacy.
(513) 854-1443 View (513) 854-1443
Photo of Eric Chang, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Eric Chang
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MDiv, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45219
Waitlist for new clients
"Helping You Do Life Better." We all face difficult times in our journey of life when we find ourselves feeling lost, stuck, confused, and/or alone because of our struggles with emotional and mental health. Counseling can help you do life better in the following ways: (1) increase self-awareness, self-acceptance, and self-love; (2) discover internal strengths; (3) recover and rediscover the person who you are meant to be; (4) find healing and restoration you long for. My clients that have found the most success in these areas are those who are willing to invest in themselves and do the work between sessions.
"Helping You Do Life Better." We all face difficult times in our journey of life when we find ourselves feeling lost, stuck, confused, and/or alone because of our struggles with emotional and mental health. Counseling can help you do life better in the following ways: (1) increase self-awareness, self-acceptance, and self-love; (2) discover internal strengths; (3) recover and rediscover the person who you are meant to be; (4) find healing and restoration you long for. My clients that have found the most success in these areas are those who are willing to invest in themselves and do the work between sessions.
(513) 854-8877 View (513) 854-8877
Photo of Javier Robledo Rivera, Psychologist in Cincinnati, OH
Javier Robledo Rivera
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45236
Javier Robledo Rivera (he/they) is a queer, Boricua, Spanish and English-speaking Psychologist in Ohio who has been practicing since 2021. They hold a doctoral degree in Clinical Psychology from Albizu University of Puerto Rico and additional training in Gottman Method Couple’s Therapy, Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy, and Gender, Kink and Polyamory Affirming Care. Javier utilizes a relational and constructivist approach to therapy incorporating feminist, emotion focused, affirmative, and social justice practices to accompany clients.
Javier Robledo Rivera (he/they) is a queer, Boricua, Spanish and English-speaking Psychologist in Ohio who has been practicing since 2021. They hold a doctoral degree in Clinical Psychology from Albizu University of Puerto Rico and additional training in Gottman Method Couple’s Therapy, Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy, and Gender, Kink and Polyamory Affirming Care. Javier utilizes a relational and constructivist approach to therapy incorporating feminist, emotion focused, affirmative, and social justice practices to accompany clients.
(513) 548-3927 View (513) 548-3927
Photo of Marcia Kostoff, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Marcia Kostoff
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC, CRC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45202  (Online Only)
Welcome! Do you notice feeling overwhelmed or just not like yourself? Are you working to overcome trauma or compassion fatigue? My name is Marcia Kostoff and I am excited for the opportunity to meet with you. Stress and anxiety, while normal parts of life, can quickly leave us feeling overwhelmed, our thoughts stuck on what-ifs or worst-case scenarios and unsure where to turn. Changes in jobs, moving, family stressors and loss are just some of the obstacles we face where we may notice our stress rise and need some support. You are in the right place. Together, I work with you to develop skills you can use in therapy and beyond.
Welcome! Do you notice feeling overwhelmed or just not like yourself? Are you working to overcome trauma or compassion fatigue? My name is Marcia Kostoff and I am excited for the opportunity to meet with you. Stress and anxiety, while normal parts of life, can quickly leave us feeling overwhelmed, our thoughts stuck on what-ifs or worst-case scenarios and unsure where to turn. Changes in jobs, moving, family stressors and loss are just some of the obstacles we face where we may notice our stress rise and need some support. You are in the right place. Together, I work with you to develop skills you can use in therapy and beyond.
(513) 643-1136 View (513) 643-1136
Photo of Macey Windley, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Macey Windley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45208
Have you ever felt like an imposter in school, work, or your relationships? Do you constantly live with the fear of being "found out"? What about striving for perfection in all aspects of your life? I know exactly what you're feeling: the never-ending cycle of self-criticism and anxiety. Navigating perfectionism-driven anxiety can be terrifying, and I don't want you to have to suffer this anymore. Holistic practices and Cognitive-Behavioral approaches can help reduce this anxiety tremendously.
Have you ever felt like an imposter in school, work, or your relationships? Do you constantly live with the fear of being "found out"? What about striving for perfection in all aspects of your life? I know exactly what you're feeling: the never-ending cycle of self-criticism and anxiety. Navigating perfectionism-driven anxiety can be terrifying, and I don't want you to have to suffer this anymore. Holistic practices and Cognitive-Behavioral approaches can help reduce this anxiety tremendously.
(513) 845-2302 View (513) 845-2302
Photo of Priscilla Peters, LLC, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Priscilla Peters, LLC
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45242
Working with Individuals, Couples and Families around a variety of issues is a gift and an honor. Seeking professional help takes courage and strength and is a choice that I deeply respect. While some clients are struggling with long-term issues that are affecting their daily lives, others are seeking a confidential space to talk through a specific relationship issue or difficult life stage. Regardless of the issue, my goal is to work cooperatively with clients to help facilitate their personal, emotional, physical and spiritual growth. My goal is for clients to leave my office feeling respected, heard, understood, & empowered.
Working with Individuals, Couples and Families around a variety of issues is a gift and an honor. Seeking professional help takes courage and strength and is a choice that I deeply respect. While some clients are struggling with long-term issues that are affecting their daily lives, others are seeking a confidential space to talk through a specific relationship issue or difficult life stage. Regardless of the issue, my goal is to work cooperatively with clients to help facilitate their personal, emotional, physical and spiritual growth. My goal is for clients to leave my office feeling respected, heard, understood, & empowered.
(513) 285-6531 View (513) 285-6531
Photo of Dwonna D. Thompson-Lenoir, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Dwonna D. Thompson-Lenoir
Counselor, PsyD, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45242
I am committed to helping people find the strength inside of them to triumph in relationships, overall functioning and living a balanced life. I have worked with young children, adolescents, adults, family and specialized groups. Clients have presented with issues such as anxiety, depression, communication problems, marital concerns, parenting, ADHD, eating disorders, grief/loss, self-injury and social skills development. I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy. I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship helping drive individuals and families to reach their full potential and live a life void of unresolved issues.
I am committed to helping people find the strength inside of them to triumph in relationships, overall functioning and living a balanced life. I have worked with young children, adolescents, adults, family and specialized groups. Clients have presented with issues such as anxiety, depression, communication problems, marital concerns, parenting, ADHD, eating disorders, grief/loss, self-injury and social skills development. I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy. I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship helping drive individuals and families to reach their full potential and live a life void of unresolved issues.
(513) 276-4008 View (513) 276-4008
Photo of Margaret Josephson Rinck, Psychologist in Cincinnati, OH
Margaret Josephson Rinck
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45208
Margaret Josephson Rinck, Ed.D. specializes in helping people with depression, anxiety, addiction, abuse and codependency. In 2009 she was honored with the "Be The Scream" award, given by Connections: A Safe Place, in recognition of her lifetime work with childhood sexual abuse victims. A graduate of the University of Cincinnati, Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary, and Gordon College, Dr. Rinck is an author, psychologist, and a retired college professor. One of her new offerings is "Intensives" which are 2-3 day treatment programs, for those who need deeper treatment in a short time.
Margaret Josephson Rinck, Ed.D. specializes in helping people with depression, anxiety, addiction, abuse and codependency. In 2009 she was honored with the "Be The Scream" award, given by Connections: A Safe Place, in recognition of her lifetime work with childhood sexual abuse victims. A graduate of the University of Cincinnati, Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary, and Gordon College, Dr. Rinck is an author, psychologist, and a retired college professor. One of her new offerings is "Intensives" which are 2-3 day treatment programs, for those who need deeper treatment in a short time.
(513) 823-9040 View (513) 823-9040
Photo of Mary Ann Burg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Mary Ann Burg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45223  (Online Only)
Therapy should be accessible to everyone, regardless of race, ethnicity, age, gender preference, trauma history, mental or physical health challenges or income. That is why I keep my fees low. Psychotherapy can help you move through difficult times and losses. It can help you identify your personal barriers to change and help you develop tools to enhance your future. I can see clients by telehealth in both Ohio and Florida.
Therapy should be accessible to everyone, regardless of race, ethnicity, age, gender preference, trauma history, mental or physical health challenges or income. That is why I keep my fees low. Psychotherapy can help you move through difficult times and losses. It can help you identify your personal barriers to change and help you develop tools to enhance your future. I can see clients by telehealth in both Ohio and Florida.
(352) 606-4799 View (352) 606-4799
Photo of Shelly Baxter, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Shelly Baxter
Counselor, MA, LPCC, S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45255
As a systemic couples, individual and family counselor, my interactive treatment approach is to provide support and practical feedback to assist clients as we resolve current problems and long-standing patterns. You will be encouraged, challenged, and taught skills that will help you implement healthy strategies, stop problematic patterns and behaviors so that you can be a better version of you.
As a systemic couples, individual and family counselor, my interactive treatment approach is to provide support and practical feedback to assist clients as we resolve current problems and long-standing patterns. You will be encouraged, challenged, and taught skills that will help you implement healthy strategies, stop problematic patterns and behaviors so that you can be a better version of you.
(513) 450-4223 View (513) 450-4223
Photo of Dani Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Dani Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45213
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! I'm Dani Brown, I specialize in working with children under 12 years old. I have been working with children and their families in various communities and settings for over 9 years. I specialize in working with children under 8 years old, using primarily play therapy and sand play to help children and their families better understand their unique needs and strengths. We will work together to develop an individualized treatment plan that will teach you and your child strategies to decrease concerning behaviors and improve your child's and your family's quality of life.
Hello! I'm Dani Brown, I specialize in working with children under 12 years old. I have been working with children and their families in various communities and settings for over 9 years. I specialize in working with children under 8 years old, using primarily play therapy and sand play to help children and their families better understand their unique needs and strengths. We will work together to develop an individualized treatment plan that will teach you and your child strategies to decrease concerning behaviors and improve your child's and your family's quality of life.
(513) 266-6343 View (513) 266-6343

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cincinnati, OH

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Cincinnati, OH who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
72% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Relationship Issues
66% Coping Skills
62% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
74% Aetna
64% Optum

How Therapists in Cincinnati, OH see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cincinnati?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.