Therapists in Washington, DC

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Photo of Laura Lokker, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Laura Lokker
Psychologist, PsyD, JD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20036
Waitlist for new clients
At some point in our lives many of us will struggle with anxiety, depression, loss, relationship problems, career concerns or life transitions. If you are facing one or more of these challenges, I believe I can help. I am a licensed psychologist providing counseling and psychotherapy to adults in Washington DC. I have experience working with diverse clients on a wide range of issues. Depending on your needs and goals, I integrate various therapeutic approaches and treatment models, including psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, interpersonal and mindfulness.
At some point in our lives many of us will struggle with anxiety, depression, loss, relationship problems, career concerns or life transitions. If you are facing one or more of these challenges, I believe I can help. I am a licensed psychologist providing counseling and psychotherapy to adults in Washington DC. I have experience working with diverse clients on a wide range of issues. Depending on your needs and goals, I integrate various therapeutic approaches and treatment models, including psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, interpersonal and mindfulness.
(202) 760-2717 View (202) 760-2717
Photo of Kate Lieberman, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Kate Lieberman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20006
Psychological evaluations are my area of expertise and passion. My goal when conducting assessments is to identify an individual’s areas of strength and weakness in order to provide recommendations for treatment, work and/or school, interpersonal relationships, and daily living. In the context of assessments, I can provide diagnoses and second opinions. A diagnosis is only one aspect of the process, however, and I emphasize understanding underlying cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal processes, and how these combine and manifest in daily life.
Psychological evaluations are my area of expertise and passion. My goal when conducting assessments is to identify an individual’s areas of strength and weakness in order to provide recommendations for treatment, work and/or school, interpersonal relationships, and daily living. In the context of assessments, I can provide diagnoses and second opinions. A diagnosis is only one aspect of the process, however, and I emphasize understanding underlying cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal processes, and how these combine and manifest in daily life.
(202) 751-3415 View (202) 751-3415
Photo of Jeff DiNardo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Jeff DiNardo
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20002  (Online Only)
Congratulations on searching for someone to help you explore your mental health! It's not an easy decision and therapy can be challenging at times, but I have the utmost respect for people willing to face their vulnerable parts in order to grow and develop. The fit between a client and a counselor is an important part of therapy, so I recommend reaching out to speak with me further to see if I might be able to be of service for what you are seeking. I'll list some considerations here so you can see if you'd like to reach out to discuss our potential work together. I offer a free consultation session to explore your options.
Congratulations on searching for someone to help you explore your mental health! It's not an easy decision and therapy can be challenging at times, but I have the utmost respect for people willing to face their vulnerable parts in order to grow and develop. The fit between a client and a counselor is an important part of therapy, so I recommend reaching out to speak with me further to see if I might be able to be of service for what you are seeking. I'll list some considerations here so you can see if you'd like to reach out to discuss our potential work together. I offer a free consultation session to explore your options.
(202) 858-1375 View (202) 858-1375
Photo of Mywen Baysah, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Mywen Baysah
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20009
Not accepting new clients
Mywen Baysah, LICSW, LCSW-C, is the heart and mind behind Village Builders Counseling Services as its founder and Lead therapist. We believe in curating a sanctuary that's both nonjudgmental and transformative, allowing you to bravely confront life's hurdles. Our commitment is to arm you with practical tools for everyday life, aimed at breaking counterproductive cycles that might hold you back. Our ethos stems from the profound African Proverb: "It Takes a Village to Raise a Child". This signifies that a whole community's positive influence is pivotal for a child's wholesome growth.
Mywen Baysah, LICSW, LCSW-C, is the heart and mind behind Village Builders Counseling Services as its founder and Lead therapist. We believe in curating a sanctuary that's both nonjudgmental and transformative, allowing you to bravely confront life's hurdles. Our commitment is to arm you with practical tools for everyday life, aimed at breaking counterproductive cycles that might hold you back. Our ethos stems from the profound African Proverb: "It Takes a Village to Raise a Child". This signifies that a whole community's positive influence is pivotal for a child's wholesome growth.
(202) 915-4001 View (202) 915-4001
Photo of Sarah W Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Sarah W Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20008
I specialize in working with teens and adults experiencing life transitions, chronic health conditions, GI disorders, anxiety, depression, trauma, and ADHD. I believe emotions are not meant to be overcome, but are natural signals we can use to deepen our relationships and life experiences. I also believe in the mind-body connection, and that a holistic health approach is central to healing. Lastly, I believe mental health is impacted by larger systems, power dynamics and historical context. As a result, I work with clients to recognize the impact of these broader systems, and advocate for change to support their wellness.
I specialize in working with teens and adults experiencing life transitions, chronic health conditions, GI disorders, anxiety, depression, trauma, and ADHD. I believe emotions are not meant to be overcome, but are natural signals we can use to deepen our relationships and life experiences. I also believe in the mind-body connection, and that a holistic health approach is central to healing. Lastly, I believe mental health is impacted by larger systems, power dynamics and historical context. As a result, I work with clients to recognize the impact of these broader systems, and advocate for change to support their wellness.
(202) 237-1196 x709 View (202) 237-1196 x709
Photo of Nyasha Chikowore, Psychological Associate in Washington, DC
Nyasha Chikowore
Psychological Associate, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20009
My clients range from adolescents to adults, presenting with concerns around depression, anxiety, ADHD, trauma, family discord, work & academic stress/conflict, gender and sexual identity, racism, and relationship problems. I have worked with individuals who are coming to therapy for the first time and those who want a change of pace in their journey; what all my clients have in common is that they're ready and willing to start.
My clients range from adolescents to adults, presenting with concerns around depression, anxiety, ADHD, trauma, family discord, work & academic stress/conflict, gender and sexual identity, racism, and relationship problems. I have worked with individuals who are coming to therapy for the first time and those who want a change of pace in their journey; what all my clients have in common is that they're ready and willing to start.
(202) 618-4934 View (202) 618-4934
Photo of Kelly Mahoney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Kelly Mahoney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20036
Kelly is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in Washington DC, Maryland & Virginia. She received her Masters Degree in Social Work from New York University. Kelly has received advanced training at the National Institute for the Psychotherapies in New York City and The Washington School of Psychiatry in Washington, DC. She has also received training in Internal Family Systems.
Kelly is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in Washington DC, Maryland & Virginia. She received her Masters Degree in Social Work from New York University. Kelly has received advanced training at the National Institute for the Psychotherapies in New York City and The Washington School of Psychiatry in Washington, DC. She has also received training in Internal Family Systems.
(202) 953-1929 View (202) 953-1929
Photo of The Meltzer Center in Washington, DC
The Meltzer Center
PhD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20006
The Meltzer Center provides a variety of low fee assessment and therapy mental health services to individuals within the Washington, DC metro area. We are located at George Washington University, near the Foggy Bottom metro. We offer evidence-based individual, family, group (see below for current group description), and couples therapy (CBT, etc.) to address a wide variety of psychological problems, relationship issues, and personal concerns.
The Meltzer Center provides a variety of low fee assessment and therapy mental health services to individuals within the Washington, DC metro area. We are located at George Washington University, near the Foggy Bottom metro. We offer evidence-based individual, family, group (see below for current group description), and couples therapy (CBT, etc.) to address a wide variety of psychological problems, relationship issues, and personal concerns.
(202) 618-5182 View (202) 618-5182
Photo of Ryan Maddock, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Ryan Maddock
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW-C, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20001  (Online Only)
My goal as a therapist is to help you find the best ways to navigate your needs in a safe space. I will help you to engage in and to incorporate self-care into your day to day life. Have you recently felt like your life was changed forever? Have you experienced a loss of a job or a loved one or are currently in crisis? Have you experienced trauma in your life or are you feeling lost or anxious?
My goal as a therapist is to help you find the best ways to navigate your needs in a safe space. I will help you to engage in and to incorporate self-care into your day to day life. Have you recently felt like your life was changed forever? Have you experienced a loss of a job or a loved one or are currently in crisis? Have you experienced trauma in your life or are you feeling lost or anxious?
(202) 915-6273 View (202) 915-6273
Photo of Jeffrey Jay, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Jeffrey Jay
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20008
In therapy, the focus inevitably turns to the balance between self and others. Being responsible for one's own needs while being responsive to others, whether in a relationship, school, or at work is a dynamic, and sometimes confounding, process. How do you find that balance, being true to oneself and a truely caring person? That's the work of therapy. I work with individuals, couples, families, and students. I have a recognized expertise with severe psychological trauma, depression, anxiety, and marital problems including infidelities. I am proud to have been twice highly recommended by Washingtonian Magazine.
In therapy, the focus inevitably turns to the balance between self and others. Being responsible for one's own needs while being responsive to others, whether in a relationship, school, or at work is a dynamic, and sometimes confounding, process. How do you find that balance, being true to oneself and a truely caring person? That's the work of therapy. I work with individuals, couples, families, and students. I have a recognized expertise with severe psychological trauma, depression, anxiety, and marital problems including infidelities. I am proud to have been twice highly recommended by Washingtonian Magazine.
(202) 688-5479 View (202) 688-5479
Photo of Lorelei Prevost, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Lorelei Prevost
Psychologist, PhD, MA, EdM
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036
Welcome, and thank you for reading my profile! I enjoy working with people of all ages, from school-aged children to elders. I provide individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, and play therapy. I am particularly interested in trauma, having worked with survivors of torture and political persecution, combat veterans, and adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. My private practice is in Washington D.C., steps away from the Dupont Circle metro.
Welcome, and thank you for reading my profile! I enjoy working with people of all ages, from school-aged children to elders. I provide individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, and play therapy. I am particularly interested in trauma, having worked with survivors of torture and political persecution, combat veterans, and adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. My private practice is in Washington D.C., steps away from the Dupont Circle metro.
(202) 875-6756 View (202) 875-6756
Photo of Alicia Shelby, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Alicia Shelby
Licensed Professional Counselor, LGPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036  (Online Only)
I am a licensed graduate professional counselor who really enjoys working with adolescents and young adults. I have vast experience working with children, adolescents, adult students, and young professionals in a variety of environments. I am passionate about providing clients with opportunities to communicate through self expression.
I am a licensed graduate professional counselor who really enjoys working with adolescents and young adults. I have vast experience working with children, adolescents, adult students, and young professionals in a variety of environments. I am passionate about providing clients with opportunities to communicate through self expression.
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Photo of Fiona Griffin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Fiona Griffin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20009
Would you like to live a more balanced and fulfilling life and know something needs to change but are not sure where to begin? I help adults gain the insight they need to re-work patterns and beliefs in order to discover who they are and what they want. My style is warm, genuine, and collaborative and my work is rooted in effective therapy techniques with a spirit of creativity. Some of the issues I address include: depression, anxiety, self-esteem, eating disorders and body image, relationships, creative and career fulfillment, and navigating life transitions and existential dilemmas. Read more at www.fionagriffintherapy.com.
Would you like to live a more balanced and fulfilling life and know something needs to change but are not sure where to begin? I help adults gain the insight they need to re-work patterns and beliefs in order to discover who they are and what they want. My style is warm, genuine, and collaborative and my work is rooted in effective therapy techniques with a spirit of creativity. Some of the issues I address include: depression, anxiety, self-esteem, eating disorders and body image, relationships, creative and career fulfillment, and navigating life transitions and existential dilemmas. Read more at www.fionagriffintherapy.com.
(202) 946-6254 View (202) 946-6254
Photo of Kierra Holiday, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Kierra Holiday
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20006  (Online Only)
Surviving in today's world is no easy task. There are constant pressures to be a great partner, parent, friend, and employee. These dueling pressures can be extremely overwhelming. With over 42 million Americans living with anxiety and over 16 million living with depression, know that you are not alone. Seeking help is your first step toward victory. Therapy is meant to help you gain a more purposeful and balanced life while gaining the skills to overcome barriers in the way of your success.
Surviving in today's world is no easy task. There are constant pressures to be a great partner, parent, friend, and employee. These dueling pressures can be extremely overwhelming. With over 42 million Americans living with anxiety and over 16 million living with depression, know that you are not alone. Seeking help is your first step toward victory. Therapy is meant to help you gain a more purposeful and balanced life while gaining the skills to overcome barriers in the way of your success.
(202) 804-9515 View (202) 804-9515
Photo of Jennifer M Pellegrini, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Jennifer M Pellegrini
Psychologist, MS, PhD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20036
Waitlist for new clients
For over 35 years, I have helped clients understand and work through a wide variety of life challenges. I provide a safe place and an experienced ear to explore such issues as anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, health problems, self-esteem challenges and career struggles. I also work with many clients on relationship issues, be they couples, marital, family, work or social in nature. My style is warm, sensitive, active, and insightful. I help my clients understand and find solutions to their struggles, while helping them create more healthy, balanced and satisfying lives.
For over 35 years, I have helped clients understand and work through a wide variety of life challenges. I provide a safe place and an experienced ear to explore such issues as anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, health problems, self-esteem challenges and career struggles. I also work with many clients on relationship issues, be they couples, marital, family, work or social in nature. My style is warm, sensitive, active, and insightful. I help my clients understand and find solutions to their struggles, while helping them create more healthy, balanced and satisfying lives.
(202) 688-5345 View (202) 688-5345
Photo of Liz McLaughlin, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Liz McLaughlin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20009  (Online Only)
I offer an individualized therapy experience based on modern, evidence-based practices. Your goals may include exploring identity issues, managing life transitions, improving the quality of your relationships, or something else; I look forward to hearing your unique story. I use cognitive-behavioral, acceptance-based, and motivational enhancement-based strategies. We’ll start with a thorough assessment of what is troubling you. We’ll collaborate on identifying what is working for you and what is not, and test new strategies you can use to cope more effectively. All along, I’ll provide a safe setting where you can work things out.
I offer an individualized therapy experience based on modern, evidence-based practices. Your goals may include exploring identity issues, managing life transitions, improving the quality of your relationships, or something else; I look forward to hearing your unique story. I use cognitive-behavioral, acceptance-based, and motivational enhancement-based strategies. We’ll start with a thorough assessment of what is troubling you. We’ll collaborate on identifying what is working for you and what is not, and test new strategies you can use to cope more effectively. All along, I’ll provide a safe setting where you can work things out.
(202) 335-7841 x4 View (202) 335-7841 x4
Photo of Jess MacIntyre, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Jess MacIntyre
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036
Therapy helps us cope more effectively with challenges and encourages growth even in difficult circumstances. A strong relationship between therapist and client can make the process significantly more enjoyable and productive. I strive to be genuine and authentic in sessions, incorporating humor and warmth to create a safe, nonjudgmental, and respectful space for support. Together, we will explore your ways of thinking in order to facilitate insight into your experience and gain new skills and strategies to create long-lasting, positive change in your life.
Therapy helps us cope more effectively with challenges and encourages growth even in difficult circumstances. A strong relationship between therapist and client can make the process significantly more enjoyable and productive. I strive to be genuine and authentic in sessions, incorporating humor and warmth to create a safe, nonjudgmental, and respectful space for support. Together, we will explore your ways of thinking in order to facilitate insight into your experience and gain new skills and strategies to create long-lasting, positive change in your life.
(202) 902-8701 View (202) 902-8701
Photo of Ali Jost, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Ali Jost
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20009
Not accepting new clients
Are you overwhelmed, sad, anxious or feeling lost in your life or career? Maybe you want to heal wounds that have festered or forge a different relationship with yourself, a partner, a future partner or with a family member? Perhaps you’ve experienced a loss or the ground underneath your feet has shifted? No matter what brings you, I look forward to helping you to find your voice, reclaim your strength, and ignite your spirit. With more than 12 years of experience as a trauma therapist and life and career coach, I have helped hundreds of adults to heal, (re)align with their power, and find greater satisfaction in their lives.
Are you overwhelmed, sad, anxious or feeling lost in your life or career? Maybe you want to heal wounds that have festered or forge a different relationship with yourself, a partner, a future partner or with a family member? Perhaps you’ve experienced a loss or the ground underneath your feet has shifted? No matter what brings you, I look forward to helping you to find your voice, reclaim your strength, and ignite your spirit. With more than 12 years of experience as a trauma therapist and life and career coach, I have helped hundreds of adults to heal, (re)align with their power, and find greater satisfaction in their lives.
(202) 831-9631 View (202) 831-9631
Photo of Jessica R Roberts, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Jessica R Roberts
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20006
Ralph Waldo Emerson said "What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us." I believe that individuals are more than just their experiences. I view psychotherapy as a place in which you can explore your life experiences as well as gain greater insight into your character "what lies within." I believe that growth occurs when people believe that they can make things different in their own lives. My role as a therapist is to support and encourage you as you take steps toward making changes in your life.
Ralph Waldo Emerson said "What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us." I believe that individuals are more than just their experiences. I view psychotherapy as a place in which you can explore your life experiences as well as gain greater insight into your character "what lies within." I believe that growth occurs when people believe that they can make things different in their own lives. My role as a therapist is to support and encourage you as you take steps toward making changes in your life.
(571) 297-1896 View (571) 297-1896
Photo of Ellen D Mazer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Ellen D Mazer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016  (Online Only)
The decision to enter therapy often coincides with a desire to make changes in one's life. We posses a keen internal radar system that can lead us to realize that the quality of our lives can improve. Your radar may point toward your readiness to enter therapy as suggested by your visit to this site. I provide patients a nonjudgmental safe space to examine potential changes they desire or issues they need to explore. My therapeutic approach emphasizes the examination of significant relationships, including the therapist and client and exploring various unhelpful though patterns. I am accepting new patients as of 9/18/23.
The decision to enter therapy often coincides with a desire to make changes in one's life. We posses a keen internal radar system that can lead us to realize that the quality of our lives can improve. Your radar may point toward your readiness to enter therapy as suggested by your visit to this site. I provide patients a nonjudgmental safe space to examine potential changes they desire or issues they need to explore. My therapeutic approach emphasizes the examination of significant relationships, including the therapist and client and exploring various unhelpful though patterns. I am accepting new patients as of 9/18/23.
(202) 999-3478 View (202) 999-3478

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Washington, DC

2,000+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in Washington, DC who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

62% BlueCross and BlueShield
57% CareFirst
53% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Washington, DC see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Washington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.