Therapists in Hadley, MA

Photo of Sarah Chotkowski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hadley, MA
Sarah Chotkowski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hadley, MA 01035  (Online Only)
Accepting new patients (as of April). My practice specializes in working with folx in erotically marginalized communities. Whether you are queer, pursuing ENM/CNM/Polyamory, or have a kink or fetish, you deserve a therapist who understands the importance of these parts of your life, won't pathologize or criticize them and is with you in solidarity and community. I am pleasure-positive, kink-aware, and passionate about working with people who have been or are involved in sex work. My work is informed by an intersectional feminist lens and incorporates principles of body neutrality and health at every size (HAES).
Accepting new patients (as of April). My practice specializes in working with folx in erotically marginalized communities. Whether you are queer, pursuing ENM/CNM/Polyamory, or have a kink or fetish, you deserve a therapist who understands the importance of these parts of your life, won't pathologize or criticize them and is with you in solidarity and community. I am pleasure-positive, kink-aware, and passionate about working with people who have been or are involved in sex work. My work is informed by an intersectional feminist lens and incorporates principles of body neutrality and health at every size (HAES).
(413) 232-9894 View (413) 232-9894
Photo of Carol Soules, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hadley, MA
Carol Soules
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hadley, MA 01035  (Online Only)
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious or depressed? Are you struggling in your relationships or at work? Are you seeking a supportive counseling relationship to help you sort things out and move forward in your life? Whatever life challenges you are facing we will come together to work on them and develop solutions to help you experience relief and reach your goals.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious or depressed? Are you struggling in your relationships or at work? Are you seeking a supportive counseling relationship to help you sort things out and move forward in your life? Whatever life challenges you are facing we will come together to work on them and develop solutions to help you experience relief and reach your goals.
(413) 887-3724 View (413) 887-3724
Photo of Mark Lange, Counselor in Hadley, MA
Mark Lange
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Hadley, MA 01035
With over 20 years in the field of psychotherapy, I bring a breadth and depth of experience to therapy sessions and a commitment to assisting people in their move towards change. I work with individual adults and couples and a broad range of presenting issues.
With over 20 years in the field of psychotherapy, I bring a breadth and depth of experience to therapy sessions and a commitment to assisting people in their move towards change. I work with individual adults and couples and a broad range of presenting issues.
(413) 547-1243 View (413) 547-1243
Photo of Integrated Health Solutions, LLC, Psychologist in Hadley, MA
Integrated Health Solutions, LLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Hadley, MA 01035
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and neurotherapist. I utilize state-of-the-art, neuroscience-based technologies to help facilitate change in my clients. I work with individuals from three to over eighty years of age. Most people contact me as a result of an understandable ambivalence towards taking medications or a desire to reduce the difficulties associated with some mental or physical condition viewed by others as 'unalterable' or life-long (e.g., ADHD, learning disabilities, autism, depression, anxiety, chronic pain, traumatic brain injury, or other medical conditions).
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and neurotherapist. I utilize state-of-the-art, neuroscience-based technologies to help facilitate change in my clients. I work with individuals from three to over eighty years of age. Most people contact me as a result of an understandable ambivalence towards taking medications or a desire to reduce the difficulties associated with some mental or physical condition viewed by others as 'unalterable' or life-long (e.g., ADHD, learning disabilities, autism, depression, anxiety, chronic pain, traumatic brain injury, or other medical conditions).
(413) 650-1323 View (413) 650-1323
Photo of Christine Catania-Rachlin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hadley, MA
Christine Catania-Rachlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hadley, MA 01035
Waitlist for new clients
Life can be extraordinarily challenging and finding a therapist that "fits" can be intimidating. I enjoy working with diverse clients from varied backgrounds. My passion is working with motivated clients to address trauma, anxiety, and various life transitions. I also enjoy working with teenagers navigating the road to adulthood. My role as a therapist is to nurture the innate healing process by teaching the needed skills and utilizing tailored interventions so clients may achieve goals related to improved emotional coping, satisfying relationships, and better quality of life.
Life can be extraordinarily challenging and finding a therapist that "fits" can be intimidating. I enjoy working with diverse clients from varied backgrounds. My passion is working with motivated clients to address trauma, anxiety, and various life transitions. I also enjoy working with teenagers navigating the road to adulthood. My role as a therapist is to nurture the innate healing process by teaching the needed skills and utilizing tailored interventions so clients may achieve goals related to improved emotional coping, satisfying relationships, and better quality of life.
(413) 359-6925 View (413) 359-6925
Photo of Mark A Gapen, Psychologist in Hadley, MA
Mark A Gapen
Psychologist, PhD, BCN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hadley, MA 01035
Not accepting new clients
Many folks find that even after seeing a therapist, they continue to experience problems such as difficulty sleeping, irritable bowel, hypervigilance, being easily startled, being very sensitive, and many other body-based reactions. They may be discouraged, and feel that they simply have to live with these problems. My practice specializes in working with individuals not simply to achieve symptom remission, but to achieve wellness. I actively collaborate with my patients to look at the root causes of anxiety, depression and other problems. In resolving these, I help folks find more balance and peace in their lives.
Many folks find that even after seeing a therapist, they continue to experience problems such as difficulty sleeping, irritable bowel, hypervigilance, being easily startled, being very sensitive, and many other body-based reactions. They may be discouraged, and feel that they simply have to live with these problems. My practice specializes in working with individuals not simply to achieve symptom remission, but to achieve wellness. I actively collaborate with my patients to look at the root causes of anxiety, depression and other problems. In resolving these, I help folks find more balance and peace in their lives.
(413) 628-2010 View (413) 628-2010
Photo of Ellen J Carlino, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hadley, MA
Ellen J Carlino, LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Hadley, MA 01035
There's a delicate balance between accepting oneself as you are and making the changes you deeply desire. Cultivating quiet and stillness allows you to listen to your inner knowing and the answers you are seeking. My own spiritual practice informs me as I honor and support your personal journey. What's most essential for healing is the relationship between client and therapist. Clients have described their experience with me as open, deeply caring, respectful, irreverent, collaborative, both gentle and direct, grounding and real.
There's a delicate balance between accepting oneself as you are and making the changes you deeply desire. Cultivating quiet and stillness allows you to listen to your inner knowing and the answers you are seeking. My own spiritual practice informs me as I honor and support your personal journey. What's most essential for healing is the relationship between client and therapist. Clients have described their experience with me as open, deeply caring, respectful, irreverent, collaborative, both gentle and direct, grounding and real.
(413) 241-6712 View (413) 241-6712
Photo of Nina Barman, Psychologist in Hadley, MA
Nina Barman
Psychologist, Psy, D
Verified Verified
Hadley, MA 01035
Making a decision to work with someone to improve your health is a big step. It is brave work on the things you don’t like about yourself. It is brave to talk to someone. My approach is more collaborative and supportive. My goal is to help my clients feel safe and to understand themselves better, increasing their flexible thinking and compassion for themselves.
Making a decision to work with someone to improve your health is a big step. It is brave work on the things you don’t like about yourself. It is brave to talk to someone. My approach is more collaborative and supportive. My goal is to help my clients feel safe and to understand themselves better, increasing their flexible thinking and compassion for themselves.
(413) 287-1699 View (413) 287-1699
Photo of Alan Dupont, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hadley, MA
Alan Dupont
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Hadley, MA 01035
Alan has experience working with people with a broad range of mental health concerns ranging from dissatisfaction with life to those with significant trauma histories or history of hospitalization. He prides himself on working well with those who have stalled in therapy, are looking for more, are skeptical of modern paradigms of mental health and culture, who have otherwise been made to feel "difficult" or "resistant," or who have not been taken seriously due to their identity or beliefs.
Alan has experience working with people with a broad range of mental health concerns ranging from dissatisfaction with life to those with significant trauma histories or history of hospitalization. He prides himself on working well with those who have stalled in therapy, are looking for more, are skeptical of modern paradigms of mental health and culture, who have otherwise been made to feel "difficult" or "resistant," or who have not been taken seriously due to their identity or beliefs.
(413) 216-4541 View (413) 216-4541
Photo of John C Hallock, Counselor in Hadley, MA
John C Hallock
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Hadley, MA 01035  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m John. I love to work with couples, and will also work with individuals looking to improve their relationships, especially with the hope (but not the requirement) their partner will join us. Does your relationship with your partner seem like a constant challenge to make it work, to see each other as you once did? I can help you understand what is going on between you, to communicate in a way that gives you each a broader perspective on your relationship so that you can learn to know what each other feels and find a way to work together as a team to make your relationship more fulfilling and less stressful.
Hi, I’m John. I love to work with couples, and will also work with individuals looking to improve their relationships, especially with the hope (but not the requirement) their partner will join us. Does your relationship with your partner seem like a constant challenge to make it work, to see each other as you once did? I can help you understand what is going on between you, to communicate in a way that gives you each a broader perspective on your relationship so that you can learn to know what each other feels and find a way to work together as a team to make your relationship more fulfilling and less stressful.
(413) 216-4852 View (413) 216-4852
Photo of Frances Howe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hadley, MA
Frances Howe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hadley, MA 01035
I work with individuals wishing to explore and improve their lives. At times we all have painful and confusing events we need to process and overcome. I have many years of expierence with Adults, Couples, Families and Children. Through the theraputic relationship and skill development, change evolves. I treat anxiety, depression, relaionship issues, parenting concerns as well as individual issues about where one is in your life now,
I work with individuals wishing to explore and improve their lives. At times we all have painful and confusing events we need to process and overcome. I have many years of expierence with Adults, Couples, Families and Children. Through the theraputic relationship and skill development, change evolves. I treat anxiety, depression, relaionship issues, parenting concerns as well as individual issues about where one is in your life now,
(413) 485-7427 View (413) 485-7427
Photo of Tara S. Black, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hadley, MA
Tara S. Black
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hadley, MA 01035
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes we need to talk to someone who is trained at listening well in order to work through experiences, thoughts, and feelings that may be causing us to suffer, or interfering with our ability to live our lives in the way that we intend. Being psychodynamically trained, and drawing from various therapy tools including insight oriented, mindfulness, motivational interviewing, and cognitive behavioral allows me the flexibility to be present to a wide variety of concerns. I’ll provide a holistic approach to therapy, while you get to know yourself in a new way, and use new insights to address your concerns.
Sometimes we need to talk to someone who is trained at listening well in order to work through experiences, thoughts, and feelings that may be causing us to suffer, or interfering with our ability to live our lives in the way that we intend. Being psychodynamically trained, and drawing from various therapy tools including insight oriented, mindfulness, motivational interviewing, and cognitive behavioral allows me the flexibility to be present to a wide variety of concerns. I’ll provide a holistic approach to therapy, while you get to know yourself in a new way, and use new insights to address your concerns.
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Photo of Allison Wilcox, Counselor in Hadley, MA
Allison Wilcox
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Hadley, MA 01035  (Online Only)
Feeling stuck is natural and finding your way out may seem like an impossible goal. I meet clients where they are at building upon their strengths to move forward and achieve greater quality of life. My passion is working with motivated clients managing depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, issues stemming from trauma, problems with addiction, issues of sexuality and sexual orientation, and challenges related to life transitions. I support individuals with achieving their personal goals. I focus on the whole person physically, emotionally, and spiritually. I enjoy working with clients from varied cultures and backgrounds.
Feeling stuck is natural and finding your way out may seem like an impossible goal. I meet clients where they are at building upon their strengths to move forward and achieve greater quality of life. My passion is working with motivated clients managing depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, issues stemming from trauma, problems with addiction, issues of sexuality and sexual orientation, and challenges related to life transitions. I support individuals with achieving their personal goals. I focus on the whole person physically, emotionally, and spiritually. I enjoy working with clients from varied cultures and backgrounds.
(413) 289-5024 View (413) 289-5024
Photo of Kourtney Roy, Counselor in Hadley, MA
Kourtney Roy
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hadley, MA 01035
I understand that therapy is not a one-size-fits-all process, as different types of approaches are effective for each person’s needs. Within my work, I strive to create a safe space for clients to feel seen and heard. I take into account the importance of looking at the whole person and the range of aspects that contribute to who you are. Everyone has their own unique journey, and my goal is to assist you with fostering a life rooted in self-empowerment. As you nourish your body, mind, and spirit, you can unlock your capacity to flourish in every area of life.
I understand that therapy is not a one-size-fits-all process, as different types of approaches are effective for each person’s needs. Within my work, I strive to create a safe space for clients to feel seen and heard. I take into account the importance of looking at the whole person and the range of aspects that contribute to who you are. Everyone has their own unique journey, and my goal is to assist you with fostering a life rooted in self-empowerment. As you nourish your body, mind, and spirit, you can unlock your capacity to flourish in every area of life.
(413) 206-6525 View (413) 206-6525
Photo of Aidza Y Mckenzie, Psychologist in Hadley, MA
Aidza Y Mckenzie
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Hadley, MA 01035
Are you experiencing overwhelming stress, depression, trauma, anxiety, fears, or panic attacks? Are you struggling with sense-of-self or self-worth? Have you been the victim of discrimination or domestic violence and are looking to regain control of your life? Or are you just in need of having a provider that will listen to you in a mindful and non-judgmental way? If you are, call me to discuss effective ways to guide you in the process of overcoming these and other life challenges. I am a caring, gentle, compassionate, and sensitive to cultural, racial, and religious diversity psychologist. I am fluent in English and Spanish.
Are you experiencing overwhelming stress, depression, trauma, anxiety, fears, or panic attacks? Are you struggling with sense-of-self or self-worth? Have you been the victim of discrimination or domestic violence and are looking to regain control of your life? Or are you just in need of having a provider that will listen to you in a mindful and non-judgmental way? If you are, call me to discuss effective ways to guide you in the process of overcoming these and other life challenges. I am a caring, gentle, compassionate, and sensitive to cultural, racial, and religious diversity psychologist. I am fluent in English and Spanish.
(413) 269-8645 x4 View (413) 269-8645 x4
Photo of Hollie Kalkstein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hadley, MA
Hollie Kalkstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Hadley, MA 01035
Waitlist for new clients
"Your present circumstances do not determine where you go, they merely determine where you start." Feelings of loss, shame, sadness and anxiety often keep us stuck in unhealthy patterns. I have a general practice focusing on the treatment of depression, anxiety, trauma, substance abuse and impulse control disorders. Using Internal Family Systems (IFS), cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness and other coping strategies I guide clients forward, to health, wellness, safety and acceptance.
"Your present circumstances do not determine where you go, they merely determine where you start." Feelings of loss, shame, sadness and anxiety often keep us stuck in unhealthy patterns. I have a general practice focusing on the treatment of depression, anxiety, trauma, substance abuse and impulse control disorders. Using Internal Family Systems (IFS), cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness and other coping strategies I guide clients forward, to health, wellness, safety and acceptance.
(413) 650-6613 View (413) 650-6613
Photo of Joanie O'Connell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hadley, MA
Joanie O'Connell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Hadley, MA 01035  (Online Only)
I have enjoyed working as a psychotherapist for 30+ years. I am a family systems oriented, psychodynamic clinician with a wide range of treatment approaches. I treat families and individuals experiencing transitions, loss and trauma, as well as depression, anxiety, behavioral or relationship problems. When I work with youth, parental involvement is requested. Treatment can be fluid to include siblings, parent/child and individual therapy. With all clients, the goals of acceptance, healing and growth occur within a positive and safe environment. I believe that feeling worthwhile and having hope are key elements to mental health.
I have enjoyed working as a psychotherapist for 30+ years. I am a family systems oriented, psychodynamic clinician with a wide range of treatment approaches. I treat families and individuals experiencing transitions, loss and trauma, as well as depression, anxiety, behavioral or relationship problems. When I work with youth, parental involvement is requested. Treatment can be fluid to include siblings, parent/child and individual therapy. With all clients, the goals of acceptance, healing and growth occur within a positive and safe environment. I believe that feeling worthwhile and having hope are key elements to mental health.
(413) 461-6197 View (413) 461-6197
Photo of Jennifer T Walsh, Counselor in Hadley, MA
Jennifer T Walsh
Counselor, LMHC, ATR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hadley, MA 01035
Not accepting new clients
I offer a humanistic and trauma-informed approach to therapy, which means that we will work together to explore your values and what goals you would like to set to live your most grounded and fulfilling life. I acknowledge that your identity and experiences are unique and intersectional, and this centers the work we do together. My specialty in art therapy allows an intuitive and creative form of expression to deepen this connection with yourself and your community. In session I offer non-judgmental, supportive accountability for the hopes and goals you determine for our work together.
I offer a humanistic and trauma-informed approach to therapy, which means that we will work together to explore your values and what goals you would like to set to live your most grounded and fulfilling life. I acknowledge that your identity and experiences are unique and intersectional, and this centers the work we do together. My specialty in art therapy allows an intuitive and creative form of expression to deepen this connection with yourself and your community. In session I offer non-judgmental, supportive accountability for the hopes and goals you determine for our work together.
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Photo of Norbert Arthur Belliveau, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hadley, MA
Norbert Arthur Belliveau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Hadley, MA 01035
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker, EMDR Practitioner, and Reiki Master/Teacher. I specialize in Trauma-Focused work with adults to manage a wide range of issues. My approach is Person-Centered and Trauma Focused through a compassionate lens, with an emphasis on client's strengths. I'm trained in Advanced EMDR, Clinical Hypnosis including advanced training in Age Regression/Progression, and Reiki Level III. I utilize complementary therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) including Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker, EMDR Practitioner, and Reiki Master/Teacher. I specialize in Trauma-Focused work with adults to manage a wide range of issues. My approach is Person-Centered and Trauma Focused through a compassionate lens, with an emphasis on client's strengths. I'm trained in Advanced EMDR, Clinical Hypnosis including advanced training in Age Regression/Progression, and Reiki Level III. I utilize complementary therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) including Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
(413) 835-1299 View (413) 835-1299
Photo of Natalia Glebova, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hadley, MA
Natalia Glebova
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MA, MSW
Verified Verified
Hadley, MA 01035  (Online Only)
My clients come to therapy when life is hard, when they want more from it and are not ready to settle. Some of my clients have a history of trauma, mood disorder, or anxiety, others do not experience severe symptoms but come to rebuild their lives after a loss, divorce or break up, to develop a better understanding of their own patterns, and to use therapy to examine and improve their lives and relationships.
My clients come to therapy when life is hard, when they want more from it and are not ready to settle. Some of my clients have a history of trauma, mood disorder, or anxiety, others do not experience severe symptoms but come to rebuild their lives after a loss, divorce or break up, to develop a better understanding of their own patterns, and to use therapy to examine and improve their lives and relationships.
(413) 287-1502 View (413) 287-1502

See more therapy options for Hadley

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Hadley, MA

60+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Hadley, MA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
74% Self Esteem
70% Grief
67% Stress

Average years in practice

17 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

98% BlueCross and BlueShield
60% Optum
57% Harvard Pilgrim

How Therapists in Hadley, MA see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Hadley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.