Therapists in Montclair, NJ

Photo of Michael McCann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Michael McCann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
Life is really hard these days, with a constant pressures and stressors. It is common to feel stuck in being able to create changes relating to depression, anxiety, and traumas. You want to create changes in your life, feel that you deserve to feel better, but haven't figured out what you need to do to create that change. The feelings of anxiety, sadness and inability to connect fully with other people in your life is persistent. I'm here to help work to decrease that stress.
Life is really hard these days, with a constant pressures and stressors. It is common to feel stuck in being able to create changes relating to depression, anxiety, and traumas. You want to create changes in your life, feel that you deserve to feel better, but haven't figured out what you need to do to create that change. The feelings of anxiety, sadness and inability to connect fully with other people in your life is persistent. I'm here to help work to decrease that stress.
(973) 965-8604 View (973) 965-8604
Photo of Jan Summers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Jan Summers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
For many years, I have helped couples learn the communication components necessary for strong, resilient relationships. You'll learn to use your strengths effectively in your work and personal life while resolving your weaknesses. Using a tried and true approach to decision making, I will help you develop a plan to move you towards your goals. We will deconstruct the causes of stress, tension and painful upsetting moods in your life. Privacy, confidentiality and respect for your needs are fundamental to my work with you.
For many years, I have helped couples learn the communication components necessary for strong, resilient relationships. You'll learn to use your strengths effectively in your work and personal life while resolving your weaknesses. Using a tried and true approach to decision making, I will help you develop a plan to move you towards your goals. We will deconstruct the causes of stress, tension and painful upsetting moods in your life. Privacy, confidentiality and respect for your needs are fundamental to my work with you.
(973) 947-4839 View (973) 947-4839
Photo of Healing Our Parts, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Healing Our Parts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042  (Online Only)
Hello there! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a heartfelt passion for making a positive difference in people's lives. My journey started back in 2000 when I earned my MSW from NYU. In 2007, I embarked on a transformative journey to become a Gestalt Therapist, honing my counseling skills to better serve the public.
Hello there! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a heartfelt passion for making a positive difference in people's lives. My journey started back in 2000 when I earned my MSW from NYU. In 2007, I embarked on a transformative journey to become a Gestalt Therapist, honing my counseling skills to better serve the public.
(929) 466-9918 View (929) 466-9918
Photo of Kathleen Pete, Licensed Professional Counselor in Montclair, NJ
Kathleen Pete
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
We all want what’s best for ourselves, children, and others. You may notice a change over time for either you or your child “not feeling like my usual self” and not handling things in the same way at home, work, school, or in interactions with others. If you have ever felt like you do not know what to do or say therapy can be a place to work through feelings, thoughts, and situations that you have tried your hardest and best to respond to but feel at a loss or stuck. Therapy can help with sorting out why these changes have occurred in order to be able to move forward and feel like you are “back on track” and “in a better place”.
We all want what’s best for ourselves, children, and others. You may notice a change over time for either you or your child “not feeling like my usual self” and not handling things in the same way at home, work, school, or in interactions with others. If you have ever felt like you do not know what to do or say therapy can be a place to work through feelings, thoughts, and situations that you have tried your hardest and best to respond to but feel at a loss or stuck. Therapy can help with sorting out why these changes have occurred in order to be able to move forward and feel like you are “back on track” and “in a better place”.
(973) 319-4820 View (973) 319-4820
Photo of Karen Crawford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Karen Crawford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
As a Licensed Social Worker, I am dedicated to helping you achieve your goals and resolve problems. I have a positive, warm, and open approach in which you will feel safe and heard. We will work together to set goals, implement change, learn, and grow. Although I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as a primary framework, I use a flexible approach tailored to the needs of each client. Approaches include; Mindfulness, Self-Care, Motivational Interviewing, Exposure Therapy, Play Therapy, and Person Centered Therapy.
As a Licensed Social Worker, I am dedicated to helping you achieve your goals and resolve problems. I have a positive, warm, and open approach in which you will feel safe and heard. We will work together to set goals, implement change, learn, and grow. Although I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as a primary framework, I use a flexible approach tailored to the needs of each client. Approaches include; Mindfulness, Self-Care, Motivational Interviewing, Exposure Therapy, Play Therapy, and Person Centered Therapy.
(973) 240-5526 View (973) 240-5526
Photo of Vanessa Matos, Licensed Professional Counselor in Montclair, NJ
Vanessa Matos
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
Welcome to Resilience DBT & Eating Recovery! Our practice offers comprehensive Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and treatment for the full range of Eating Disorders for children, adolescents, and adults. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who is part of a team offering support and guidance to individuals and families seeking expert intervention in a safe and supportive environment. As a DBT and certified CBT-E practitioner, I believe in utilizing evidence-based practices to achieve success and meet identified goals. I am committed to to help you return on a path of full health and healing in a safe and comfortable setting.
Welcome to Resilience DBT & Eating Recovery! Our practice offers comprehensive Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and treatment for the full range of Eating Disorders for children, adolescents, and adults. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who is part of a team offering support and guidance to individuals and families seeking expert intervention in a safe and supportive environment. As a DBT and certified CBT-E practitioner, I believe in utilizing evidence-based practices to achieve success and meet identified goals. I am committed to to help you return on a path of full health and healing in a safe and comfortable setting.
(973) 609-5058 x1 View (973) 609-5058 x1
Photo of Jake McFarland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Jake McFarland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042  (Online Only)
Hi I’m Jake and I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My goal is to provide a supportive and safe environment for people that are struggling with a mental health issue/crisis. Ive been an outpatient individual therapist since 2007 and have experiences with many types of issues and varying levels of severity. I strive to be open-minded, non judgmental, and as honest as I can be.
Hi I’m Jake and I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My goal is to provide a supportive and safe environment for people that are struggling with a mental health issue/crisis. Ive been an outpatient individual therapist since 2007 and have experiences with many types of issues and varying levels of severity. I strive to be open-minded, non judgmental, and as honest as I can be.
(862) 640-2421 View (862) 640-2421
Photo of Kathy Lutz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Kathy Lutz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC, CTRI
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042  (Online Only)
If addiction has taken over your life, now is the time to do something about it. Life is too short to be unhappy. I offer a warm, confidential environment to help you find the clarity you need to break the cycle of addiction so you and those around you may lead happier lives. I also offer help for co-occurring issues: mood regulation, anxiety, anger management, trauma, and high functioning autism. I am trained in EMDR, Mindfulness Practices and Stress Reduction. In addition, I frequently work in consultation with other therapists' clients, providing EMDR and substance abuse assessments and treatment.
If addiction has taken over your life, now is the time to do something about it. Life is too short to be unhappy. I offer a warm, confidential environment to help you find the clarity you need to break the cycle of addiction so you and those around you may lead happier lives. I also offer help for co-occurring issues: mood regulation, anxiety, anger management, trauma, and high functioning autism. I am trained in EMDR, Mindfulness Practices and Stress Reduction. In addition, I frequently work in consultation with other therapists' clients, providing EMDR and substance abuse assessments and treatment.
(201) 870-4294 View (201) 870-4294
Photo of Karen Bright, Licensed Professional Counselor in Montclair, NJ
Karen Bright
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042  (Online Only)
Hi, I am a licensed professional counselor in NJ since 2005 but started in the field in 1992. I have worked with people in a number of different settings as well as with different diagnosis. I've spent a large portion of my career helping with loss and grief and another part helping parents navigate the tween and teen years and how to cope with children who might have a mental health diagnosis or challenge
Hi, I am a licensed professional counselor in NJ since 2005 but started in the field in 1992. I have worked with people in a number of different settings as well as with different diagnosis. I've spent a large portion of my career helping with loss and grief and another part helping parents navigate the tween and teen years and how to cope with children who might have a mental health diagnosis or challenge
(973) 798-1862 View (973) 798-1862
Photo of Elizabeth Dyer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Elizabeth Dyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA, DSS
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with RELATIONSHIP/MARRIAGE or ANXIETY problems? Are you concerned that the fighting +/or avoidance is leading to the end of the marriage? Or have you experienced the violation of trust as a result of an AFFAIR by your partner? Many couples wait too long to get the help for their relationship to get back on track. There is hope to heal these issues by learning essential skills to create healthy connections and allow the trust and love to come present. A number of tools are used to assess the health of a couple including the GOTTMAN RELATIONSHIP CHECKUP, an online assessment.
Are you struggling with RELATIONSHIP/MARRIAGE or ANXIETY problems? Are you concerned that the fighting +/or avoidance is leading to the end of the marriage? Or have you experienced the violation of trust as a result of an AFFAIR by your partner? Many couples wait too long to get the help for their relationship to get back on track. There is hope to heal these issues by learning essential skills to create healthy connections and allow the trust and love to come present. A number of tools are used to assess the health of a couple including the GOTTMAN RELATIONSHIP CHECKUP, an online assessment.
(973) 668-4971 View (973) 668-4971
Photo of Roberta Monteiro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Roberta Monteiro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
I am the founder of Inner Light Psychotherapy and Wellness, LLC. We offer individual, couple and family therapy for English, Portuguese and Spanish speakers. We are a private practice with a team network of wellness providers. Also providing clinical evaluation to immigration and court cases; Extreme Hardship, Asylum, Vawa, U and T visas.
I am the founder of Inner Light Psychotherapy and Wellness, LLC. We offer individual, couple and family therapy for English, Portuguese and Spanish speakers. We are a private practice with a team network of wellness providers. Also providing clinical evaluation to immigration and court cases; Extreme Hardship, Asylum, Vawa, U and T visas.
(201) 834-0582 View (201) 834-0582
Photo of Sally Pitanga, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Sally Pitanga
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042  (Online Only)
Old patterns holding you back? Stress and anxiety gripping you? Do you just want to feel happier? Suffering from grief; or dealing with remembered trauma from childhood such as physical or sexual abuse? Problems in your relationships, with a partner/your child?
Old patterns holding you back? Stress and anxiety gripping you? Do you just want to feel happier? Suffering from grief; or dealing with remembered trauma from childhood such as physical or sexual abuse? Problems in your relationships, with a partner/your child?
(973) 657-5636 View (973) 657-5636
Photo of Jana Luber, Psychologist in Montclair, NJ
Jana Luber
Psychologist, PsyD, BCBA
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07043
The opportunity for children and adolescents to build upon their strengths by developing a skill set related to their social and emotional world is empowering. I specialize in treating children, adolescents, and parents with concerns related to learning disabilities, anxiety, attentional difficulties, and behavior challenges. Through a genuine care and consideration for the individual characteristics of the child and family, I strive to facilitate positive change and provide concrete tools with the goal of navigating one's inner and social world in a balanced and focused manner.
The opportunity for children and adolescents to build upon their strengths by developing a skill set related to their social and emotional world is empowering. I specialize in treating children, adolescents, and parents with concerns related to learning disabilities, anxiety, attentional difficulties, and behavior challenges. Through a genuine care and consideration for the individual characteristics of the child and family, I strive to facilitate positive change and provide concrete tools with the goal of navigating one's inner and social world in a balanced and focused manner.
(551) 465-9198 View (551) 465-9198
Photo of Rebecca Solomon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Rebecca Solomon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042  (Online Only)
Most of my experience has been working with clients who are struggling with mental health concerns, such as Major Depressive Disorder, Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, ADHD, and Psychosis. I have also worked extensively with clients who have experienced relationship issues, trauma and abuse, and interpersonal conflict. I believe that my role as a therapist is to listen and understand the needs and motivations of my clients. Once there is understanding of the client's goals, then we can work together to help him/her/them get there and conquer obstacles that may be getting in the way.
Most of my experience has been working with clients who are struggling with mental health concerns, such as Major Depressive Disorder, Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, ADHD, and Psychosis. I have also worked extensively with clients who have experienced relationship issues, trauma and abuse, and interpersonal conflict. I believe that my role as a therapist is to listen and understand the needs and motivations of my clients. Once there is understanding of the client's goals, then we can work together to help him/her/them get there and conquer obstacles that may be getting in the way.
(973) 370-8990 View (973) 370-8990
Photo of Sandra Trzanowski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Sandra Trzanowski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
Do you feel stuck? Disconnected? I believe the potential for happiness and fulfillment in both one's relationship with themselves and others is universal. Through Emotionally Focused Therapy I have been able to help couples/individuals move through negative patterns that often leave one stuck and can lead to anger, resentment and self-criticism. Have you experienced a traumatic event and are looking to heal? I have been trained in EMDR which is a therapy designed to resolve unprocessed traumatic memories. EMDR enables people to heal from the symptoms and emotional distress that are the result of disturbing life.
Do you feel stuck? Disconnected? I believe the potential for happiness and fulfillment in both one's relationship with themselves and others is universal. Through Emotionally Focused Therapy I have been able to help couples/individuals move through negative patterns that often leave one stuck and can lead to anger, resentment and self-criticism. Have you experienced a traumatic event and are looking to heal? I have been trained in EMDR which is a therapy designed to resolve unprocessed traumatic memories. EMDR enables people to heal from the symptoms and emotional distress that are the result of disturbing life.
(973) 440-2269 View (973) 440-2269
Photo of Patrice Holness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Patrice Holness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am dedicated to empowering individuals to pursue their personal goals while fostering a balanced and healthy lifestyle. With over 15 years of diverse experience, I have supported clients from all walks of life in overcoming obstacles and achieving their aspirations. My counseling services encompass a wide range of challenges, including depression, anxiety, trauma, anger management, grief, and relationship conflicts.
I am dedicated to empowering individuals to pursue their personal goals while fostering a balanced and healthy lifestyle. With over 15 years of diverse experience, I have supported clients from all walks of life in overcoming obstacles and achieving their aspirations. My counseling services encompass a wide range of challenges, including depression, anxiety, trauma, anger management, grief, and relationship conflicts.
(908) 388-9186 View (908) 388-9186
Photo of Samantha Brenner Awadallah, Licensed Professional Counselor in Montclair, NJ
Samantha Brenner Awadallah
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
How brave of you to be searching for a therapist. Getting to this point often means the struggles you face have gotten to a point of affecting your quality of life; and admitting this can feel defeating. At the same time, if you’re here, you know therapy can be an opportunity to improve your well-being. By collaborating with me, we can build an understanding of your struggles and work through embracing meaningful growth and change. My twenty years experience in the mental health field has taught me that the most significant change and healing comes from within the client, and can be fostered through a supportive therapeutic rapport.
How brave of you to be searching for a therapist. Getting to this point often means the struggles you face have gotten to a point of affecting your quality of life; and admitting this can feel defeating. At the same time, if you’re here, you know therapy can be an opportunity to improve your well-being. By collaborating with me, we can build an understanding of your struggles and work through embracing meaningful growth and change. My twenty years experience in the mental health field has taught me that the most significant change and healing comes from within the client, and can be fostered through a supportive therapeutic rapport.
(973) 319-8615 View (973) 319-8615
Photo of Sheila Harrington, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Sheila Harrington
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
I am a licensed clinical social worker who is committed to help you feel better, to be more productive and to have more satisfying relationships. I believe in partnering with my patients to create a life worth living. You can accomplish this by incorporating mindfulness exercises, learning new coping skills, exercise and strengthening relationships. Together we will explore the connections among these areas in order to help you become the best you possible.
I am a licensed clinical social worker who is committed to help you feel better, to be more productive and to have more satisfying relationships. I believe in partnering with my patients to create a life worth living. You can accomplish this by incorporating mindfulness exercises, learning new coping skills, exercise and strengthening relationships. Together we will explore the connections among these areas in order to help you become the best you possible.
(973) 870-0601 View (973) 870-0601
Photo of David Szmak, Psychologist in Montclair, NJ
David Szmak
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042  (Online Only)
There is something in the human spirit that recognizes that our lives can be changed. A spark of possibility lives alongside our confusion, loss, anxiety, anger or trauma. Working with an experienced therapist provides a chance to access those possibilities, understand ourselves and our circumstances better, and bring about the changes that we want and need.
There is something in the human spirit that recognizes that our lives can be changed. A spark of possibility lives alongside our confusion, loss, anxiety, anger or trauma. Working with an experienced therapist provides a chance to access those possibilities, understand ourselves and our circumstances better, and bring about the changes that we want and need.
(973) 310-2241 View (973) 310-2241
Photo of Adelyn Melnikoff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Adelyn Melnikoff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07043
Adelyn is a seasoned therapist dedicated to guiding individuals toward a life of fulfillment, purpose, and personal growth. Specializing in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Adelyn brings extensive experience from working in Mt. Sinai Hospital system’s top CBT and therapy programs. She has treated a diverse set of adult clients across all life stages, navigating a wide range of psychiatric and medical challenges in both outpatient and inpatient settings. She specializes in trauma- and stressor-related disorders, anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, executive functioning, and the intersection of medical conditions and mental health.
Adelyn is a seasoned therapist dedicated to guiding individuals toward a life of fulfillment, purpose, and personal growth. Specializing in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Adelyn brings extensive experience from working in Mt. Sinai Hospital system’s top CBT and therapy programs. She has treated a diverse set of adult clients across all life stages, navigating a wide range of psychiatric and medical challenges in both outpatient and inpatient settings. She specializes in trauma- and stressor-related disorders, anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, executive functioning, and the intersection of medical conditions and mental health.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Montclair, NJ

800+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Montclair, NJ who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
64% Family Conflict
63% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% Aetna
66% Cigna and Evernorth
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Montclair, NJ see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Montclair?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.