Therapists in Rockford, MN

Photo of Deanne Shaw, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rockford, MN
Deanne Shaw
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Rockford, MN 55373  (Online Only)
We live in a multi stress world and sometimes we need extra support. I provide couples, individual, and family therapy for adolescents and adults. I am a compassionate therapist who values the therapeutic connection. I am passionate about working with adolescence who have emotional/behavioral difficulties. I have years of experience assisting individuals, couples and families working through their life challenges. My experience includes (but is not limited to) mood disorders, trauma recovery, survivors of abuse, women's issues, parent-child conflict(s), marital issues, and transitional/adjustment issues.
We live in a multi stress world and sometimes we need extra support. I provide couples, individual, and family therapy for adolescents and adults. I am a compassionate therapist who values the therapeutic connection. I am passionate about working with adolescence who have emotional/behavioral difficulties. I have years of experience assisting individuals, couples and families working through their life challenges. My experience includes (but is not limited to) mood disorders, trauma recovery, survivors of abuse, women's issues, parent-child conflict(s), marital issues, and transitional/adjustment issues.
(612) 324-5154 View (612) 324-5154
Photo of Janell J Riley, Counselor in Rockford, MN
Janell J Riley
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Rockford, MN 55373  (Online Only)
I believe that walking with someone, wherever they are, is the primary focus in my practice. My experience includes working with teens, young adults and, and individuals who are experiencing issues including anxiety, adjustment issues, bipolar, depression, sexual identity, and PTSD. I am a Registered Parent Educator for Circle of Security International, which provides education for parents to help them build healthy attachments with their children. I have a special interest in helping teenage girls and women who are struggling with issues in their lives and incorporating faith into therapy (only when requested).
I believe that walking with someone, wherever they are, is the primary focus in my practice. My experience includes working with teens, young adults and, and individuals who are experiencing issues including anxiety, adjustment issues, bipolar, depression, sexual identity, and PTSD. I am a Registered Parent Educator for Circle of Security International, which provides education for parents to help them build healthy attachments with their children. I have a special interest in helping teenage girls and women who are struggling with issues in their lives and incorporating faith into therapy (only when requested).
(763) 225-2916 View (763) 225-2916
Photo of Tamarah Gehlen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rockford, MN
Tamarah Gehlen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LADC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Rockford, MN 55373
Accepting New Clients! As an integrative therapist, I draw from different psychotherapy orientations. This allows me to tailor therapy to your needs and allows for a truly collaborative process in deciding where we go and how. Since successful therapy depends on a strong relationship between client and therapist, my first priority is nurturing that bond by creating a safe and supportive environment. I believe therapy is most effective when it is flexible, demystified, and client-centered, so you can expect me to be transparent about my ideas and approaches. My style is at times infused with humor and is always warm and direct.
Accepting New Clients! As an integrative therapist, I draw from different psychotherapy orientations. This allows me to tailor therapy to your needs and allows for a truly collaborative process in deciding where we go and how. Since successful therapy depends on a strong relationship between client and therapist, my first priority is nurturing that bond by creating a safe and supportive environment. I believe therapy is most effective when it is flexible, demystified, and client-centered, so you can expect me to be transparent about my ideas and approaches. My style is at times infused with humor and is always warm and direct.
(763) 301-5877 View (763) 301-5877
Photo of Layla Marie Berenjian, Pre-Licensed Professional in Rockford, MN
Layla Marie Berenjian
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LADC
Verified Verified
Rockford, MN 55373
I hold a deep appreciation for the significance of people's stories. Guided by my Perisan cultural values, I help individuals rediscover themselves, process trauma, and navigate ongoing stress. Grounded in holistic, mind-body techniques, my approach empowers clients' voices and strengths across all aspects of life. I view mental health symptoms as natural responses to a pathologizing world, offering a fresh perspective to release deep-rooted shame and facilitate healing and growth. Through authenticity, humor, and curiosity, I aim to create a place that fosters sustainable healing and transformation.
I hold a deep appreciation for the significance of people's stories. Guided by my Perisan cultural values, I help individuals rediscover themselves, process trauma, and navigate ongoing stress. Grounded in holistic, mind-body techniques, my approach empowers clients' voices and strengths across all aspects of life. I view mental health symptoms as natural responses to a pathologizing world, offering a fresh perspective to release deep-rooted shame and facilitate healing and growth. Through authenticity, humor, and curiosity, I aim to create a place that fosters sustainable healing and transformation.
(763) 373-3076 View (763) 373-3076
Photo of VI Doan, Pre-Licensed Professional in Rockford, MN
VI Doan
Pre-Licensed Professional, LADC
Verified Verified
Rockford, MN 55373
My name is Vi and I am so excited to work with you! If things have been just a little stressful, or you have gone through really difficult stuff – you have come to the right place, and I’ve got you. I have 6 years of experience working with folks who have been addressing their mental health – everything from mild depression and anxiety to things like PTSD and more. If you want someone who is going to listen non-judgmentally, who can understand, and who can support whatever it is that you are dealing with, I would love to sit down and talk with you.
My name is Vi and I am so excited to work with you! If things have been just a little stressful, or you have gone through really difficult stuff – you have come to the right place, and I’ve got you. I have 6 years of experience working with folks who have been addressing their mental health – everything from mild depression and anxiety to things like PTSD and more. If you want someone who is going to listen non-judgmentally, who can understand, and who can support whatever it is that you are dealing with, I would love to sit down and talk with you.
(612) 930-3008 View (612) 930-3008
Photo of Ty Ferris, Pre-Licensed Professional in Rockford, MN
Ty Ferris
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHP
Verified Verified
Rockford, MN 55373  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hi! My name is Ty, and I can’t wait to work with you! If things have been just a little stressful, or you have gone through really difficult stuff–you have come to the right place, I’ve got your back, and we can work through hard things. If you are wanting someone who is going to listen non-judgmentally, who can understand and who can support whatever it is that you are dealing with, I would love to sit down and talk with you. If you are looking for a provider who can understand what it is like to go through the world as a part of the queer community and dealing with LGBTQ+ cultural issues and discrimination–yep, that’s me, too!
Hi! My name is Ty, and I can’t wait to work with you! If things have been just a little stressful, or you have gone through really difficult stuff–you have come to the right place, I’ve got your back, and we can work through hard things. If you are wanting someone who is going to listen non-judgmentally, who can understand and who can support whatever it is that you are dealing with, I would love to sit down and talk with you. If you are looking for a provider who can understand what it is like to go through the world as a part of the queer community and dealing with LGBTQ+ cultural issues and discrimination–yep, that’s me, too!
(763) 251-9781 View (763) 251-9781
Photo of Deborah Peterson, Counselor in Rockford, MN
Deborah Peterson
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockford, MN 55373
I received a Masters of Arts degree in Counseling Psychology from Bethel University. My experience includes working with children, adolescents, and adults on an individual basis, as well as in a couple or family unit. I work with clients experiencing a variety of different concerns including depression, anxiety disorders, adjusting to life circumstances, crisis management, and working with individuals struggling with guilt and shame. My special interests include working with individuals, and parents of children, diagnosed with autoimmune diseases, depression/anxiety due to a general medical condition, and incorporating faith into therapy (only when requested).
I received a Masters of Arts degree in Counseling Psychology from Bethel University. My experience includes working with children, adolescents, and adults on an individual basis, as well as in a couple or family unit. I work with clients experiencing a variety of different concerns including depression, anxiety disorders, adjusting to life circumstances, crisis management, and working with individuals struggling with guilt and shame. My special interests include working with individuals, and parents of children, diagnosed with autoimmune diseases, depression/anxiety due to a general medical condition, and incorporating faith into therapy (only when requested).
(612) 260-9440 View (612) 260-9440
Photo of Nathan J Schrick, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rockford, MN
Nathan J Schrick
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rockford, MN 55373
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I received a Master of Arts in Marriage and Family Therapy from North American Baptist Seminary in Sioux Falls, SD. I have worked in the mental health field since 1998 beginning my work in residential settings and later providing counseling in family's homes and also in schools. I have experience working with children, adolescents, and adults on an individual basis, as well as in a couple or family unit. I enjoy working with the family unit as a whole to identify strengths, define problems, and reduce conflict in the home environment.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I received a Master of Arts in Marriage and Family Therapy from North American Baptist Seminary in Sioux Falls, SD. I have worked in the mental health field since 1998 beginning my work in residential settings and later providing counseling in family's homes and also in schools. I have experience working with children, adolescents, and adults on an individual basis, as well as in a couple or family unit. I enjoy working with the family unit as a whole to identify strengths, define problems, and reduce conflict in the home environment.
(605) 569-4845 View (605) 569-4845
Photo of Kelly May, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rockford, MN
Kelly May
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rockford, MN 55373
Life often will throw us curve balls that we don’t expect, or things we never thought of having to deal with. In these times we tend to feel like we aren’t in control, we may feel alone, and not sure how to navigate through these times. So if you’re searching for an encouraging, non-judgmental, welcoming and comforting space to help guide you through these times, I look forward to walking along side of you in your journey.
Life often will throw us curve balls that we don’t expect, or things we never thought of having to deal with. In these times we tend to feel like we aren’t in control, we may feel alone, and not sure how to navigate through these times. So if you’re searching for an encouraging, non-judgmental, welcoming and comforting space to help guide you through these times, I look forward to walking along side of you in your journey.
(612) 979-1645 View (612) 979-1645

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Shelly Melroe, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rockford, MN
Shelly Melroe
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Michael, MN 55376
Another day of managing stress, trying to figure out what rules matter and what compromises have the least consequences. Get some rest, miss the deadline. Miss the workout, feel the irritability climb. Seems that playing by the rules has led you astray. The pieces seldom fit together anymore and all you really want is to feel good! Is it too much to ask to have a good relationship? One that loves and accepts you, without minimizing your needs or your hurt. Feeling so alone, when surrounded by people (people who don't hesitate to let you know what they need), is hard to explain. Yet you know it to be true for you.
Another day of managing stress, trying to figure out what rules matter and what compromises have the least consequences. Get some rest, miss the deadline. Miss the workout, feel the irritability climb. Seems that playing by the rules has led you astray. The pieces seldom fit together anymore and all you really want is to feel good! Is it too much to ask to have a good relationship? One that loves and accepts you, without minimizing your needs or your hurt. Feeling so alone, when surrounded by people (people who don't hesitate to let you know what they need), is hard to explain. Yet you know it to be true for you.
(612) 261-1648 View (612) 261-1648
Photo of Rindie Eagle, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Rockford, MN
Rindie Eagle
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Saint Michael, MN 55376
Currently full. If you find yourself struggling to keep the "perfect" mask on, I can help you become empowered to make the changes you want in your life to feel better and become recharged. We will use a strengths-based approach to identify the strengths you already have, and then you will learn how to use them in your favor to make the changes you want in your life in order to reduce the anxiety or depression that is draining your system. Go to this link to get on the waitlist: jotform.com/rindie/appointments
Currently full. If you find yourself struggling to keep the "perfect" mask on, I can help you become empowered to make the changes you want in your life to feel better and become recharged. We will use a strengths-based approach to identify the strengths you already have, and then you will learn how to use them in your favor to make the changes you want in your life in order to reduce the anxiety or depression that is draining your system. Go to this link to get on the waitlist: jotform.com/rindie/appointments
(763) 634-5444 View (763) 634-5444
Photo of Brandy Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rockford, MN
Brandy Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Buffalo, MN 55313  (Online Only)
How do you want to feel? How do you get there? Whether you're hoping to minimize anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, desire to explore and improve your past or current relationship patterns, need assistance navigating a perinatal mood or anxiety disorder during or after pregnancy, I offer you support, help and guidance in going from where you are to how you want to feel. I am a LBGTQ affirmative and supportive to all. Please note I offer virtual appointments only.
How do you want to feel? How do you get there? Whether you're hoping to minimize anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, desire to explore and improve your past or current relationship patterns, need assistance navigating a perinatal mood or anxiety disorder during or after pregnancy, I offer you support, help and guidance in going from where you are to how you want to feel. I am a LBGTQ affirmative and supportive to all. Please note I offer virtual appointments only.
(320) 347-3435 View (320) 347-3435
Photo of Serenity Mental Health Services, Counselor in Rockford, MN
Serenity Mental Health Services
Counselor, MS, NCC, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Buffalo, MN 55313
At Serenity Mental Health Services, we enjoy working with individuals from all walks of life. We are passionate about what we do, and feel great joy when we see individuals make positive changes towards their recovery goals. We have experience in treating many diagnoses, utilizing several different treatment modalities. We work with individuals, families, couples, and groups. We also offer ARMHS, and CTSS!
At Serenity Mental Health Services, we enjoy working with individuals from all walks of life. We are passionate about what we do, and feel great joy when we see individuals make positive changes towards their recovery goals. We have experience in treating many diagnoses, utilizing several different treatment modalities. We work with individuals, families, couples, and groups. We also offer ARMHS, and CTSS!
(320) 313-1384 View (320) 313-1384
Photo of Evan Bedore, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Rockford, MN
Evan Bedore
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, BaS, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Michael, MN 55376
I work with patients with Substance Use Disorders and Mental Health disorders.
I work with patients with Substance Use Disorders and Mental Health disorders.
(763) 888-8024 View (763) 888-8024
Photo of Jennifer Cepress, Pre-Licensed Professional in Rockford, MN
Jennifer Cepress
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Michael, MN 55376
I provide individual, couples and family therapy. My areas of interest are couples’ issues, anxiety, depression, ADHD issues, parenting support, family communication issues, trauma, addiction issues, career/work/school/college issues, chronic stress and life changes.
I provide individual, couples and family therapy. My areas of interest are couples’ issues, anxiety, depression, ADHD issues, parenting support, family communication issues, trauma, addiction issues, career/work/school/college issues, chronic stress and life changes.
(763) 363-5567 x1008 View (763) 363-5567 x1008
Photo of Christina Muraski, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rockford, MN
Christina Muraski
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, RPT
Verified Verified
Buffalo, MN 55313
Not accepting new clients
Christina specializes in working in early childhood mental health and sees young children from birth and up to age 6 and works closely with their caregivers providing parenting skills and focusing on strengthening relationships. Christina is a Registered Play Therapist and sees children up to the age of 12. Christina believes that play therapy offers a way to empower children and provides a space for them to heal from traumatic experiences, express their emotions in productive ways, and feel encouraged to move beyond their difficult situations, and all through their natural language which is PLAY.
Christina specializes in working in early childhood mental health and sees young children from birth and up to age 6 and works closely with their caregivers providing parenting skills and focusing on strengthening relationships. Christina is a Registered Play Therapist and sees children up to the age of 12. Christina believes that play therapy offers a way to empower children and provides a space for them to heal from traumatic experiences, express their emotions in productive ways, and feel encouraged to move beyond their difficult situations, and all through their natural language which is PLAY.
(320) 347-3759 View (320) 347-3759
Photo of Patti Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rockford, MN
Patti Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CNTP
Verified Verified
Delano, MN 55328
IN PERSON OR TELETHERAPY APPOINTMENTS AVAILABLE The times are changing and we all need resiliency to get through the current challenges. Stressors are at an all-time high level, leaving many people unprepared for the situations they are experiencing. Under stress, our behavior can fall back to our default settings that were shaped in our early childhood. These patterns may not serve us or our families well. Learning new skills can give us the tools to develop appropriate responses and forge new neuropathways that will enhance the way we connect with the people close to us. Happiness comes from secure connected relationships
IN PERSON OR TELETHERAPY APPOINTMENTS AVAILABLE The times are changing and we all need resiliency to get through the current challenges. Stressors are at an all-time high level, leaving many people unprepared for the situations they are experiencing. Under stress, our behavior can fall back to our default settings that were shaped in our early childhood. These patterns may not serve us or our families well. Learning new skills can give us the tools to develop appropriate responses and forge new neuropathways that will enhance the way we connect with the people close to us. Happiness comes from secure connected relationships
(612) 395-4719 View (612) 395-4719
Photo of Emilee Rodriguez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rockford, MN
Emilee Rodriguez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Delano, MN 55328  (Online Only)
Therapy: Emilee provides therapy services in Minnesota using video/phone. I come alongside clients looking to understand themselves clearer and have more fulfilling lives and relationships. I use an attachment lens and incorporate mind-body-spirit approaches. Family Coaching: Family coaching can be provided across the United States. Coaching around transitions, improving communication, and problem solving is available. Emilee has 20+ years experience as a parent and over 15 years supporting parents and families. I offer a free 15 minute phone call to see if we are a match.
Therapy: Emilee provides therapy services in Minnesota using video/phone. I come alongside clients looking to understand themselves clearer and have more fulfilling lives and relationships. I use an attachment lens and incorporate mind-body-spirit approaches. Family Coaching: Family coaching can be provided across the United States. Coaching around transitions, improving communication, and problem solving is available. Emilee has 20+ years experience as a parent and over 15 years supporting parents and families. I offer a free 15 minute phone call to see if we are a match.
(952) 679-7350 View (952) 679-7350
Photo of Stephanie M Van Beek, Pre-Licensed Professional in Rockford, MN
Stephanie M Van Beek
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Buffalo, MN 55313
I have come to discover that everyone has the power within themselves to experience well-being. I believe a strong therapeutic relationship that consists of empathy, congruence, and an unconditional positive regard is central to helping people on their journey toward well-being. Understanding ourselves, our history, our feelings, and how this fits into the world around us is a lifelong adventure. This excursion leads to deeper insight about ourselves and our place in this world and is an important component of well-being.
I have come to discover that everyone has the power within themselves to experience well-being. I believe a strong therapeutic relationship that consists of empathy, congruence, and an unconditional positive regard is central to helping people on their journey toward well-being. Understanding ourselves, our history, our feelings, and how this fits into the world around us is a lifelong adventure. This excursion leads to deeper insight about ourselves and our place in this world and is an important component of well-being.
(763) 373-7540 View (763) 373-7540
Photo of Johanna Schultz, Pre-Licensed Professional in Rockford, MN
Johanna Schultz
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Monticello, MN 55561
Waitlist for new clients
I have experience and enjoy working with individuals across the lifespan. I believe in the inherent value, purpose, and dignity of each person and that through therapy, individuals can develop or re-establish this believe about themselves. I am here to actively and non-judgmentally listen to your story and work collaboratively to build upon your internal strengths and reaching your goals. I desire to create a space that is safe and supportive where you feel comfortable expressing yourself, your concerns, and aspirations.
I have experience and enjoy working with individuals across the lifespan. I believe in the inherent value, purpose, and dignity of each person and that through therapy, individuals can develop or re-establish this believe about themselves. I am here to actively and non-judgmentally listen to your story and work collaboratively to build upon your internal strengths and reaching your goals. I desire to create a space that is safe and supportive where you feel comfortable expressing yourself, your concerns, and aspirations.
(320) 322-6799 View (320) 322-6799

See more therapy options for Rockford

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Rockford, MN

< 10

Therapists in Rockford, MN who prioritize treating:

89% Depression
78% Anxiety
78% Parenting
78% Trauma and PTSD
78% Family Conflict
78% Peer Relationships
78% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

2 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Medica
100% Optum

How Therapists in Rockford, MN see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Rockford?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.