Therapists in Ventura, CA

Photo of Paige Stoker, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Ventura, CA
Paige Stoker
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ventura, CA 93003
My focus is on working with children and their family members collaboratively. When appropriate, I use art therapy to help clients better understand their inner thoughts and feelings. I aim to create a safe and supportive therapeutic environment for all of my clients and utilize each client's strengths and goals to personalize the therapeutic approach.
My focus is on working with children and their family members collaboratively. When appropriate, I use art therapy to help clients better understand their inner thoughts and feelings. I aim to create a safe and supportive therapeutic environment for all of my clients and utilize each client's strengths and goals to personalize the therapeutic approach.
(805) 549-5926 View (805) 549-5926
Photo of Kathleen Gulley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ventura, CA
Kathleen Gulley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, MSW, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Ventura, CA 93001
I have been a therapist for more than 30 years and recently have graduated from a three year Bible college. My specialty is addressing the whole person, psychologically, emotionally and spiritually. My ideal client is anyone who wants to grow in self but also in God.
I have been a therapist for more than 30 years and recently have graduated from a three year Bible college. My specialty is addressing the whole person, psychologically, emotionally and spiritually. My ideal client is anyone who wants to grow in self but also in God.
(805) 208-9376 View (805) 208-9376
Photo of Leana Gutierrez, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Ventura, CA
Leana Gutierrez
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ventura, CA 93003
I am Leana Gutierrez and I’ve been working in mental health since 2012 in a variety of settings that has provided invaluable experience to serve clients with a systemic approach that identifies their unique intersecting identities that make the whole person with a culturally sensitive strategy. Connection and perspective within ourselves and life's circumstances can be difficult for everyone. The difficulty can be navigated with the right guidance and not alone, once one has allowed themselves a chance to feel it. You deserve to grow for you and break chains
I am Leana Gutierrez and I’ve been working in mental health since 2012 in a variety of settings that has provided invaluable experience to serve clients with a systemic approach that identifies their unique intersecting identities that make the whole person with a culturally sensitive strategy. Connection and perspective within ourselves and life's circumstances can be difficult for everyone. The difficulty can be navigated with the right guidance and not alone, once one has allowed themselves a chance to feel it. You deserve to grow for you and break chains
(805) 749-4856 View (805) 749-4856
Photo of Daniel Nieto Lopez, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Ventura, CA
Daniel Nieto Lopez
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ventura, CA 93001
Hello, I'm Daniel, a bilingual Associate Marriage and Family Therapist who provides treatment in English and Spanish. I am passionate about supporting individuals, families, and couples through challenging moments in their lives. I value the importance of the therapeutic alliance and am dedicated to ensuring a safe space and positive experience for all of my clients. I have experience working with children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples. My experience includes supporting clients through depression, anxiety, trauma, and life transitions.
Hello, I'm Daniel, a bilingual Associate Marriage and Family Therapist who provides treatment in English and Spanish. I am passionate about supporting individuals, families, and couples through challenging moments in their lives. I value the importance of the therapeutic alliance and am dedicated to ensuring a safe space and positive experience for all of my clients. I have experience working with children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples. My experience includes supporting clients through depression, anxiety, trauma, and life transitions.
(805) 386-9367 View (805) 386-9367
Photo of Vanessa Schor-Yakobian, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ventura, CA
Vanessa Schor-Yakobian, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ventura, CA 93003
Depression and anxiety can both frightening and overwhelming for children and adults. If you are feeling like you have lost interest in things you used to love, a sense of hopelessness, difficulty falling asleep, feeling empty, wanting to harm yourself, panic attacks, irritable moods we will work together in order to help you have the courage to face your fears and move forward in these uncertain times. The more vulnerable and open you are willing to be with your personal story the more powerful you will become. Let me guide you through this journey with compassion and a willingness to understand and to connect.
Depression and anxiety can both frightening and overwhelming for children and adults. If you are feeling like you have lost interest in things you used to love, a sense of hopelessness, difficulty falling asleep, feeling empty, wanting to harm yourself, panic attacks, irritable moods we will work together in order to help you have the courage to face your fears and move forward in these uncertain times. The more vulnerable and open you are willing to be with your personal story the more powerful you will become. Let me guide you through this journey with compassion and a willingness to understand and to connect.
(818) 485-2624 View (818) 485-2624
Photo of Dianne Nicholas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ventura, CA
Dianne Nicholas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ventura, CA 93004
Life's challenges today are increasing levels of trauma, anxiety, depression, dramatic mood shifts and lowering self-esteem. I can offer a safe, sensitive, compassionate, relationship based solution. Together we will explore the impact of painful thoughts and emotions enabling us to develop a basis for clear insight and set the stage for hopeful growth and transformation.
Life's challenges today are increasing levels of trauma, anxiety, depression, dramatic mood shifts and lowering self-esteem. I can offer a safe, sensitive, compassionate, relationship based solution. Together we will explore the impact of painful thoughts and emotions enabling us to develop a basis for clear insight and set the stage for hopeful growth and transformation.
(805) 874-5084 View (805) 874-5084
Photo of Miguel Angel Hernandez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ventura, CA
Miguel Angel Hernandez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ventura, CA 93003
Not accepting new clients
Hello, my name is Miguel. I'm here to assist you in improving your family and personal relationships. My work consists of helping children and families navigate life's challenges. Utilizing a solution-focused approach, I collaborate with you to identify the root causes of your struggles, develop tailored goals to confront those struggles, and keep you accountable in achieving your goals. Throughout my career, i've mediated thousands of disputes, giving me unique insights into family dynamics and conflict resolution.
Hello, my name is Miguel. I'm here to assist you in improving your family and personal relationships. My work consists of helping children and families navigate life's challenges. Utilizing a solution-focused approach, I collaborate with you to identify the root causes of your struggles, develop tailored goals to confront those struggles, and keep you accountable in achieving your goals. Throughout my career, i've mediated thousands of disputes, giving me unique insights into family dynamics and conflict resolution.
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Photo of Ilena Trish Sussman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ventura, CA
Ilena Trish Sussman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ventura, CA 93001  (Online Only)
I provide psychotherapy to adults seeking emotional back-up and healthy psychological support in a stressful world. We can create and reach treatment goals to cope successfully with stressors while decreasing symptoms of anxiety/depression, adding social support, and increasing effective skill use. Both short-term and long-term assistance provided.
I provide psychotherapy to adults seeking emotional back-up and healthy psychological support in a stressful world. We can create and reach treatment goals to cope successfully with stressors while decreasing symptoms of anxiety/depression, adding social support, and increasing effective skill use. Both short-term and long-term assistance provided.
(805) 372-0406 View (805) 372-0406
Photo of Sue Cox, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ventura, CA
Sue Cox
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ventura, CA 93003  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Does your relationship feel terribly one-sided, with you constantly making sacrifices for someone without getting much in return? Often, when you wrap your life around someone else, accepting unacceptable circumstances to keep the relationship together, it can be emotionally exhausting and profoundly destructive. So, how do you change things when life is so challenging and you're alone in your efforts to fix it; when you feel completely responsible for the well-being of others at the cost of your peace of mind? Therapy is the best next step when your own efforts haven't worked out.
Does your relationship feel terribly one-sided, with you constantly making sacrifices for someone without getting much in return? Often, when you wrap your life around someone else, accepting unacceptable circumstances to keep the relationship together, it can be emotionally exhausting and profoundly destructive. So, how do you change things when life is so challenging and you're alone in your efforts to fix it; when you feel completely responsible for the well-being of others at the cost of your peace of mind? Therapy is the best next step when your own efforts haven't worked out.
(424) 329-5601 View (424) 329-5601
Photo of Allison Goldin, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Ventura, CA
Allison Goldin
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Ventura, CA 93001
Waitlist for new clients
I believe the therapeutic relationship can be used to develop insight into patterns of interaction and connection to self and others. If clients are so inclined, I am happy to use spiritual tools such as astrology and divination tools to dive deep into the psyche. My hope is that I can assist and guide clients to develop internal trust and to live a joyful and autonomous life. I strongly feel that a non-judgmental and authentic stance can help support clients to feel more relaxed and present in their lives and help clients listen to their intuition to make life choices which are aligned with their values.
I believe the therapeutic relationship can be used to develop insight into patterns of interaction and connection to self and others. If clients are so inclined, I am happy to use spiritual tools such as astrology and divination tools to dive deep into the psyche. My hope is that I can assist and guide clients to develop internal trust and to live a joyful and autonomous life. I strongly feel that a non-judgmental and authentic stance can help support clients to feel more relaxed and present in their lives and help clients listen to their intuition to make life choices which are aligned with their values.
(805) 335-6821 View (805) 335-6821
Photo of Kathleen F. Streeter, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ventura, CA
Kathleen F. Streeter
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, , LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ventura, CA 93001
Are you feeling stuck or anxious? Do you doubt your self-worth, even though other people say you are smart, creative and capable? You may have tried to figure out on your own what you are doing wrong, but this has left you feeling lonely, even in your closest relationships. Some issues are too difficult to confront alone - past trauma, broken connections, life transitions, and painful loss. Together, we will work through the things that are holding you back. No two people are alike, so I will collaborate with you to define your unique treatment goals. Let’s start improving your life and relationships today!
Are you feeling stuck or anxious? Do you doubt your self-worth, even though other people say you are smart, creative and capable? You may have tried to figure out on your own what you are doing wrong, but this has left you feeling lonely, even in your closest relationships. Some issues are too difficult to confront alone - past trauma, broken connections, life transitions, and painful loss. Together, we will work through the things that are holding you back. No two people are alike, so I will collaborate with you to define your unique treatment goals. Let’s start improving your life and relationships today!
(805) 421-4568 View (805) 421-4568
Photo of Carollyn McKinstry, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ventura, CA
Carollyn McKinstry
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ventura, CA 93003  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
We all face challenges in life and need support to get through those difficult moments. Reaching out is a sign of strength and shows that you are ready to tackle the issues that have impacted you. I believe each person has the power to heal and grow and there is incredible healing power in the therapeutic process. I take a client centered approach, believing you are the best authority on you. I am here to listen, provide support, direction and guidance for whatever issues you may be facing.
We all face challenges in life and need support to get through those difficult moments. Reaching out is a sign of strength and shows that you are ready to tackle the issues that have impacted you. I believe each person has the power to heal and grow and there is incredible healing power in the therapeutic process. I take a client centered approach, believing you are the best authority on you. I am here to listen, provide support, direction and guidance for whatever issues you may be facing.
(805) 243-3488 View (805) 243-3488
Photo of Jill Huang, Psychologist in Ventura, CA
Jill Huang
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Ventura, CA 93003  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed psychologist specializing in working with ethnic minorities, survivors of trauma (specifically survivors of interpersonal trauma), and LGBTQIA+ individuals. I approach therapy from a multicultural, feminist, strength-based, and relational perspective. I will see you as a whole person with multiple (sometimes incompatible) identities. I aim to empower you to use your voice. Just like being in any other relationship, the therapist-client match is very important. Together, we will work together to address the issues you are coming in with by learning more about yourself and how you interact with others.
I am a licensed psychologist specializing in working with ethnic minorities, survivors of trauma (specifically survivors of interpersonal trauma), and LGBTQIA+ individuals. I approach therapy from a multicultural, feminist, strength-based, and relational perspective. I will see you as a whole person with multiple (sometimes incompatible) identities. I aim to empower you to use your voice. Just like being in any other relationship, the therapist-client match is very important. Together, we will work together to address the issues you are coming in with by learning more about yourself and how you interact with others.
(805) 715-8218 View (805) 715-8218
Photo of Euciane DeSouza-Walden, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ventura, CA
Euciane DeSouza-Walden
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, AT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ventura, CA 93001
Attention: Due to the high volume of calls, I am only accepting email communication at the moment.( Please click on "Email me" button if you'd like to communicate with me) Life can sometimes leave us feeling stuck, I am committed to working alongside you on your journey to living a more fulfilling life. My mission as a psychotherapist is to guide you towards better functioning in all areas of your life. I believe everyone has the right to live a productive and vibrant life. I specialize in working with adults experiencing anxiety, depression, life transitions, stress, and trauma.
Attention: Due to the high volume of calls, I am only accepting email communication at the moment.( Please click on "Email me" button if you'd like to communicate with me) Life can sometimes leave us feeling stuck, I am committed to working alongside you on your journey to living a more fulfilling life. My mission as a psychotherapist is to guide you towards better functioning in all areas of your life. I believe everyone has the right to live a productive and vibrant life. I specialize in working with adults experiencing anxiety, depression, life transitions, stress, and trauma.
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Photo of Vonda ("Vondie") Lozano, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ventura, CA
Vonda ("Vondie") Lozano
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CHT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ventura, CA 93003
Are you fighting about the same things over and over? Do things seem to be getting worse instead of better? Do your fights leave you feeling sad and discouraged or worried about the future? Or if you're single, do you find yourself dating "the same guy with a different face." You keep repeating the same patterns that leave you feeling unloved and alone. You shouldn't have to feel this bad. And it doesn't have to be like this. You deserve a good loving relationship, the kind we all really want.
Are you fighting about the same things over and over? Do things seem to be getting worse instead of better? Do your fights leave you feeling sad and discouraged or worried about the future? Or if you're single, do you find yourself dating "the same guy with a different face." You keep repeating the same patterns that leave you feeling unloved and alone. You shouldn't have to feel this bad. And it doesn't have to be like this. You deserve a good loving relationship, the kind we all really want.
(805) 590-4270 View (805) 590-4270
Photo of Mackenzie Morrison, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Ventura, CA
Mackenzie Morrison
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ventura, CA 93001  (Online Only)
Are you navigating the complexities of your marriage or relationships, adolescence, or significant life changes? If you are facing communication challenges, struggling with the unique issues adolescence brings, or grappling with the impact of life-altering transitions that may cause anxiety or feelings of depression then this might be the right place for you. My goal is to provide a safe space where clients can explore these issues, express their concerns, and work towards fostering healthier connections or adapting to change.
Are you navigating the complexities of your marriage or relationships, adolescence, or significant life changes? If you are facing communication challenges, struggling with the unique issues adolescence brings, or grappling with the impact of life-altering transitions that may cause anxiety or feelings of depression then this might be the right place for you. My goal is to provide a safe space where clients can explore these issues, express their concerns, and work towards fostering healthier connections or adapting to change.
(805) 328-4130 View (805) 328-4130
Photo of Whitney Rogers, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ventura, CA
Whitney Rogers
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ventura, CA 93001
Starting a family can bring up a lot of unexpected challenges. New mothers often worry about the health of the baby during pregnancy, the labor and birth process, the recovery period after the baby is born, or adjusting to motherhood. New parents often worry about relationship dynamics with a partner or other family members. If your fears are starting to outweigh your positive feelings about the arrival of your baby, or if you're struggling to get support now, know that there is help for what you are experiencing.
Starting a family can bring up a lot of unexpected challenges. New mothers often worry about the health of the baby during pregnancy, the labor and birth process, the recovery period after the baby is born, or adjusting to motherhood. New parents often worry about relationship dynamics with a partner or other family members. If your fears are starting to outweigh your positive feelings about the arrival of your baby, or if you're struggling to get support now, know that there is help for what you are experiencing.
(805) 669-2083 View (805) 669-2083
Photo of Ivet Castañeda Ruiz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ventura, CA
Ivet Castañeda Ruiz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ventura, CA 93003
Hola and Welcome. My name is Ivet Castañeda Ruiz, I have been a practicing therapist for the last 9 years. Throughout the course of my career I have gained an amplitude of experience working with children, adolescents, individuals and families. I know taking the first step and seeking help may be challenging for some, for that reason I believe in the essence of meeting people where they are. Life is constantly changing around us, the fluidities of life may cause life challenges and obstacles that may result in anxiety, depression, conflict within relationships and/or living inauthentically.
Hola and Welcome. My name is Ivet Castañeda Ruiz, I have been a practicing therapist for the last 9 years. Throughout the course of my career I have gained an amplitude of experience working with children, adolescents, individuals and families. I know taking the first step and seeking help may be challenging for some, for that reason I believe in the essence of meeting people where they are. Life is constantly changing around us, the fluidities of life may cause life challenges and obstacles that may result in anxiety, depression, conflict within relationships and/or living inauthentically.
(805) 360-3793 View (805) 360-3793
Photo of Monica Squitieri, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Ventura, CA
Monica Squitieri
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Ventura, CA 93001
The complexities of life can be challenging to navigate on your own. To stay or leave the relationship, resign from work or switch majors, work through grief & loss, or how to set boundaries with friends & family, can send our thoughts spinning into a cycle of anxiety. Practicing honesty with yourself may feel daunting & in some cases impossible, as it can call for acknowledging uncomfortable situations or feelings in your life. The fear of speaking up can lead to avoidance behaviors such as substance use issues, withdrawal from friends & family, cessation of things you enjoy, mental fog & depression as well as codependency.
The complexities of life can be challenging to navigate on your own. To stay or leave the relationship, resign from work or switch majors, work through grief & loss, or how to set boundaries with friends & family, can send our thoughts spinning into a cycle of anxiety. Practicing honesty with yourself may feel daunting & in some cases impossible, as it can call for acknowledging uncomfortable situations or feelings in your life. The fear of speaking up can lead to avoidance behaviors such as substance use issues, withdrawal from friends & family, cessation of things you enjoy, mental fog & depression as well as codependency.
(805) 960-5258 View (805) 960-5258
Photo of Dr. Kate Shanahan, Psychologist in Ventura, CA
Dr. Kate Shanahan
Psychologist, PhD, NCSP
Verified Verified
Ventura, CA 93003
Perceptive, motivated people encounter barriers all the time, but may be uncertain how to get help because to the outside world they seem to be doing just fine. Perhaps you or your child aren't able to achieve up to potential, feel worried about things in life, have trouble focusing or getting things done, or feel tension and conflict in relationships with others. Talented people can lose sight of their many strengths, and need support in figuring out what is keeping them from functioning at their best.
Perceptive, motivated people encounter barriers all the time, but may be uncertain how to get help because to the outside world they seem to be doing just fine. Perhaps you or your child aren't able to achieve up to potential, feel worried about things in life, have trouble focusing or getting things done, or feel tension and conflict in relationships with others. Talented people can lose sight of their many strengths, and need support in figuring out what is keeping them from functioning at their best.
(805) 926-6631 View (805) 926-6631

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Ventura, CA

600+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Ventura, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
65% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

65% Cigna and Evernorth
64% Aetna
63% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Ventura, CA see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ventura?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.