Therapists in Van Nuys, CA

Photo of Marina Kuderova, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Marina Kuderova
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Online Only
I work with adults and adolescents navigating anxiety, trauma, relationship challenges, and major life transitions. I support individuals dealing with feelings of being stuck or overwhelmed, and those struggling with self-criticism or low self-esteem. I also welcome clients exploring complex family dynamics and searching for a deeper sense of identity and personal meaning. I also provide therapy in Russian.
I work with adults and adolescents navigating anxiety, trauma, relationship challenges, and major life transitions. I support individuals dealing with feelings of being stuck or overwhelmed, and those struggling with self-criticism or low self-esteem. I also welcome clients exploring complex family dynamics and searching for a deeper sense of identity and personal meaning. I also provide therapy in Russian.
(818) 873-5881 View (818) 873-5881
Photo of Michael Southerland, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Michael Southerland
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Van Nuys, CA 91411
Hi! My name is Michael Southerland, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist working in the Los Angeles, CA area. This means I focus primarily on relationships, be it individuals having difficulty with rough spots in life, couples, children, and families. I am comfortable working with almost any problem. However, my specialties include depression, anxiety, substance abuse and addiction, codependency, ADHD, and especially LGBT + engender identity. Don't hesitate to reach out to me and ask me if I have experience in working with clients like you. I'm looking forward to hearing.
Hi! My name is Michael Southerland, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist working in the Los Angeles, CA area. This means I focus primarily on relationships, be it individuals having difficulty with rough spots in life, couples, children, and families. I am comfortable working with almost any problem. However, my specialties include depression, anxiety, substance abuse and addiction, codependency, ADHD, and especially LGBT + engender identity. Don't hesitate to reach out to me and ask me if I have experience in working with clients like you. I'm looking forward to hearing.
(650) 670-4976 View (650) 670-4976
Photo of Gary Vincent Ventimiglia, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MA, MFT
Gary Vincent Ventimiglia
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MA, MFT
Van Nuys, CA 91406
The client I like most to work with are those who because of developmental woundedness are not reaching the goals they have set for themselves both personally and professionally. They may be experiencing symptoms such as depression, anxiety, or guilt related to where they are at in life. These symptoms may be more current because of present situations that exacerbate issues of the unresolved conflict of chronic parental disregard, traumatic experience, and, or, the result of stifling defensive measures they have used to stay safe and get what they can from new relationships and experiences,
The client I like most to work with are those who because of developmental woundedness are not reaching the goals they have set for themselves both personally and professionally. They may be experiencing symptoms such as depression, anxiety, or guilt related to where they are at in life. These symptoms may be more current because of present situations that exacerbate issues of the unresolved conflict of chronic parental disregard, traumatic experience, and, or, the result of stifling defensive measures they have used to stay safe and get what they can from new relationships and experiences,
(818) 237-9752 View (818) 237-9752
Photo of Veronica Ghabour, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Veronica Ghabour
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Online Only
Mental health challenges are due to the aftereffects of traumatic experiences. Trauma can place a strain on your family, work, relationships, and even cause issues with self-worth. I specialize in trauma therapy along with treating personality disorders, depression, anxiety, ADHD, and addiction. All these disorders can look different from person to person, and that is where our therapeutic journey of empowerment and self-exploration begins. I concentrate on creating a safe space of growth and self-discovery through unconditional positive regard, emotional regulation, and guided activities.
Mental health challenges are due to the aftereffects of traumatic experiences. Trauma can place a strain on your family, work, relationships, and even cause issues with self-worth. I specialize in trauma therapy along with treating personality disorders, depression, anxiety, ADHD, and addiction. All these disorders can look different from person to person, and that is where our therapeutic journey of empowerment and self-exploration begins. I concentrate on creating a safe space of growth and self-discovery through unconditional positive regard, emotional regulation, and guided activities.
(323) 917-8794 View (323) 917-8794
Photo of Francine Verrett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Francine Verrett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Van Nuys, CA 91405
I believe we are born with an inherent bodily wisdom, our "bones of knowing" which helps us to distinguish which experiences allow us to expand or cause us to shrink. We are born with basic primal emotional needs for love, safety and acceptance. For many of us these needs were not met. We often come out of childhood with unmourned losses and a false self or persona. Together we can explore those deeper needs which often underlie symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress and learn to fulfill these needs as they occur in the present, taking responsibility for our own happiness.
I believe we are born with an inherent bodily wisdom, our "bones of knowing" which helps us to distinguish which experiences allow us to expand or cause us to shrink. We are born with basic primal emotional needs for love, safety and acceptance. For many of us these needs were not met. We often come out of childhood with unmourned losses and a false self or persona. Together we can explore those deeper needs which often underlie symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress and learn to fulfill these needs as they occur in the present, taking responsibility for our own happiness.
(818) 741-3566 View (818) 741-3566
Photo of Anik Janjughazyan, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Anik Janjughazyan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Van Nuys, CA 91423
You are here–seeking answers, hoping to find a safe place where you feel truly heard and guided within a professional setting. A place where the client can explore unresolved conflicts, past traumas, fears and frustrations. Gaining a sense of relief, through a better understanding of the issues they face . In time, and with your permission, we will do the collaborative work to improve our quality of life and strengthen our relationships with others and ourselves.
You are here–seeking answers, hoping to find a safe place where you feel truly heard and guided within a professional setting. A place where the client can explore unresolved conflicts, past traumas, fears and frustrations. Gaining a sense of relief, through a better understanding of the issues they face . In time, and with your permission, we will do the collaborative work to improve our quality of life and strengthen our relationships with others and ourselves.
(818) 308-1652 View (818) 308-1652
Photo of Emma Rockvam, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Emma Rockvam
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Van Nuys, CA 91405
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, body image struggles, obsessive thoughts, or the lingering impact of trauma? These experiences can feel isolating, but you don’t have to navigate them alone. In our work together, we’ll gently uncover what’s beneath the surface, giving space to long-held emotions and creating a path toward healing. My goal is to help you process unresolved trauma and reconnect with a more grounded, integrated sense of self so that you can move forward with clarity and confidence.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, body image struggles, obsessive thoughts, or the lingering impact of trauma? These experiences can feel isolating, but you don’t have to navigate them alone. In our work together, we’ll gently uncover what’s beneath the surface, giving space to long-held emotions and creating a path toward healing. My goal is to help you process unresolved trauma and reconnect with a more grounded, integrated sense of self so that you can move forward with clarity and confidence.
(323) 973-1624 View (323) 973-1624
Photo of Lauren Stanley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lauren Stanley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Los Angeles, California, with over ten years of experience supporting children, adolescents, and adults in various settings. Throughout my career, I’ve had the privilege of working with individuals facing challenges such as anxiety, stress, ADHD, and depression. My work focuses on helping clients develop coping skills, navigate life stressors, embrace change, and improve their overall well-being. I believe in the power of therapy to foster growth and resilience, and I’m dedicated to guiding you on your path to emotional health and balance.
I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Los Angeles, California, with over ten years of experience supporting children, adolescents, and adults in various settings. Throughout my career, I’ve had the privilege of working with individuals facing challenges such as anxiety, stress, ADHD, and depression. My work focuses on helping clients develop coping skills, navigate life stressors, embrace change, and improve their overall well-being. I believe in the power of therapy to foster growth and resilience, and I’m dedicated to guiding you on your path to emotional health and balance.
(213) 681-0333 View (213) 681-0333
Photo of Elizabeth Huck, Pre-Licensed Professional, EMDR, DBT, IFS
Elizabeth Huck
Pre-Licensed Professional, EMDR, DBT, IFS
Online Only
The toll of trauma, stress, anxiety, & depression builds over time, things that once seemed manageable turn into a life that's not our own, because we're stuck in survival mode. It's exhausting. As a therapist, my goal is to collaborate with you to safely navigate your inner landscape and put pieces together so you can uncover your unique abilities and create a mental health toolkit that will carry you through a lifetime. I am here to support you in working through unresolved feelings and conflicts and guide you toward healing. Therefore, you can feel empowered, rejuvenated, and enthusiastic about life again.
The toll of trauma, stress, anxiety, & depression builds over time, things that once seemed manageable turn into a life that's not our own, because we're stuck in survival mode. It's exhausting. As a therapist, my goal is to collaborate with you to safely navigate your inner landscape and put pieces together so you can uncover your unique abilities and create a mental health toolkit that will carry you through a lifetime. I am here to support you in working through unresolved feelings and conflicts and guide you toward healing. Therefore, you can feel empowered, rejuvenated, and enthusiastic about life again.
(323) 612-1661 View (323) 612-1661
Photo of Toppacio Rodriguez, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Toppacio Rodriguez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hello, my name is Toppacio Rodriguez, but you can refer to me as Topy. My pronouns are she/her (ella/ellas). As a therapist, I will follow your lead and provide suggestions and information on what options are available. I'm a big believer that having limited expectations only provide limited opportunities. I will collaborate with you to identify challenges in your path, brainstorm with you and be on your side as you see what works best. I have had the pleasure of learning from various groups and populations. I obtained experience working in Family Preservation assisting families through the reunification process.
Hello, my name is Toppacio Rodriguez, but you can refer to me as Topy. My pronouns are she/her (ella/ellas). As a therapist, I will follow your lead and provide suggestions and information on what options are available. I'm a big believer that having limited expectations only provide limited opportunities. I will collaborate with you to identify challenges in your path, brainstorm with you and be on your side as you see what works best. I have had the pleasure of learning from various groups and populations. I obtained experience working in Family Preservation assisting families through the reunification process.
(619) 853-3973 View (619) 853-3973
Photo of Alex Beatty, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Alex Beatty
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I love working with couples, families, and individuals to support them in connecting with themselves and with the people who are important to them. I aim to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can feel seen, heard, and supported in both your challenges and in your growth. My experience centers on anxiety, depression, family conflict, and family / relationship challenges.
I love working with couples, families, and individuals to support them in connecting with themselves and with the people who are important to them. I aim to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can feel seen, heard, and supported in both your challenges and in your growth. My experience centers on anxiety, depression, family conflict, and family / relationship challenges.
(818) 797-9667 View (818) 797-9667
Photo of Maryam Ashraf, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Maryam Ashraf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Van Nuys, CA 91405
Do you find yourself struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, self-esteem, identity, and difficult life transitions? Do you find yourself feeling stuck and can’t seem to focus or move forward? There are many ways to get unstuck, and this is the work I love to do to help you heal, grow and live a more fulfilling life. I use an integrative approach including attachment-based work, DBT, CBT, IFS, and mindfulness, bringing in each as needed. Above all, I strive to hold space and empathy for your life experience.
Do you find yourself struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, self-esteem, identity, and difficult life transitions? Do you find yourself feeling stuck and can’t seem to focus or move forward? There are many ways to get unstuck, and this is the work I love to do to help you heal, grow and live a more fulfilling life. I use an integrative approach including attachment-based work, DBT, CBT, IFS, and mindfulness, bringing in each as needed. Above all, I strive to hold space and empathy for your life experience.
(323) 693-8601 View (323) 693-8601
Photo of Christi Taylor-Jones, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Christi Taylor-Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Van Nuys, CA 91405
Waitlist for new clients
My ideal client is a person who is longing to find purpose and meaning in their life and who look beyond mere symptom removal to a sense of who they are, what information the symptom may offer them, and how to live a more fulfilling life, be it as an individual, couple or member of a family. In short, a person who is interested in exploring the depths of their psyche and soul and is not just looking for advice or a quick fix; someone who understands that there is profound meaning in their suffering.
My ideal client is a person who is longing to find purpose and meaning in their life and who look beyond mere symptom removal to a sense of who they are, what information the symptom may offer them, and how to live a more fulfilling life, be it as an individual, couple or member of a family. In short, a person who is interested in exploring the depths of their psyche and soul and is not just looking for advice or a quick fix; someone who understands that there is profound meaning in their suffering.
(818) 287-6597 View (818) 287-6597
Photo of Judith Sorto, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Judith Sorto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
My name is Judith Sorto and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Los Angeles, California. I work with adolescents and adults and specialize in anxiety, depression, and trauma. I use Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Solution-focused to help clients make positive changes and live a more fulfilling life. My approach is tailored to the needs of each individual. I use Trauma-Focused Cognitive behavioral therapy, solution-focused to help each individual get through life stressors, identify and reframe negative and unhelpful thoughts, and make positive changes in life.
My name is Judith Sorto and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Los Angeles, California. I work with adolescents and adults and specialize in anxiety, depression, and trauma. I use Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Solution-focused to help clients make positive changes and live a more fulfilling life. My approach is tailored to the needs of each individual. I use Trauma-Focused Cognitive behavioral therapy, solution-focused to help each individual get through life stressors, identify and reframe negative and unhelpful thoughts, and make positive changes in life.
(909) 323-0609 View (909) 323-0609
Photo of Jeneve Nunez Kanaventi, Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Jeneve Nunez Kanaventi
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Van Nuys, CA 91411
Dr. Kanaventi is passionate about helping families and individuals develop effective strategies to improve connection and increase resilience. She uses a creative, compassionate, curious, and collaborative approach to helping families and individuals. She demonstrates high ethical standards and a commitment to helping families and all individuals struggling. Dr. Kanaventi is unique in her approach to therapy in that her primary focus is on the current state of the family system or the individual and develop a positive connection and relationship with the person.
Dr. Kanaventi is passionate about helping families and individuals develop effective strategies to improve connection and increase resilience. She uses a creative, compassionate, curious, and collaborative approach to helping families and individuals. She demonstrates high ethical standards and a commitment to helping families and all individuals struggling. Dr. Kanaventi is unique in her approach to therapy in that her primary focus is on the current state of the family system or the individual and develop a positive connection and relationship with the person.
(323) 498-3653 View (323) 498-3653
Photo of Natasha Dellinger Singer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Natasha Dellinger Singer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
1 Endorsed
Van Nuys, CA 91406
Most of us face challenges in life, and recent times have brought more stress, feelings of isolation, and grief to many. I would love to support you through your challenges and assist you to find the peace you are looking for. You don't have to go it alone. I offer more than 30 years of specialized professional experience in Trauma, Grief, and Substance Abuse. My own life experiences enable me to offer unique assistance in helping you find your way and to heal. I've attained 43 years of sobriety, dealt with the loss of my daughter due to addiction, and recovered from traumas in my own childhood.
Most of us face challenges in life, and recent times have brought more stress, feelings of isolation, and grief to many. I would love to support you through your challenges and assist you to find the peace you are looking for. You don't have to go it alone. I offer more than 30 years of specialized professional experience in Trauma, Grief, and Substance Abuse. My own life experiences enable me to offer unique assistance in helping you find your way and to heal. I've attained 43 years of sobriety, dealt with the loss of my daughter due to addiction, and recovered from traumas in my own childhood.
(818) 629-0126 View (818) 629-0126
Photo of Dorise Hebenstreit, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, EMDR
Dorise Hebenstreit
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, EMDR
Online Only
My focus is to help individuals and families heal from anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship/family issues. As the therapeutic area of concern is introduced, we can begin to work together in developing empowerment of self as we set up together healthy and achievable goals. I aim to establish include compassion, good communication and trust. In our relationship then I will work alongside you to develop your own coping tools. My approach is a person-centered (positive type) direction to further your strengths and resilience which is tailored towards your specific goals and needs.
My focus is to help individuals and families heal from anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship/family issues. As the therapeutic area of concern is introduced, we can begin to work together in developing empowerment of self as we set up together healthy and achievable goals. I aim to establish include compassion, good communication and trust. In our relationship then I will work alongside you to develop your own coping tools. My approach is a person-centered (positive type) direction to further your strengths and resilience which is tailored towards your specific goals and needs.
(323) 774-5883 View (323) 774-5883
Arielle Penn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
My dream client is a high-functioning woman who appears to be managing it all—but inside, she’s carrying the weight of anxiety, pressure, and deep emotional overwhelm. She might be navigating a major life transition like divorce, a career pivot, motherhood, fertility challenges, or menopause. She may be successful on paper yet struggling to maintain boundaries, meet others’ expectations, or feel truly connected to herself. She could be facing workplace discrimination, identity shifts, or silently asking, “When is it my turn to exhale?
My dream client is a high-functioning woman who appears to be managing it all—but inside, she’s carrying the weight of anxiety, pressure, and deep emotional overwhelm. She might be navigating a major life transition like divorce, a career pivot, motherhood, fertility challenges, or menopause. She may be successful on paper yet struggling to maintain boundaries, meet others’ expectations, or feel truly connected to herself. She could be facing workplace discrimination, identity shifts, or silently asking, “When is it my turn to exhale?
(818) 651-7844 View (818) 651-7844
Photo of Elizabeth Oganesyan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Elizabeth Oganesyan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Starting therapy can feel intimidating/uncertain-trusting someone new, wondering if it'll work, where to begin? But what if it does work? There is so much potential for healing & growth, & it all starts with one decision: to try. I specialize in helping individuals unpack feelings of anxiety, depression and learn how to navigate them more effectively. These conditions manifest in many ways - isolating, avoiding, ruminating, negative self-talk, or feeling constant worry/fear. Together, we will strategize how to help you move forward with confidence with your goals and progress as our primary focus.
Starting therapy can feel intimidating/uncertain-trusting someone new, wondering if it'll work, where to begin? But what if it does work? There is so much potential for healing & growth, & it all starts with one decision: to try. I specialize in helping individuals unpack feelings of anxiety, depression and learn how to navigate them more effectively. These conditions manifest in many ways - isolating, avoiding, ruminating, negative self-talk, or feeling constant worry/fear. Together, we will strategize how to help you move forward with confidence with your goals and progress as our primary focus.
(619) 943-3098 View (619) 943-3098
Photo of Leda Knee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, MDR
Leda Knee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, MDR
Online Only
My particular expertise is in joining any client on their journey towards reaching their goals, whether it be anxiety management, a successful life transition, processing recent or older trauma, or anything else that may be making life a bit more difficult right now. My ideal clients are adolescents or adults wanting to make change, but who aren't sure how. You are dealing with life and all of its uncertainties. I feel privileged to be invited to be your partner in helping you find the solutions that already live inside of you.
My particular expertise is in joining any client on their journey towards reaching their goals, whether it be anxiety management, a successful life transition, processing recent or older trauma, or anything else that may be making life a bit more difficult right now. My ideal clients are adolescents or adults wanting to make change, but who aren't sure how. You are dealing with life and all of its uncertainties. I feel privileged to be invited to be your partner in helping you find the solutions that already live inside of you.
(323) 968-5267 View (323) 968-5267

See more therapy options for Van Nuys

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Van Nuys, CA

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Van Nuys, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
85% Depression
68% Coping Skills
67% Relationship Issues
65% Self Esteem
62% Trauma and PTSD
62% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Aetna
84% Cigna and Evernorth
80% Optum

How Therapists in Van Nuys, CA see their clients

63% Online Only
37% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Van Nuys?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.