Therapists in Valencia, CA

Photo of Dr. Karla Arriaran - Dr. Karla Arriaran-- Individuals & Couples, LCSW, EdD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Karla Arriaran-- Individuals & Couples
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EdD
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you constantly worried, having difficulty sleeping or experiencing self-doubt? Maybe you're preparing for a significant life transition? In the fast-paced world of professional success, maintaining a healthy work-life balance can be a daunting challenge. As a therapist specializing in working with high-achieving individuals and couples, I understand the unique pressures and complexities that come with demanding careers. Therapy benefits individuals personally and professionally by providing insights into emotions, behaviors and thought patterns.
Are you constantly worried, having difficulty sleeping or experiencing self-doubt? Maybe you're preparing for a significant life transition? In the fast-paced world of professional success, maintaining a healthy work-life balance can be a daunting challenge. As a therapist specializing in working with high-achieving individuals and couples, I understand the unique pressures and complexities that come with demanding careers. Therapy benefits individuals personally and professionally by providing insights into emotions, behaviors and thought patterns.
(877) 851-4401 View (877) 851-4401
Photo of Michelle Stockton, APCC, Counselor
Michelle Stockton
Counselor, APCC
Verified Verified
Valencia, CA 91355
My mission is to empower individuals, couples, and families to navigate their challenges, discover their resilience, and lead lives that are fulfilling and meaningful.
My mission is to empower individuals, couples, and families to navigate their challenges, discover their resilience, and lead lives that are fulfilling and meaningful.
(661) 463-7924 View (661) 463-7924
Photo of Shane E Bulkley, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shane E Bulkley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Valencia, CA 91355
I have experience working with all types of clients. The clients that find the greatest success are those that have a desire to change and are willing to put in the work. I love seeing the amazing healing power that can come when clients overcome difficulties. Meeting with clients on their first intake assessment and then sitting with them as they work and grow on their journey towards happiness in this life is why I came into this field.
I have experience working with all types of clients. The clients that find the greatest success are those that have a desire to change and are willing to put in the work. I love seeing the amazing healing power that can come when clients overcome difficulties. Meeting with clients on their first intake assessment and then sitting with them as they work and grow on their journey towards happiness in this life is why I came into this field.
(661) 591-4793 View (661) 591-4793
Photo of Brittany Kiko Reimann, LMFT , Marriage & Family Therapist
Brittany Kiko Reimann
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Please note that I am a virtual provider only: Telehealth Only . At times life can be challenging and with its constant changing it can be helpful to be able to process and explore ourselves in a safe, comfortable and confidential private practice setting. Being vulnerable is sometimes difficult and overwhelming yet highlighting your strength in seeking out support to reach that next level.
Please note that I am a virtual provider only: Telehealth Only . At times life can be challenging and with its constant changing it can be helpful to be able to process and explore ourselves in a safe, comfortable and confidential private practice setting. Being vulnerable is sometimes difficult and overwhelming yet highlighting your strength in seeking out support to reach that next level.
(747) 200-8769 View (747) 200-8769
Photo of Charlotte Strong, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Charlotte Strong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
My approach to therapy is working with you to get you where you want to be. My goal is to provide help, hope and understanding in a warm and accepting environment. I am a talking therapist as much as I am a listening therapist. What that means is that I listen to the issues you bring; provide feedback and tools for change. I actively engage in conversation with you. A large part of our work is about filling your tool box with tools to create the change you want to see in your life.
My approach to therapy is working with you to get you where you want to be. My goal is to provide help, hope and understanding in a warm and accepting environment. I am a talking therapist as much as I am a listening therapist. What that means is that I listen to the issues you bring; provide feedback and tools for change. I actively engage in conversation with you. A large part of our work is about filling your tool box with tools to create the change you want to see in your life.
(661) 263-4900 View (661) 263-4900
Photo of Virginia Chavez, LPCC, MS, PPS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Virginia Chavez
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC, MS, PPS
Verified Verified
Valencia, CA 91354
Anxiety can give us all the feels… and not the pleasant ones. Overwhelm, exhaustion, panic, nervousness, distraction… you name it, Anxiety is a big deal. It can keep us from doing the things we love, spending time with family and friends, and keeps us from our day to day responsibilities. In therapy, you will learn skillful responses to anxiety… ‘cause let’s be real.. anxiety isn’t going away. So let’s find out how to to beat anxiety and win your life back. Because you are worth it!
Anxiety can give us all the feels… and not the pleasant ones. Overwhelm, exhaustion, panic, nervousness, distraction… you name it, Anxiety is a big deal. It can keep us from doing the things we love, spending time with family and friends, and keeps us from our day to day responsibilities. In therapy, you will learn skillful responses to anxiety… ‘cause let’s be real.. anxiety isn’t going away. So let’s find out how to to beat anxiety and win your life back. Because you are worth it!
(916) 280-0237 View (916) 280-0237
Photo of Frank B. Manning, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Frank B. Manning
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Valencia, CA 91355
I learned long ago in my own therapy that to be happy, first I had to learn to love myself. Now, as a marriage and family therapist, I help my clients do the same. Therapist Carl Rogers said, "The curious paradox is that when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change." You don't have to be perfect; it's okay to make mistakes. To realize your dreams, you must face your fears and take risks. It's easier when you stop worrying so much about reaching your goal, and learn to savor the process itself.
I learned long ago in my own therapy that to be happy, first I had to learn to love myself. Now, as a marriage and family therapist, I help my clients do the same. Therapist Carl Rogers said, "The curious paradox is that when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change." You don't have to be perfect; it's okay to make mistakes. To realize your dreams, you must face your fears and take risks. It's easier when you stop worrying so much about reaching your goal, and learn to savor the process itself.
(661) 797-4510 View (661) 797-4510
Photo of Kathryn A Glickman, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kathryn A Glickman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Valencia, CA 91355
You may feel lost right now, but you are actually on your path. Let me explain. I envision therapy as a step along your path. And you are walking along the path of a labyrinth. You begin walking along the path with the goal of reaching the center. Upon reaching the center, you discover yourself.
You may feel lost right now, but you are actually on your path. Let me explain. I envision therapy as a step along your path. And you are walking along the path of a labyrinth. You begin walking along the path with the goal of reaching the center. Upon reaching the center, you discover yourself.
(661) 480-6993 View (661) 480-6993
Photo of Danielle Cutler, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Danielle Cutler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Valencia, CA 91355
Not accepting new clients
I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional and a Certified ADHD Professional. I work through a depth-psychology lens to pinpoint and heal developmental and trauma wounds by identifying unconscious/subconscious thoughts that create the symptoms that lead you to therapy. Meanwhile, I simultaneously provide knowledge and tools to empower and guide you to discovery of your true Self. During the pandemic I experienced and then trained in brainspotting, which I use in person, online, and over the phone to nuke the source of stubborn symptoms that have not responded to traditional talk therapy.
I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional and a Certified ADHD Professional. I work through a depth-psychology lens to pinpoint and heal developmental and trauma wounds by identifying unconscious/subconscious thoughts that create the symptoms that lead you to therapy. Meanwhile, I simultaneously provide knowledge and tools to empower and guide you to discovery of your true Self. During the pandemic I experienced and then trained in brainspotting, which I use in person, online, and over the phone to nuke the source of stubborn symptoms that have not responded to traditional talk therapy.
(818) 369-3078 View (818) 369-3078
Photo of Dr. Laura Escalona Barragan, MSW, PsyD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Laura Escalona Barragan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Valencia, CA 91355
I am a bilingual (English/Spanish) Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years of experience in the field of mental health. I have had the opportunity to work with a diverse group of individuals from different backgrounds and cultures. It has been a privilege to be able to provide support and guidance to those who are experiencing difficult times in their lives. My specialties and areas of focus are working with women around life transitions and trauma work by utilizing approaches such as Brianspotting and EMDR. As your therapist, I will provide a safe, non-judgmental space for you to process your thoughts and feelings.
I am a bilingual (English/Spanish) Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years of experience in the field of mental health. I have had the opportunity to work with a diverse group of individuals from different backgrounds and cultures. It has been a privilege to be able to provide support and guidance to those who are experiencing difficult times in their lives. My specialties and areas of focus are working with women around life transitions and trauma work by utilizing approaches such as Brianspotting and EMDR. As your therapist, I will provide a safe, non-judgmental space for you to process your thoughts and feelings.
(661) 463-8105 View (661) 463-8105
Photo of Linda Raviv, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Linda Raviv
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Valencia, CA 91355
Making the decision to call or consult a therapist is a difficult one but may be the best gift you can give yourself. It means you have taken an important step in changing your life. As a practicing psychotherapist I have treated adults, families, teens and children since 1981 and love to help people find their true sense of self and improve their functioning at work and in their relationships. Over the years I have helped many adults, children and teens with academic and behavioral issues, family conflicts, depression, anxiety and chronic pain relief.
Making the decision to call or consult a therapist is a difficult one but may be the best gift you can give yourself. It means you have taken an important step in changing your life. As a practicing psychotherapist I have treated adults, families, teens and children since 1981 and love to help people find their true sense of self and improve their functioning at work and in their relationships. Over the years I have helped many adults, children and teens with academic and behavioral issues, family conflicts, depression, anxiety and chronic pain relief.
(661) 412-9609 View (661) 412-9609
Photo of Deborah J Rippee, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Deborah J Rippee
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Valencia, CA 91354
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I treat a wide range of mental health issues, however my specialties include: Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, Grief, Coping/Stress Management, and Difficult Life Transitions. Your past and current life circumstances have a major impact on who you become. Generational differences (Gen Xers, Millennials, Gen Zs), family dynamics, and gender norms are a few of the many influences that are vital to my process of rapport building, treatment, and true empathy. I have a passion for assessing and meeting the needs of an individual within the context of their unique social experience.
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I treat a wide range of mental health issues, however my specialties include: Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, Grief, Coping/Stress Management, and Difficult Life Transitions. Your past and current life circumstances have a major impact on who you become. Generational differences (Gen Xers, Millennials, Gen Zs), family dynamics, and gender norms are a few of the many influences that are vital to my process of rapport building, treatment, and true empathy. I have a passion for assessing and meeting the needs of an individual within the context of their unique social experience.
(818) 485-4883 View (818) 485-4883
Photo of Sandra Santana, PsyD, Psychologist
Sandra Santana
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Valencia, CA 91355
Asking for help can be so difficult, but you are not alone. Whether you are suffering from anxiety, depression, personal loss or chronic stress, I am here to help you. As a licensed psychologist with over 20 years of experience, I will help you find the tools to overcome the barriers that are stopping you from finding balance and happiness in your life. I provide a very safe, relaxed and non-judgmental environment, where we collaborate as a team to help you meet your personal goals. My approach is to be empathic and directive, tailored to your needs.
Asking for help can be so difficult, but you are not alone. Whether you are suffering from anxiety, depression, personal loss or chronic stress, I am here to help you. As a licensed psychologist with over 20 years of experience, I will help you find the tools to overcome the barriers that are stopping you from finding balance and happiness in your life. I provide a very safe, relaxed and non-judgmental environment, where we collaborate as a team to help you meet your personal goals. My approach is to be empathic and directive, tailored to your needs.
(661) 473-2242 View (661) 473-2242
Photo of Chelsea Spagnola, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Chelsea Spagnola
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Valencia, CA 91355
Life happens! Unexpected loss, phase-of-life transitions, the stress of parenting, managing your career, and maintaining relationships often lead to feeling frustrated, overwhelmed, and out of sync. As a therapist, it is my role to empathize, educate and empower. Working from a collaborative, strength-based approach, I will guide you through therapy and help you take control of your life to establish healthier ways of thinking, feeling, and being. I nurture a supportive and safe atmosphere where you can work through hardships and build upon the strengths and skills that have helped you to overcome past challenges.
Life happens! Unexpected loss, phase-of-life transitions, the stress of parenting, managing your career, and maintaining relationships often lead to feeling frustrated, overwhelmed, and out of sync. As a therapist, it is my role to empathize, educate and empower. Working from a collaborative, strength-based approach, I will guide you through therapy and help you take control of your life to establish healthier ways of thinking, feeling, and being. I nurture a supportive and safe atmosphere where you can work through hardships and build upon the strengths and skills that have helped you to overcome past challenges.
(818) 824-8970 View (818) 824-8970
Photo of Michael Paul Wikler, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Michael Paul Wikler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Valencia, CA 91355
Embarking on the search for a therapist can feel overwhelming, but I’m here to make the process more approachable. I specialize in both brief and long-term therapy, addressing challenges related to relationships, depression, anxiety, and the unique complexities of reunification therapy. With extensive experience, I help individuals and families navigate the intricate journey of rebuilding and strengthening connections. My approach is rooted in empathy, positivity, and a non-judgmental perspective, ensuring a safe and supportive environment.
Embarking on the search for a therapist can feel overwhelming, but I’m here to make the process more approachable. I specialize in both brief and long-term therapy, addressing challenges related to relationships, depression, anxiety, and the unique complexities of reunification therapy. With extensive experience, I help individuals and families navigate the intricate journey of rebuilding and strengthening connections. My approach is rooted in empathy, positivity, and a non-judgmental perspective, ensuring a safe and supportive environment.
(661) 425-9013 View (661) 425-9013
Photo of Stephanie Swope, MA, LPCC, PPS, NCC
Stephanie Swope
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC, PPS, NCC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Valencia, CA 91355
Feeling overwhelmed or stuck? Tired of searching? Do you know in your mind what you need to do but can't seem to change your pattern? Are you struggling to focus, stay present, or be productive? Maybe little things feel more frustrating, tense, or stressful than usual. Sometimes, we aren't sure what causes our distress, but we can sense we're not reaching our potential for health, happiness, or success. Even when we know the cause, change can still feel impossible. That's where I come in. My job is to listen without judgment, help you understand the root causes of your issues, and teach you practical tools to change your life.
Feeling overwhelmed or stuck? Tired of searching? Do you know in your mind what you need to do but can't seem to change your pattern? Are you struggling to focus, stay present, or be productive? Maybe little things feel more frustrating, tense, or stressful than usual. Sometimes, we aren't sure what causes our distress, but we can sense we're not reaching our potential for health, happiness, or success. Even when we know the cause, change can still feel impossible. That's where I come in. My job is to listen without judgment, help you understand the root causes of your issues, and teach you practical tools to change your life.
(707) 241-9070 View (707) 241-9070
Photo of Chante Rogers, LMFT, LEP, Marriage & Family Therapist
Chante Rogers
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LEP
Verified Verified
Valencia, CA 91355
Our thoughts, feelings, and beliefs have the power to govern our behaviors. Those behaviors can subsequently cause us to create a positive, thriving, and healthy lifestyle. On the other hand, having feelings of anger, hopelessness, and fear is also in our creative power. Sometimes we are faced with situations that we feel unprepared, overwhelmed, or ill-equipped to handle successfully. Through collaboration, I'm here to help strengthen your healthy coping skills which will assist you with working through life adversities. The challenges we face and overcome can build resilience, healthy coping skills, and empowerment.
Our thoughts, feelings, and beliefs have the power to govern our behaviors. Those behaviors can subsequently cause us to create a positive, thriving, and healthy lifestyle. On the other hand, having feelings of anger, hopelessness, and fear is also in our creative power. Sometimes we are faced with situations that we feel unprepared, overwhelmed, or ill-equipped to handle successfully. Through collaboration, I'm here to help strengthen your healthy coping skills which will assist you with working through life adversities. The challenges we face and overcome can build resilience, healthy coping skills, and empowerment.
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Photo of Ellen Bradley-Windell - Valencia Relationship Institute, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Valencia Relationship Institute
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Valencia, CA 91355
Is your child, adolescent or teenager depressed or acting out in ways that have you concerned? Are you worried about your child or teenager's behavior and emotional well being following a divorce? Are you a first responder family seeking culturally competent clinicians? Are you a person in the midst of life transitions and need some help moving forward? If you answered "yes" to any of these questions, there is help. Valencia Relationship Institute (VRI) should be your first call for help. We have 17 therapists with specializations in all of these areas. Call right now and speak to our Client Care Coordinator. See you soon!
Is your child, adolescent or teenager depressed or acting out in ways that have you concerned? Are you worried about your child or teenager's behavior and emotional well being following a divorce? Are you a first responder family seeking culturally competent clinicians? Are you a person in the midst of life transitions and need some help moving forward? If you answered "yes" to any of these questions, there is help. Valencia Relationship Institute (VRI) should be your first call for help. We have 17 therapists with specializations in all of these areas. Call right now and speak to our Client Care Coordinator. See you soon!
(661) 426-8124 x205 View (661) 426-8124 x205
Photo of Zack Reed-Fier, MA, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Zack Reed-Fier
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Valencia, CA 91355
Are you a people-pleaser? Feeling anxious, fatigued, or unmotivated? Are you burned out from chronic pain / illness? Are you or your loved ones repeating patterns & wishing you could break the cycle? Maybe life just feels more stressful than usual. Sometimes, we aren't sure what causes our distress, but we can sense we're not reaching our potential for health, happiness, or success. Even when we know the cause, change can still feel impossible. That's where I come in. My job is to listen, help you understand the root causes of your difficulties, break unwanted patterns, and teach you practical tools to help you change your life.
Are you a people-pleaser? Feeling anxious, fatigued, or unmotivated? Are you burned out from chronic pain / illness? Are you or your loved ones repeating patterns & wishing you could break the cycle? Maybe life just feels more stressful than usual. Sometimes, we aren't sure what causes our distress, but we can sense we're not reaching our potential for health, happiness, or success. Even when we know the cause, change can still feel impossible. That's where I come in. My job is to listen, help you understand the root causes of your difficulties, break unwanted patterns, and teach you practical tools to help you change your life.
(707) 306-4768 View (707) 306-4768
Photo of New U Therapy Center Family Services - New U Therapy Center & Family Services, MD, LMFT, PsyD, LCSW, PMHNP, Marriage & Family Therapist
New U Therapy Center & Family Services
Marriage & Family Therapist, MD, LMFT, PsyD, LCSW, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Valencia, CA 91355
Psychiatry and Psychotherapy are available within one week. We take most of the insurance! We have multiple high-quality providers. In-person and Telehealth in CA! Free Ketamine Assisted therapy is included in the IOP and PHP programs for qualified patients. Call us to get a free assessment. We carefully create an individual treatment plan for each patient. We have over 40 clinicians. We have existed for over 8 years as a Mental Health Clinic and have a high reputation.
Psychiatry and Psychotherapy are available within one week. We take most of the insurance! We have multiple high-quality providers. In-person and Telehealth in CA! Free Ketamine Assisted therapy is included in the IOP and PHP programs for qualified patients. Call us to get a free assessment. We carefully create an individual treatment plan for each patient. We have over 40 clinicians. We have existed for over 8 years as a Mental Health Clinic and have a high reputation.
(661) 438-0170 View (661) 438-0170

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Valencia, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Valencia, CA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills
66% Grief
65% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% Aetna
57% Optum
45% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Valencia, CA see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
19% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Valencia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.