Therapists in Turlock, CA

Photo of Teresa Kellstrom, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Teresa Kellstrom
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Turlock, CA 95382
My name is Teresa A. Kellstrom and I am a licensed marriage and family therapist, who has been practicing since 2009. I split my time between private practice and working in a non-profit agency. I have experience working with all ages of clients, particularly adult individuals dealing with overwhelming life stressors and adjustments. I welcome the opportunity to work with you! I have experience working with clients of all ages, providing individual, couples, and family therapy to those who need and want to improve their life. My passion is working with survivors of domestic violence or those in troubled relationships.
My name is Teresa A. Kellstrom and I am a licensed marriage and family therapist, who has been practicing since 2009. I split my time between private practice and working in a non-profit agency. I have experience working with all ages of clients, particularly adult individuals dealing with overwhelming life stressors and adjustments. I welcome the opportunity to work with you! I have experience working with clients of all ages, providing individual, couples, and family therapy to those who need and want to improve their life. My passion is working with survivors of domestic violence or those in troubled relationships.
(657) 571-1589 View (657) 571-1589
Photo of Mathew Cotton, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Mathew Cotton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Turlock, CA 95380
I bring over a decade of experience in community mental health, education, church settings, and private practice. I primarily work with individual men and couples but also have extensive experience supporting children and adolescents through emotional, behavioral, and relational challenges. I’m currently in training to become a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist (CSAT) through IITAP, equipping me to address compulsive sexual behaviors and the underlying trauma that often accompanies them.
I bring over a decade of experience in community mental health, education, church settings, and private practice. I primarily work with individual men and couples but also have extensive experience supporting children and adolescents through emotional, behavioral, and relational challenges. I’m currently in training to become a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist (CSAT) through IITAP, equipping me to address compulsive sexual behaviors and the underlying trauma that often accompanies them.
(209) 255-4636 View (209) 255-4636
Photo of Sharon Vernon, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Sharon Vernon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Whichever battle or challenge you may be facing, I can provide support to help you thrive rather than survive. During the valleys of our journey, support can be helpful to bring light and understanding. I like to highlight your inner strength in order to promote positive change. I'll help you through this time by building and celebrating your resiliency. I work from a variety of therapy models, and I like to match the style that will best fit your needs, including, but not limited to Solution-focused therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Motivational Interviewing.
Whichever battle or challenge you may be facing, I can provide support to help you thrive rather than survive. During the valleys of our journey, support can be helpful to bring light and understanding. I like to highlight your inner strength in order to promote positive change. I'll help you through this time by building and celebrating your resiliency. I work from a variety of therapy models, and I like to match the style that will best fit your needs, including, but not limited to Solution-focused therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Motivational Interviewing.
(916) 659-7909 View (916) 659-7909
Photo of Adriana Perez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Adriana Perez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in the Central Valley of California. With a focus on adolescents, I specialize in helping individuals manage anxiety and stress, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) as a core approach to empower my clients to identify negative thought patterns, build coping strategies, and make meaningful progress in their mental well-being. My goal is to create a supportive, non-judgmental environment where each client can gain the tools they need to navigate life's challenges.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in the Central Valley of California. With a focus on adolescents, I specialize in helping individuals manage anxiety and stress, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) as a core approach to empower my clients to identify negative thought patterns, build coping strategies, and make meaningful progress in their mental well-being. My goal is to create a supportive, non-judgmental environment where each client can gain the tools they need to navigate life's challenges.
(341) 221-5077 View (341) 221-5077
Photo of Angela Scott, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Angela Scott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi there, I’m Angela Scott. I’m a LCSW with over 8 years of experience working with both adults and children. Being your best self requires a robust support system, and I am happy to be part of that. My therapeutic approach is always to meet you where you are in your mental health journey. I will help you work towards your goals by incorporating cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, humanistic therapy, integrative therapy, and others. My goal is to create a warm and accepting environment for my clients to feel supported. There is no right way to be a client/patient, and all are welcome.
Hi there, I’m Angela Scott. I’m a LCSW with over 8 years of experience working with both adults and children. Being your best self requires a robust support system, and I am happy to be part of that. My therapeutic approach is always to meet you where you are in your mental health journey. I will help you work towards your goals by incorporating cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, humanistic therapy, integrative therapy, and others. My goal is to create a warm and accepting environment for my clients to feel supported. There is no right way to be a client/patient, and all are welcome.
(747) 977-9162 View (747) 977-9162
Photo of Sara Hack, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Sara Hack
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Turlock, CA 95380
My name is Sara Hack and I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist and an Associate Professional Clinical Counselor. It takes tremendous amounts of courage to ask for help when you feel like life has become too heavy around you. Life can be unjust, exhausting, overwhelming, and terrifying at times. My goal is to help clients explore and identify the origin of those negative thoughts and feelings by creating a safe, trusting and inviting environment for clients to feel accepted, confident, and supported.
My name is Sara Hack and I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist and an Associate Professional Clinical Counselor. It takes tremendous amounts of courage to ask for help when you feel like life has become too heavy around you. Life can be unjust, exhausting, overwhelming, and terrifying at times. My goal is to help clients explore and identify the origin of those negative thoughts and feelings by creating a safe, trusting and inviting environment for clients to feel accepted, confident, and supported.
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Photo of Savannah Aguilar - Savannah Aguilar, AMFT (Abalance Counseling), Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Savannah Aguilar, AMFT (Abalance Counseling)
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Online Only
Are you feeling overwhelmed, worry all the time or feel a lack of joy? Anxiety and Depression are becoming more common, yet many people suffer in silence and do not seek professional care. But treatment is available. I am on the team of experienced mental health therapists at Abalance Client-Centered Counseling. We focus on helping you feel comfortable and respected as you share your issues and concerns. We create a unique and thoughtful treatment plan for you to get the most out of your sessions. Maybe it's time for you to prioritize you and start to regain some of the joy in your life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, worry all the time or feel a lack of joy? Anxiety and Depression are becoming more common, yet many people suffer in silence and do not seek professional care. But treatment is available. I am on the team of experienced mental health therapists at Abalance Client-Centered Counseling. We focus on helping you feel comfortable and respected as you share your issues and concerns. We create a unique and thoughtful treatment plan for you to get the most out of your sessions. Maybe it's time for you to prioritize you and start to regain some of the joy in your life.
(209) 806-4952 View (209) 806-4952
Photo of Yvette Allivato, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Yvette Allivato
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Turlock, CA 95380
Welcome — You’ve Taken the First Step Are you thinking about making a change in your life or relationships? Whether you're ready to dive in or just exploring the idea of therapy, you’re in the right place. The fact that you’re here means you’re already taking the first step—and that’s something to be proud of. I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 9 years of experience supporting children, teens, adults, couples, and families. My approach is warm, collaborative, and rooted in compassion. I’m here to provide you with the tools and support you need to move forward, feel better, and build stronger, healthier relations
Welcome — You’ve Taken the First Step Are you thinking about making a change in your life or relationships? Whether you're ready to dive in or just exploring the idea of therapy, you’re in the right place. The fact that you’re here means you’re already taking the first step—and that’s something to be proud of. I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 9 years of experience supporting children, teens, adults, couples, and families. My approach is warm, collaborative, and rooted in compassion. I’m here to provide you with the tools and support you need to move forward, feel better, and build stronger, healthier relations
(209) 850-7646 View (209) 850-7646
Photo of Jesse Michael, Counselor, APCC
Jesse Michael
Counselor, APCC
3 Endorsed
Turlock, CA 95380
We live in an overstimulating world. Our culture constantly has us on the go and it can be anxiety inducing. Sometimes the need to live up to all the expectations that get put on us by ourselves and others can be overwhelming. These feelings can lead to depression as well. I want to help clients slow down and function their best. In a world full of trials and traumas, sometimes we just need to take the time for some introspection.
We live in an overstimulating world. Our culture constantly has us on the go and it can be anxiety inducing. Sometimes the need to live up to all the expectations that get put on us by ourselves and others can be overwhelming. These feelings can lead to depression as well. I want to help clients slow down and function their best. In a world full of trials and traumas, sometimes we just need to take the time for some introspection.
(209) 720-0933 View (209) 720-0933
Photo of Antonio Alvarez, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Antonio Alvarez
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
2 Endorsed
Turlock, CA 95380
Hello, being a Bilingual (Spanish & English) Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, allows me to work with a diverse population in various aspects of life. My experience consist of working with adult men struggling with grief, trauma, anxiety, depression, family conflict and addiction. I enjoy helping individuals adjust to life transitions and live a more balanced life. I completed a Masters in Counseling Psychology with a dual concentration in Marriage Family Therapy and Professional Clinical Counseling.
Hello, being a Bilingual (Spanish & English) Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, allows me to work with a diverse population in various aspects of life. My experience consist of working with adult men struggling with grief, trauma, anxiety, depression, family conflict and addiction. I enjoy helping individuals adjust to life transitions and live a more balanced life. I completed a Masters in Counseling Psychology with a dual concentration in Marriage Family Therapy and Professional Clinical Counseling.
(209) 739-1027 View (209) 739-1027
Photo of Dan W Prine, Psychologist, PsyD
Dan W Prine
Psychologist, PsyD
Turlock, CA 95380
Most folks seek professional help in a time of crisis. My initial goal is to help to manage your overwhelming feelings regarding the situation you find yourself in. In many cases, helping you to recognize you may already have the skills to cope and showing you how to access those skills may be enough. Other times, after the crisis has subsided, you may become aware of recurrent patterns resulting in upsetting feelings. I am available to work with those looking for short term interventions, as well as those who want to address problems they have struggled with most of there lives.
Most folks seek professional help in a time of crisis. My initial goal is to help to manage your overwhelming feelings regarding the situation you find yourself in. In many cases, helping you to recognize you may already have the skills to cope and showing you how to access those skills may be enough. Other times, after the crisis has subsided, you may become aware of recurrent patterns resulting in upsetting feelings. I am available to work with those looking for short term interventions, as well as those who want to address problems they have struggled with most of there lives.
(209) 227-1469 View (209) 227-1469
Photo of Mae Tsutsumi Grimme, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mae Tsutsumi Grimme
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello friends! My name is Mae. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, a central valley native, and a keeper of all the secrets. I am currently located in Turlock, California, and am accepting appointments for new clients. While I do have an amazing therapy couch, and a killer cardigan collection- I am still searching for the perfect office space and can only accept telehealth appointments at this time. I can accept Medi-Cal plans, and some commercial insurance, please reach out if you have questions.
Hello friends! My name is Mae. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, a central valley native, and a keeper of all the secrets. I am currently located in Turlock, California, and am accepting appointments for new clients. While I do have an amazing therapy couch, and a killer cardigan collection- I am still searching for the perfect office space and can only accept telehealth appointments at this time. I can accept Medi-Cal plans, and some commercial insurance, please reach out if you have questions.
(209) 882-8797 View (209) 882-8797
Photo of Diana Harrison, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Diana Harrison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Turlock, CA 95380
Imagine a space where you can simply be yourself—where you don’t have to worry about judgment or pressure. In our work together, this is your place to explore who you truly are and what you truly need. Therapy with me is all about creating a space where you can show up as you, without having to pretend or hold back. If you’re feeling lost, uncertain, or just not like yourself lately, you’re not alone. So many people feel the weight of figuring out who they are, managing relationships, or finding a direction that feels right. Together, we’ll tackle all of it, one step at a time.
Imagine a space where you can simply be yourself—where you don’t have to worry about judgment or pressure. In our work together, this is your place to explore who you truly are and what you truly need. Therapy with me is all about creating a space where you can show up as you, without having to pretend or hold back. If you’re feeling lost, uncertain, or just not like yourself lately, you’re not alone. So many people feel the weight of figuring out who they are, managing relationships, or finding a direction that feels right. Together, we’ll tackle all of it, one step at a time.
(209) 219-2135 View (209) 219-2135
Photo of Dr. Diana Gilbert, EdD, LEP, NCSP
Dr. Diana Gilbert
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Turlock, CA 95380
Are you feeling confused and frustrated on how to help your child manage their learning, friendships, or emotions? Seeking support is a powerful first step toward empowering your child . As a licensed educational psychologist specializing in assessments and counseling, I’m here to help you navigate these challenges so you and your child can find answers and feel relief.
Are you feeling confused and frustrated on how to help your child manage their learning, friendships, or emotions? Seeking support is a powerful first step toward empowering your child . As a licensed educational psychologist specializing in assessments and counseling, I’m here to help you navigate these challenges so you and your child can find answers and feel relief.
(209) 257-8601 View (209) 257-8601
Photo of Chinyere Sandra Ofomah-Ogbodo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BSC, MSW, LCSW
Chinyere Sandra Ofomah-Ogbodo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BSC, MSW, LCSW
4 Endorsed
Turlock, CA 95380
I have experience working with individuals experiencing symptoms of early psychosis, and individuals who have experienced extreme traumatic events in childhood/adulthood. I am committed to offering quality, professional, culturally competent, evidence-based clinical services to clients with a wide range of needs. I have a passion for understanding and supporting individuals through symptoms of early psychosis, anxiety, depression, domestic violence, domestic violence victims, family conflict, parenting, childhood/adulthood trauma, addiction and relationship stress.
I have experience working with individuals experiencing symptoms of early psychosis, and individuals who have experienced extreme traumatic events in childhood/adulthood. I am committed to offering quality, professional, culturally competent, evidence-based clinical services to clients with a wide range of needs. I have a passion for understanding and supporting individuals through symptoms of early psychosis, anxiety, depression, domestic violence, domestic violence victims, family conflict, parenting, childhood/adulthood trauma, addiction and relationship stress.
(209) 418-0265 x105 View (209) 418-0265 x105
Photo of Brice G Hildreth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, Asdcs, Adhd-cc, Natc
Brice G Hildreth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, Asdcs, Adhd-cc, Natc
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
My ideal client is someone who wants change in their life but needs some guidance. Anyone who is chronically stressed, neurodivergent, or living with dysregulating trauma. Issues: anxiety spikes, shutdowns, blowups; stalls at school/work; anger; impulse; sleep, food, and sensory overload are off. Needs: validation and an outside-in plan, education, coaching, understanding with lived experience Goals: calmer days, smoother mornings/bedtimes, fewer blowups, steadier mood, better connection, improved relationships. They want practical help now and wins within weeks.
My ideal client is someone who wants change in their life but needs some guidance. Anyone who is chronically stressed, neurodivergent, or living with dysregulating trauma. Issues: anxiety spikes, shutdowns, blowups; stalls at school/work; anger; impulse; sleep, food, and sensory overload are off. Needs: validation and an outside-in plan, education, coaching, understanding with lived experience Goals: calmer days, smoother mornings/bedtimes, fewer blowups, steadier mood, better connection, improved relationships. They want practical help now and wins within weeks.
(209) 414-1156 View (209) 414-1156
Photo of Jai Thao, Psychologist, EdD
Jai Thao
Psychologist, EdD
Online Only
I am a licensed psychologist providing one-time psychological consultations for adults, parents, and clinicians seeking clarity, guidance, or next steps — not ongoing therapy. These consults are ideal if you’re feeling stuck, confused after an evaluation, or want a professional opinion before starting treatment. Sessions are educational and consultative in nature and do not establish a therapy relationship.
I am a licensed psychologist providing one-time psychological consultations for adults, parents, and clinicians seeking clarity, guidance, or next steps — not ongoing therapy. These consults are ideal if you’re feeling stuck, confused after an evaluation, or want a professional opinion before starting treatment. Sessions are educational and consultative in nature and do not establish a therapy relationship.
(209) 287-0634 View (209) 287-0634
Photo of Teresa A. Kellstrom - Teresa A. Kellstrom, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Teresa A. Kellstrom, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Turlock, CA 95382
With 20 years in the counseling profession, I have provided therapeutic services to a number of clients of all ages with issues ranging from peer conflicts in school, to domestic violence in the home. I enjoy working with clients to assist in helping them find their strengths and focus on a positive future. I enjoy working with clients through life's transitions and hardships by utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as other modalities tailored to the individual client.
With 20 years in the counseling profession, I have provided therapeutic services to a number of clients of all ages with issues ranging from peer conflicts in school, to domestic violence in the home. I enjoy working with clients to assist in helping them find their strengths and focus on a positive future. I enjoy working with clients through life's transitions and hardships by utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as other modalities tailored to the individual client.
(209) 441-5110 View (209) 441-5110
Photo of Sherman Glenn, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Sherman Glenn
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Turlock, CA 95382
I am the Founder and Director of Counseling Associates with over 40 years experience helping people with problems like yours. I was awarded a BA in Psychology, MRE in Education, a MA in Psychology. I also have a Marriage, Family and Child Counseling license, Teaching and Administrative Credentials from the State of California. Counseling Associates is housed in the facilities of Family Medical Group and Same Day Care at 911 E. Tuolumne Road, Turlock, CA. I am available for evening appointments. I have been joyfully married for 54 years to my wonderful wife and we have 4 wonderful grandchildren.
I am the Founder and Director of Counseling Associates with over 40 years experience helping people with problems like yours. I was awarded a BA in Psychology, MRE in Education, a MA in Psychology. I also have a Marriage, Family and Child Counseling license, Teaching and Administrative Credentials from the State of California. Counseling Associates is housed in the facilities of Family Medical Group and Same Day Care at 911 E. Tuolumne Road, Turlock, CA. I am available for evening appointments. I have been joyfully married for 54 years to my wonderful wife and we have 4 wonderful grandchildren.
(209) 353-4809 View (209) 353-4809
Photo of Kristine Dewitt, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Kristine Dewitt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Kristine DeWitt is a licensed marriage and family therapist. Kristine works with adults through a person-centered approach to help reduce things like stress, anxiety, and depression. In her practice, Kristine uses a warm and casual approach to teach CBT, DBT, and other mindfulness-based skills to manage stress, anxiety, depression, and other life problems. Kristine works primarily with adults 18-60 years old experiencing mild to moderate symptoms and life difficulties. Kristine is experienced in integrating Christian faith and principles when appropriate for those who would like to use their spirituality in therapy.
Kristine DeWitt is a licensed marriage and family therapist. Kristine works with adults through a person-centered approach to help reduce things like stress, anxiety, and depression. In her practice, Kristine uses a warm and casual approach to teach CBT, DBT, and other mindfulness-based skills to manage stress, anxiety, depression, and other life problems. Kristine works primarily with adults 18-60 years old experiencing mild to moderate symptoms and life difficulties. Kristine is experienced in integrating Christian faith and principles when appropriate for those who would like to use their spirituality in therapy.
(707) 244-7151 View (707) 244-7151

See more therapy options for Turlock

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Turlock, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Turlock, CA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
89% Depression
77% Coping Skills
72% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
65% Stress
64% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Other
76% Aetna
70% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Turlock, CA see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
25% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Turlock?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.