Therapists in Sylmar, CA

Photo of Ashley Swanson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ashley Swanson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi there! My name is Dr. Ashley Swanson, and I am a licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with my doctorate in Education. I am located in Southern California and would be excited to work with you. My focus is teens and young adults who are looking to find their passion(s), self-esteem, and find strategies that will help to overcome any barriers that will hinder personal success. I use motivational interviewing, problem solving therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy to help clients make progress and feel empowered.
Hi there! My name is Dr. Ashley Swanson, and I am a licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with my doctorate in Education. I am located in Southern California and would be excited to work with you. My focus is teens and young adults who are looking to find their passion(s), self-esteem, and find strategies that will help to overcome any barriers that will hinder personal success. I use motivational interviewing, problem solving therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy to help clients make progress and feel empowered.
(909) 324-5965 View (909) 324-5965
Photo of Erika Cuevas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Erika Cuevas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
My name is Erika Cuevas, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based out of Los Angeles, California, and I work with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adults, teens, and children. I specialize in family issues, parent-child relationships, and anxiety, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. As a daughter of immigrants, I am very familiar with life’s obstacles and challenges. I understand the social and emotional barriers one must face in an ever-changing world. As a bilingual woman of color, I am experienced in how to navigate the world through life’s personal experiences.
My name is Erika Cuevas, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based out of Los Angeles, California, and I work with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adults, teens, and children. I specialize in family issues, parent-child relationships, and anxiety, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. As a daughter of immigrants, I am very familiar with life’s obstacles and challenges. I understand the social and emotional barriers one must face in an ever-changing world. As a bilingual woman of color, I am experienced in how to navigate the world through life’s personal experiences.
(559) 242-1719 View (559) 242-1719
Photo of Adriana Escamilla, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Adriana Escamilla
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Seeking help and starting therapy is a significant and potentially daunting step, especially when you're feeling vulnerable. I commend you for beginning this journey, and I'm here to ensure it is meaningful for you. I specialize in working with individuals navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, and life changes. My approach is client-centered and collaborative, and I tailor each session to your unique needs and goals. Please feel welcome to reach out whenever you feel ready to begin. I'm here to provide a safe and supportive environment where you can be yourself.
Seeking help and starting therapy is a significant and potentially daunting step, especially when you're feeling vulnerable. I commend you for beginning this journey, and I'm here to ensure it is meaningful for you. I specialize in working with individuals navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, and life changes. My approach is client-centered and collaborative, and I tailor each session to your unique needs and goals. Please feel welcome to reach out whenever you feel ready to begin. I'm here to provide a safe and supportive environment where you can be yourself.
(424) 329-2991 View (424) 329-2991
Photo of Rebecca Lemert, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Rebecca Lemert
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
*Telehealth appointments only* I see therapy as a partnership between the client and the therapist, with each having an important role. We will work together to help you gain insight, self awareness, and strength. We will help you to find ways to change patterns that may not be working for you so that you are more capable of making choices that will lead to the future you want. We will do all of this collaboratively and at a pace that is comfortable for you. I look forward to working with you!
*Telehealth appointments only* I see therapy as a partnership between the client and the therapist, with each having an important role. We will work together to help you gain insight, self awareness, and strength. We will help you to find ways to change patterns that may not be working for you so that you are more capable of making choices that will lead to the future you want. We will do all of this collaboratively and at a pace that is comfortable for you. I look forward to working with you!
(424) 391-8578 View (424) 391-8578
Photo of Dakota Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Dakota Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist with 8 years of experience. I have extensive experience working with the LGBT+ community, and more specifically substance use and identity issues for clients identifying with that community. I utilize a humanistic approach with CBT and solution focused interventions to increase self-esteem and process underlying trauma. I am here for support and look forward to meeting you!
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist with 8 years of experience. I have extensive experience working with the LGBT+ community, and more specifically substance use and identity issues for clients identifying with that community. I utilize a humanistic approach with CBT and solution focused interventions to increase self-esteem and process underlying trauma. I am here for support and look forward to meeting you!
(818) 722-9934 View (818) 722-9934
Photo of Laticha Perez, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Laticha Perez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
I have experience working with children, youth, adults, families and couples providing individual and family treatment. In the last few years, I have shifted my main focus to work with adults who are struggling with anxiety, trauma and depression. I’ve worked in the mental health field for 22 years and been practicing as a therapist for about 10 years. As a licensed marriage and family therapist, I believe that prioritizing mental health is key to happiness and stability in life. Seeking help can be difficult, so congratulations on taking your first step to start therapy. I look forward to hearing from you to discuss treatment.
I have experience working with children, youth, adults, families and couples providing individual and family treatment. In the last few years, I have shifted my main focus to work with adults who are struggling with anxiety, trauma and depression. I’ve worked in the mental health field for 22 years and been practicing as a therapist for about 10 years. As a licensed marriage and family therapist, I believe that prioritizing mental health is key to happiness and stability in life. Seeking help can be difficult, so congratulations on taking your first step to start therapy. I look forward to hearing from you to discuss treatment.
(818) 463-2319 View (818) 463-2319
Photo of Diana Dawson, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Diana Dawson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Connecting with your therapist is one of the important parts about therapy and for this reason I offer a 15 min free consultation where you will have an opportunity to meet me and determine if I am a good fit for you. I enjoy helping people through their process and have a lot of experience working specifically with depression, anxiety and trauma diagnoses.
Connecting with your therapist is one of the important parts about therapy and for this reason I offer a 15 min free consultation where you will have an opportunity to meet me and determine if I am a good fit for you. I enjoy helping people through their process and have a lot of experience working specifically with depression, anxiety and trauma diagnoses.
(818) 600-7118 View (818) 600-7118
Photo of Brenda Contreras, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Brenda Contreras
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
When your child is struggling, it can feel overwhelming, confusing, and lonely. You may be wondering why your child is so anxious, angry, withdrawn, or having trouble with friends and how to help without making things worse. Many parents come to me feeling exhausted, worried, and unsure of their next step. I specialize in helping children who experience big emotions, anxiety, anger, sadness, and social challenges and in supporting parents who want to feel more confident and connected to their child again.
When your child is struggling, it can feel overwhelming, confusing, and lonely. You may be wondering why your child is so anxious, angry, withdrawn, or having trouble with friends and how to help without making things worse. Many parents come to me feeling exhausted, worried, and unsure of their next step. I specialize in helping children who experience big emotions, anxiety, anger, sadness, and social challenges and in supporting parents who want to feel more confident and connected to their child again.
(818) 797-7304 View (818) 797-7304
Photo of Kathy Jean Macleay - Kathy J. MacLeay PhD, Psychologist, PhD
Kathy J. MacLeay PhD
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Sylmar, CA 91342
I have been in practice for 30 years treating eating disorders, depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders and working with people who want to succeed in life and have resistance to their own success. I am a certified psychoanalyst. I teach graduate school courses in Clinical Psychology something I have been doing for 27 years. I have a very holistic approach to therapy having been trained in psychosynthesis (a spiritual approach) and Modern Psychoanalyis. I love the work I do helping people reach their potential.
I have been in practice for 30 years treating eating disorders, depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders and working with people who want to succeed in life and have resistance to their own success. I am a certified psychoanalyst. I teach graduate school courses in Clinical Psychology something I have been doing for 27 years. I have a very holistic approach to therapy having been trained in psychosynthesis (a spiritual approach) and Modern Psychoanalyis. I love the work I do helping people reach their potential.
(818) 918-3064 View (818) 918-3064
Photo of Alma Acevez, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Alma Acevez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
My name is Alma Acevez, a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist. I am an English/ Spanish speaking therapist with over 13 years of experience providing therapy to children, adolescents, adults and families. I specialize in Anxiety, Depression/Relationships. I use CBT/Psychodynamic/TF-CBT to help navigate challenges and create a safe space to grow. I believe everyone has the capacity for healing and I'm here to guide you. When I am not in session you can find me spending time with family, cooking new dishes and listening to audiobooks. Let's connect and explore how therapy can support you.
My name is Alma Acevez, a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist. I am an English/ Spanish speaking therapist with over 13 years of experience providing therapy to children, adolescents, adults and families. I specialize in Anxiety, Depression/Relationships. I use CBT/Psychodynamic/TF-CBT to help navigate challenges and create a safe space to grow. I believe everyone has the capacity for healing and I'm here to guide you. When I am not in session you can find me spending time with family, cooking new dishes and listening to audiobooks. Let's connect and explore how therapy can support you.
(747) 285-7229 View (747) 285-7229
Photo of Melissa Lopez-Tapia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Melissa Lopez-Tapia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Welcome! My name is Melissa Lopez-Tapia, and I am a first-generation bilingual Latina therapist (LCSW) of Jalisciense descent. My approach to the therapeutic process and relationship stems from humility, compassion, empathy, and most importantly person-centered while remaining trauma-informed. In my 7 years of practice, my work has led me to assist and collaborate with individuals in navigating and healing in areas such as Domestic Violence, trauma, anxiety, PTSD, depression, relationship/life stressors, life transitions, and the impact of childhood trauma in adulthood.
Welcome! My name is Melissa Lopez-Tapia, and I am a first-generation bilingual Latina therapist (LCSW) of Jalisciense descent. My approach to the therapeutic process and relationship stems from humility, compassion, empathy, and most importantly person-centered while remaining trauma-informed. In my 7 years of practice, my work has led me to assist and collaborate with individuals in navigating and healing in areas such as Domestic Violence, trauma, anxiety, PTSD, depression, relationship/life stressors, life transitions, and the impact of childhood trauma in adulthood.
(909) 671-1057 View (909) 671-1057
Photo of Joanne Baltierrez-Fernandez, Marriage & Family Therapist, joanne baltierrez-fernandez, LMFT, MA
Joanne Baltierrez-Fernandez
Marriage & Family Therapist, joanne baltierrez-fernandez, LMFT, MA
1 Endorsed
Sylmar, CA 91342
As a License Psychotherapist specializing in Problem Solving, I work with clients to get past stuck. Treatment provided while using Problem Solving, CBT and other modes of therapy for Late Teens, Young Adults, Adults, Couples and Specialize in Senior population . I deliver services to assist clients in self awareness, increased emotional management and improve relationships. My clinical expertise includes assessing and treating various conditions such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, Relationship issues, dispute resolution, family, employment and overall relations.
As a License Psychotherapist specializing in Problem Solving, I work with clients to get past stuck. Treatment provided while using Problem Solving, CBT and other modes of therapy for Late Teens, Young Adults, Adults, Couples and Specialize in Senior population . I deliver services to assist clients in self awareness, increased emotional management and improve relationships. My clinical expertise includes assessing and treating various conditions such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, Relationship issues, dispute resolution, family, employment and overall relations.
(818) 873-3747 View (818) 873-3747
Photo of Minerva Barrientos, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Minerva Barrientos
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Online Only
I work therapeutically with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds in the San Fernando Valley, Santa Clarita and Los Angeles area. I am a certified therapist in PCIT, CPP, Triple P and FASD parenting and children issues. I have over ten years experience working with children exposed to trauma and history of DCFS involvement.
I work therapeutically with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds in the San Fernando Valley, Santa Clarita and Los Angeles area. I am a certified therapist in PCIT, CPP, Triple P and FASD parenting and children issues. I have over ten years experience working with children exposed to trauma and history of DCFS involvement.
(818) 873-0662 View (818) 873-0662
Photo of Itzhel Santiago, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Itzhel Santiago
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Online Only
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) based in Los Angeles, California and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adolescents and specialize in anxiety, depression, self-esteem, ADHD, autism, school-based mental health, special education, and crisis response. I use an evidence-based approach in the areas of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy to help my clients make progress towards their goals.
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) based in Los Angeles, California and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adolescents and specialize in anxiety, depression, self-esteem, ADHD, autism, school-based mental health, special education, and crisis response. I use an evidence-based approach in the areas of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy to help my clients make progress towards their goals.
(949) 676-7031 View (949) 676-7031
Photo of Carla Nuñez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Carla Nuñez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
My name is Carla Nuñez, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have extensive experience working in both community mental health and school-based mental health. My goal is to provide a culturally sensitive, supportive, curious, compassionate, and reflective space for you to explore your inner selves and overcome personal challenges. I don't believe that our goal in life should be to live in constant happiness, but to live filled with ease and contentment even in the most challenging times. My approach in this journey is holistic and collaborative. I believe that every individual has the capacity for growth and change.
My name is Carla Nuñez, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have extensive experience working in both community mental health and school-based mental health. My goal is to provide a culturally sensitive, supportive, curious, compassionate, and reflective space for you to explore your inner selves and overcome personal challenges. I don't believe that our goal in life should be to live in constant happiness, but to live filled with ease and contentment even in the most challenging times. My approach in this journey is holistic and collaborative. I believe that every individual has the capacity for growth and change.
(747) 350-1312 View (747) 350-1312
Photo of Arlene Hovsepian, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Arlene Hovsepian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Welcome to my profile! I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California. I work with kids and adults facing anxiety, trauma, depression, and learning differences like ADHD and autism. With a background in both schools and mental health clinics, I bring a friendly, down-to-earth approach to help you feel supported, understood, and equipped with tools that make a real difference. I also offer Christian counseling for clients who want to incorporate their faith into the healing process.
Welcome to my profile! I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California. I work with kids and adults facing anxiety, trauma, depression, and learning differences like ADHD and autism. With a background in both schools and mental health clinics, I bring a friendly, down-to-earth approach to help you feel supported, understood, and equipped with tools that make a real difference. I also offer Christian counseling for clients who want to incorporate their faith into the healing process.
(341) 895-6608 View (341) 895-6608
Photo of Eliana Nivon, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, APCC, AMFT, ASAT-C
Eliana Nivon
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, APCC, AMFT, ASAT-C
Online Only
I work with individuals and couples navigating the impact of betrayal trauma, problematic sexual behaviors, and relational disconnection. Many of my clients are partners who have experienced infidelity or sexual betrayal and find themselves struggling with trust, safety, and a loss of emotional grounding. I also support individuals who recognize patterns of compulsive or out-of-control sexual behavior and are seeking accountability, clarity, and meaningful change. As an ASAT candidate, I am especially attuned to the unique dynamics of betrayal trauma and the complex emotional experiences that often accompany it.
I work with individuals and couples navigating the impact of betrayal trauma, problematic sexual behaviors, and relational disconnection. Many of my clients are partners who have experienced infidelity or sexual betrayal and find themselves struggling with trust, safety, and a loss of emotional grounding. I also support individuals who recognize patterns of compulsive or out-of-control sexual behavior and are seeking accountability, clarity, and meaningful change. As an ASAT candidate, I am especially attuned to the unique dynamics of betrayal trauma and the complex emotional experiences that often accompany it.
(818) 864-1332 View (818) 864-1332
Photo of Bianca Mercado, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Bianca Mercado
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi, I’m Bianca Mercado, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I believe therapy should be a collaborative and individualized experience, tailored to each person’s unique needs, strengths, and goals. My priority is to create a safe, supportive, and comfortable environment where clients feel heard, respected, and empowered throughout their healing journey. I am passionate about helping individuals navigate life’s challenges and reach their full potential. Through compassion, clinical expertise, and a client-centered approach, I strive to support meaningful growth, self-awareness, and lasting change.
Hi, I’m Bianca Mercado, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I believe therapy should be a collaborative and individualized experience, tailored to each person’s unique needs, strengths, and goals. My priority is to create a safe, supportive, and comfortable environment where clients feel heard, respected, and empowered throughout their healing journey. I am passionate about helping individuals navigate life’s challenges and reach their full potential. Through compassion, clinical expertise, and a client-centered approach, I strive to support meaningful growth, self-awareness, and lasting change.
(747) 269-0313 View (747) 269-0313
Photo of Korina Garcia-Dehlavi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Korina Garcia-Dehlavi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am a compassionate therapist who has helped clients navigate anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and life transitions with clarity and self-growth. I will create a calm and supportive space where you will feel heard, understood, and empowered to grow as a person. My goal is to help you move forward with resilience and growth.
I am a compassionate therapist who has helped clients navigate anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and life transitions with clarity and self-growth. I will create a calm and supportive space where you will feel heard, understood, and empowered to grow as a person. My goal is to help you move forward with resilience and growth.
(747) 245-3066 View (747) 245-3066
Photo of Rene Orozco, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Rene Orozco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hello, my name is Rene Orozco aka Yaotl. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who works to empower people to reflect on solutions and well-being on their own terms. I utilize CBT, Motivational Interviewing, storytelling, and native ways to wellness as my toolbox. My approaches to wellness are employed via a native wellness lens of interconnection utilizing Gestalt-inspired approaches, solution-focused goals, and motivational interviewing, as well as Cognitive behavioral therapy and somatic mindfulness.
Hello, my name is Rene Orozco aka Yaotl. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who works to empower people to reflect on solutions and well-being on their own terms. I utilize CBT, Motivational Interviewing, storytelling, and native ways to wellness as my toolbox. My approaches to wellness are employed via a native wellness lens of interconnection utilizing Gestalt-inspired approaches, solution-focused goals, and motivational interviewing, as well as Cognitive behavioral therapy and somatic mindfulness.
(818) 412-9687 View (818) 412-9687

See more therapy options for Sylmar

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sylmar, CA

70+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Sylmar, CA who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
89% Social Anxiety
89% Health Anxiety
89% Driving Anxiety
85% Depression
77% Self Esteem
62% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
82% Cigna and Evernorth
79% Optum

How Therapists in Sylmar, CA see their clients

77% Online Only
23% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sylmar?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.