Therapists in Shingle Springs, CA

Photo of Arielle Walker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Arielle Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
My name is Ari Walker. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have worked in mental health for 10 years and have been a clinician for 5 years. I am a mom, wife, outdoor enthusiast, and lover of water activities and coffee. I love walking along side clients on their journey to discovering themselves as they pave their path to healing. I believe humans are extraordinary and capable of amazing things and it is my joy to come along side to help them tap into their already there strength and wisdom.
My name is Ari Walker. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have worked in mental health for 10 years and have been a clinician for 5 years. I am a mom, wife, outdoor enthusiast, and lover of water activities and coffee. I love walking along side clients on their journey to discovering themselves as they pave their path to healing. I believe humans are extraordinary and capable of amazing things and it is my joy to come along side to help them tap into their already there strength and wisdom.
(530) 797-0202 View (530) 797-0202
Photo of Krystal Dahlgren, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Krystal Dahlgren
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I have been practicing for about five years. I have worked mostly with children, teens, families and individuals. Much of my experience was gained at a local community health agency serving youth and families. As a therapist, I enjoy getting to know people and being a part of helping them feel better and more in control of their lives. It is rewarding to be a support for clients who are going through tough times and watch them heal. I live in Northern California with my family, I'm a mom, I love dogs, being outdoors and spending time with friends.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I have been practicing for about five years. I have worked mostly with children, teens, families and individuals. Much of my experience was gained at a local community health agency serving youth and families. As a therapist, I enjoy getting to know people and being a part of helping them feel better and more in control of their lives. It is rewarding to be a support for clients who are going through tough times and watch them heal. I live in Northern California with my family, I'm a mom, I love dogs, being outdoors and spending time with friends.
(530) 444-8335 View (530) 444-8335
Photo of Brittany Sallaberry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Brittany Sallaberry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Online Only
Pregnancy and postpartum can bring up things nobody warned you about — more anxiety, a low mood, scary thoughts you're afraid to say out loud. You love your baby but miss your old life. You maybe even resent your partner. You want so badly to do this right, but worry you're messing it all up. And if you're a healthcare worker, or also caring for aging parents, the weight of that doesn't just disappear when you clock out. These are real, normal experiences that don't get talked about nearly enough. You don't have to keep carrying this alone.
Pregnancy and postpartum can bring up things nobody warned you about — more anxiety, a low mood, scary thoughts you're afraid to say out loud. You love your baby but miss your old life. You maybe even resent your partner. You want so badly to do this right, but worry you're messing it all up. And if you're a healthcare worker, or also caring for aging parents, the weight of that doesn't just disappear when you clock out. These are real, normal experiences that don't get talked about nearly enough. You don't have to keep carrying this alone.
(530) 628-9753 View (530) 628-9753
Photo of Krystal Dahlgren, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Krystal Dahlgren
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
I am experienced in working with both individuals and teens, I strive to create a space that feels safe, supportive, and real. My approach is grounded in empathy, collaboration, and authenticity—helping you uncover strengths and move toward healing. Whether you’re facing stress, transitions, or deeper challenges, we’ll work together to heal. I believe therapy should feel like a real, human conversation—warm, supportive, and honest. My approach is down-to-earth and collaborative, meaning we’ll work together to understand what’s going on beneath the surface and find practical ways to help you move forward.
I am experienced in working with both individuals and teens, I strive to create a space that feels safe, supportive, and real. My approach is grounded in empathy, collaboration, and authenticity—helping you uncover strengths and move toward healing. Whether you’re facing stress, transitions, or deeper challenges, we’ll work together to heal. I believe therapy should feel like a real, human conversation—warm, supportive, and honest. My approach is down-to-earth and collaborative, meaning we’ll work together to understand what’s going on beneath the surface and find practical ways to help you move forward.
(530) 735-5008 View (530) 735-5008
Photo of Felisa Concepcion, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Felisa Concepcion
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi, I’m Felisa Concepcion (she/her), a Pacific Island mama and licensed therapist who believes healing happens in connection with ourselves, our stories, and our communities. My practice is warm, conversational, and rooted in authenticity, where you get to show up as you are. Together, we’ll explore what’s getting in the way and work toward the life you want, on your own terms.
Hi, I’m Felisa Concepcion (she/her), a Pacific Island mama and licensed therapist who believes healing happens in connection with ourselves, our stories, and our communities. My practice is warm, conversational, and rooted in authenticity, where you get to show up as you are. Together, we’ll explore what’s getting in the way and work toward the life you want, on your own terms.
(510) 694-1849 View (510) 694-1849
Photo of Christina G Duffy, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CSTIP
Christina G Duffy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CSTIP
1 Endorsed
Shingle Springs, CA 95682
Helping couples restore trust, improve communication, and reconnect. Do you and your partner feel more like roommates than lovers? Many couples reach out when communication has broken down, trust has been shaken, or the connection just doesn’t feel the same. Relationships can bring incredible joy—and also deep pain. If you’re feeling stuck in conflict, growing distant, or unsure how to move forward, you’re not alone—and support can help. As a Marriage & Family Therapist and certified Sex Therapy Informed Professional, I specialize in helping couples strengthen communication, rebuild trust, and reconnect in meaningful ways.
Helping couples restore trust, improve communication, and reconnect. Do you and your partner feel more like roommates than lovers? Many couples reach out when communication has broken down, trust has been shaken, or the connection just doesn’t feel the same. Relationships can bring incredible joy—and also deep pain. If you’re feeling stuck in conflict, growing distant, or unsure how to move forward, you’re not alone—and support can help. As a Marriage & Family Therapist and certified Sex Therapy Informed Professional, I specialize in helping couples strengthen communication, rebuild trust, and reconnect in meaningful ways.
(916) 520-3737 View (916) 520-3737
Photo of William Christopher Stedeford, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
William Christopher Stedeford
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Shingle Springs, CA 95682
For more than twenty years, I have dedicated my career to supporting individuals, families, and clinical teams through some of their most challenging moments. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and seasoned clinical leader, I bring a calm, steady presence to high‑acuity environments and a deep commitment to ethical, compassionate care. My work has spanned residential, outpatient, and community behavioral health settings, where I have led multidisciplinary teams, strengthened clinical operations, and ensured the highest standards of safety, documentation, and quality assurance.
For more than twenty years, I have dedicated my career to supporting individuals, families, and clinical teams through some of their most challenging moments. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and seasoned clinical leader, I bring a calm, steady presence to high‑acuity environments and a deep commitment to ethical, compassionate care. My work has spanned residential, outpatient, and community behavioral health settings, where I have led multidisciplinary teams, strengthened clinical operations, and ensured the highest standards of safety, documentation, and quality assurance.
(530) 500-0273 View (530) 500-0273
Photo of Diana Kruck, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Diana Kruck
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Shingle Springs, CA 95682
Congratulations on stepping into your therapeutic journey. Life can be messy, complicated, and sometimes downright exhausting, but you don’t have to navigate it alone. As an LMFT, I'll be here to help you clear the clutter, untangle what feels overwhelming, and reconnect with the strongest, most authentic version of yourself. Together, we’ll create a space that feels safe, supportive, and filled with possibility. You deserve that.
Congratulations on stepping into your therapeutic journey. Life can be messy, complicated, and sometimes downright exhausting, but you don’t have to navigate it alone. As an LMFT, I'll be here to help you clear the clutter, untangle what feels overwhelming, and reconnect with the strongest, most authentic version of yourself. Together, we’ll create a space that feels safe, supportive, and filled with possibility. You deserve that.
(949) 649-8169 View (949) 649-8169
Photo of Victoria Clark-Collins, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Victoria Clark-Collins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Shingle Springs, CA 95682
I am Victoria Clark, LCSW. I have been practicing in the mental health field for nearly fifteen years. My approach to therapy is based on building relationships founded on a mutual development of trust, understanding, and acceptance. When beginning a relationship with an individual I prefer to begin from the beginning, spend time getting to know the person before me, and build from that point. My primary approach is psychodynamic. I believe a person is the combination of all their experiences; each experience has an impact on the person as a whole.
I am Victoria Clark, LCSW. I have been practicing in the mental health field for nearly fifteen years. My approach to therapy is based on building relationships founded on a mutual development of trust, understanding, and acceptance. When beginning a relationship with an individual I prefer to begin from the beginning, spend time getting to know the person before me, and build from that point. My primary approach is psychodynamic. I believe a person is the combination of all their experiences; each experience has an impact on the person as a whole.
(747) 277-5697 View (747) 277-5697
Photo of Wayne Martial Cottle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Wayne Martial Cottle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Shingle Springs, CA 95682
Not accepting new clients
My goal in therapy is a simple one, and that is to help people get exactly where they want to go in life. Sometimes that means working through past traumas or current stressors. It can also mean focusing on general life optimization. Whatever your goals, I strive to create a non-judgmental environment for us to dig deep and make forward progress together.
My goal in therapy is a simple one, and that is to help people get exactly where they want to go in life. Sometimes that means working through past traumas or current stressors. It can also mean focusing on general life optimization. Whatever your goals, I strive to create a non-judgmental environment for us to dig deep and make forward progress together.
(530) 379-4453 View (530) 379-4453
Photo of Juanita R. Shoopman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, Shoopman
Juanita R. Shoopman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, Shoopman
Serves Area
Are you tired of feeling stuck in the same cycles of anxiety, depression, or conflict that keep you from feeling truly present in your life? I help individuals and couples who are ready for change—whether you're navigating mood disorders, relationship struggles, or intense family issues. With a strong background in anger management and addressing complex topics like sexual disorders, I offer a safe, confidential space to work through challenges. As a parent and a grandmother, and having served as a child custody mediator, I bring a wealth of real-world experience to issues like co-parenting and visitation planning.
Are you tired of feeling stuck in the same cycles of anxiety, depression, or conflict that keep you from feeling truly present in your life? I help individuals and couples who are ready for change—whether you're navigating mood disorders, relationship struggles, or intense family issues. With a strong background in anger management and addressing complex topics like sexual disorders, I offer a safe, confidential space to work through challenges. As a parent and a grandmother, and having served as a child custody mediator, I bring a wealth of real-world experience to issues like co-parenting and visitation planning.
(707) 846-3759 View (707) 846-3759
Photo of La Tisha San Pedro-Lintag, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
La Tisha San Pedro-Lintag
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My goal in therapy is to help individuals live and behave in ways consistent with their personal values while developing psychological flexibility. I specialize in somatic therapy, helping individuals reconnect with their authentic selves from a mind, body, and spirit approach. I have many years of experience providing collegiate-level counseling services. I also specialize in working with individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and complex trauma.
My goal in therapy is to help individuals live and behave in ways consistent with their personal values while developing psychological flexibility. I specialize in somatic therapy, helping individuals reconnect with their authentic selves from a mind, body, and spirit approach. I have many years of experience providing collegiate-level counseling services. I also specialize in working with individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and complex trauma.
(619) 273-0831 View (619) 273-0831
Photo of Okeema Polite, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Okeema Polite
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hi there! I’m so glad you’re here. Seeking therapy is a courageous step toward self-awareness and growth. While growth can sometimes feel uncomfortable, it often opens the door to healing, clarity, and meaningful change. I believe we all have the capacity for change and to live more balanced and fulfilling lives when we’re granted space to be seen, supported, and understood. With over twenty years of experience, my approach combines practical tools with compassion and collaboration.
Hi there! I’m so glad you’re here. Seeking therapy is a courageous step toward self-awareness and growth. While growth can sometimes feel uncomfortable, it often opens the door to healing, clarity, and meaningful change. I believe we all have the capacity for change and to live more balanced and fulfilling lives when we’re granted space to be seen, supported, and understood. With over twenty years of experience, my approach combines practical tools with compassion and collaboration.
(209) 862-6924 View (209) 862-6924
Photo of Michelle Harris, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Michelle Harris
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
Recognizing that mental health services are needed for oneself or family can often cause feelings of overwhelm, confusion, shame, guilt and fear. My goal is to support you in sorting out these emotions while re-establishing a sense of hope. For the last 15 years I have worked with children and adults with various mental health needs and in various settings, including local school campuses, ER, jail, county facilities and homes. I have specialized in treating complex trauma, behavioral concerns and high-risk behaviors. Other areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, trauma, social and attention deficits and self-harm.
Recognizing that mental health services are needed for oneself or family can often cause feelings of overwhelm, confusion, shame, guilt and fear. My goal is to support you in sorting out these emotions while re-establishing a sense of hope. For the last 15 years I have worked with children and adults with various mental health needs and in various settings, including local school campuses, ER, jail, county facilities and homes. I have specialized in treating complex trauma, behavioral concerns and high-risk behaviors. Other areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, trauma, social and attention deficits and self-harm.
(530) 317-4088 View (530) 317-4088
Photo of Laura Curry, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Laura Curry
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
My name is Laura Curry, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I am passionate about helping others, providing support, and helping to advocate. Your mental health matters! I have various experiences in the field. I have worked in a residential substance use program, Methadone clinic, crisis residential program, community-based therapy, school therapy, county services for severe mental illness, and psychiatric health facility. I have experience working with children, teens, and adults.
My name is Laura Curry, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I am passionate about helping others, providing support, and helping to advocate. Your mental health matters! I have various experiences in the field. I have worked in a residential substance use program, Methadone clinic, crisis residential program, community-based therapy, school therapy, county services for severe mental illness, and psychiatric health facility. I have experience working with children, teens, and adults.
(213) 668-7913 View (213) 668-7913
Photo of Anna Fautz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Anna Fautz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and PsyD; I have been practicing in the field since 2012. I have worked as a therapist in institutional and private settings helping individuals to cope with anxiety, depression, anger management, relationship problems, previous traumas, and various adjustment difficulties and life challenges. I enjoy working with my clients to change the way they respond to life's stresses and believe that adjusting one's perspective can increase happiness, success, and relationship satisfaction.
Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and PsyD; I have been practicing in the field since 2012. I have worked as a therapist in institutional and private settings helping individuals to cope with anxiety, depression, anger management, relationship problems, previous traumas, and various adjustment difficulties and life challenges. I enjoy working with my clients to change the way they respond to life's stresses and believe that adjusting one's perspective can increase happiness, success, and relationship satisfaction.
(831) 278-6346 View (831) 278-6346
Photo of Hanna Pierson, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Hanna Pierson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hi there, I'm Hanna! Life doesn't come with a 'practice round', so of course we stumble, trip, and sometimes skip along the way. I work with children, adults, and couples to help untangle the messy, funny, challenging, and sometimes painful parts of being human. My approach is warm, compassionate, humorous, and real. I believe therapy works best when it feels collaborative, supportive, and authentic. I utilize a blend of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy (ERP), and a Client-Centered approach to help you grow to where you want to be.
Hi there, I'm Hanna! Life doesn't come with a 'practice round', so of course we stumble, trip, and sometimes skip along the way. I work with children, adults, and couples to help untangle the messy, funny, challenging, and sometimes painful parts of being human. My approach is warm, compassionate, humorous, and real. I believe therapy works best when it feels collaborative, supportive, and authentic. I utilize a blend of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy (ERP), and a Client-Centered approach to help you grow to where you want to be.
(818) 491-7284 View (818) 491-7284
Photo of Marissa Guerrero, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Marissa Guerrero
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Marissa Guerrero. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. More importantly, I am someone who can help guide you on your journey of healing and ignite change. I have over 15 years of experience in the field of mental health. I support individuals and families to learn new skills that have been triggered by their traumatic life experiences. I am also equipped to support you in learning how to recognize, identify and manage your emotional responses to stressful circumstances. I wholeheartedly believe that our life experiences give us the opportunity to learn new tools to help us become our better selves.
Hi, I'm Marissa Guerrero. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. More importantly, I am someone who can help guide you on your journey of healing and ignite change. I have over 15 years of experience in the field of mental health. I support individuals and families to learn new skills that have been triggered by their traumatic life experiences. I am also equipped to support you in learning how to recognize, identify and manage your emotional responses to stressful circumstances. I wholeheartedly believe that our life experiences give us the opportunity to learn new tools to help us become our better selves.
(619) 828-5288 View (619) 828-5288
Photo of Jamie Samboceti, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Jamie Samboceti
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hi there, I'm Jamie! Welcome to healing. I am here to walk with you through this journey as you discover who you are, what you need, and the change you want to make. My approach is client-centered, collaborative, and solution-focused to assist in getting you to the life you desire. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) primarily to help you identify current thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and how they are impacting your progress in life. I assist in problem-solving, education, skill-building, and mindfulness so that you have a full toolbox to assist you on this journey.
Hi there, I'm Jamie! Welcome to healing. I am here to walk with you through this journey as you discover who you are, what you need, and the change you want to make. My approach is client-centered, collaborative, and solution-focused to assist in getting you to the life you desire. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) primarily to help you identify current thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and how they are impacting your progress in life. I assist in problem-solving, education, skill-building, and mindfulness so that you have a full toolbox to assist you on this journey.
(619) 566-4671 View (619) 566-4671
Photo of Erin Ritter, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Erin Ritter
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Online Only
Erin Ritter is a Licensed Professional Counselor who holds licenses in California, Nevada, New Jersey, Utah, and Pennsylvania. She is a licensed Drug and Alcohol Counselor for the state of New Jersey. Erin is a Certified Clinical Supervisor in New Jersey as well as a Nationally Approved Clinical Supervisor for students, interns, and associate counselors. Erin has been recognized as a National Certified Counselor since 2012. As a psychotherapist, Erin takes a holistic approach to her work, addressing the connection between the mind, body, and spirit within the systems of being.
Erin Ritter is a Licensed Professional Counselor who holds licenses in California, Nevada, New Jersey, Utah, and Pennsylvania. She is a licensed Drug and Alcohol Counselor for the state of New Jersey. Erin is a Certified Clinical Supervisor in New Jersey as well as a Nationally Approved Clinical Supervisor for students, interns, and associate counselors. Erin has been recognized as a National Certified Counselor since 2012. As a psychotherapist, Erin takes a holistic approach to her work, addressing the connection between the mind, body, and spirit within the systems of being.
(341) 247-0705 View (341) 247-0705

See more therapy options for Shingle Springs

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Shingle Springs, CA

20+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Shingle Springs, CA who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
72% Depression
60% Trauma and PTSD
56% Relationship Issues
52% Self Esteem
52% Stress
52% Marriage Counseling

Average years in practice

18 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
90% Cigna and Evernorth
90% Oxford

How Therapists in Shingle Springs, CA see their clients

64% Online Only
36% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

91% Female
5% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Shingle Springs?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.