Therapists in Santa Barbara, CA

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Photo of Vanessa Kirker Wright, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, JD
Vanessa Kirker Wright
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, JD
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
I have worked with parents and families for many years. I enjoy working with couples and families who are in transition of any kind. Building communication and understanding in the midst of changing relationships is both difficult and rewarding. Are you struggling with getting through a transition in your life? Do you just have a general sense of anxiety and unhappiness, or feel some strain in your relationships, or want to deepen your self-awareness? I help clients by employing psychodynamic therapy focused on treating by helping clients adjust their feelings and actions.
I have worked with parents and families for many years. I enjoy working with couples and families who are in transition of any kind. Building communication and understanding in the midst of changing relationships is both difficult and rewarding. Are you struggling with getting through a transition in your life? Do you just have a general sense of anxiety and unhappiness, or feel some strain in your relationships, or want to deepen your self-awareness? I help clients by employing psychodynamic therapy focused on treating by helping clients adjust their feelings and actions.
(805) 222-6756 View (805) 222-6756
Photo of Dr. Trevor Alleman, Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Dr. Trevor Alleman
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
2 Endorsed
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
Ready to get to the root of what’s been holding you back and reclaim your life? It’s painful to feel like a passenger in your own story—watching the same unconscious patterns repeat, no matter how hard you try to change. But it doesn’t have to stay this way. With genuine willingness and the right support, you can outgrow those patterns and begin living from a place of choice and authenticity. This work runs deep and can be challenging, but the freedom it brings—freedom from hiding, self-sabotage, and burdens that were never yours to carry—is worth every step.
Ready to get to the root of what’s been holding you back and reclaim your life? It’s painful to feel like a passenger in your own story—watching the same unconscious patterns repeat, no matter how hard you try to change. But it doesn’t have to stay this way. With genuine willingness and the right support, you can outgrow those patterns and begin living from a place of choice and authenticity. This work runs deep and can be challenging, but the freedom it brings—freedom from hiding, self-sabotage, and burdens that were never yours to carry—is worth every step.
(626) 624-4199 View (626) 624-4199
Photo of Dr. Fiona Stone, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CST
Dr. Fiona Stone
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CST
4 Endorsed
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
Using warmth and empathy, I provide a safe space for you to explore how to strengthen your sense of self and your intimate relationships, enabling you to heal and grow authentically. My approach is supportive and direct with an emphasis on your needs, values, and experiences. I offer compassionate support to individuals and couples facing relationship difficulties, adjusting to challenging life transitions, or hoping to improve mental well-being. My goal is to guide you to understand, accept, and express your emotions by gaining personal insight, improving relationships, and exploring life’s concerns, conflicts, and contradictions.
Using warmth and empathy, I provide a safe space for you to explore how to strengthen your sense of self and your intimate relationships, enabling you to heal and grow authentically. My approach is supportive and direct with an emphasis on your needs, values, and experiences. I offer compassionate support to individuals and couples facing relationship difficulties, adjusting to challenging life transitions, or hoping to improve mental well-being. My goal is to guide you to understand, accept, and express your emotions by gaining personal insight, improving relationships, and exploring life’s concerns, conflicts, and contradictions.
(805) 590-9128 View (805) 590-9128
Photo of Michelle Davis - Personalized Recovery, LVN, CAADAC, CYT
Personalized Recovery
Verified Verified
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
We provide individualized private confidential one on one medically assisted detox services . Many of our clients are Professionals in their community and prefer the privacy and convenience of a in home detox plan. I have always been committed to maintaining the accuracy, confidentiality, and security of your personal and corporate information. Personalized Recovery is dedicated to addressing your personal needs and guiding you through your recovery process.
We provide individualized private confidential one on one medically assisted detox services . Many of our clients are Professionals in their community and prefer the privacy and convenience of a in home detox plan. I have always been committed to maintaining the accuracy, confidentiality, and security of your personal and corporate information. Personalized Recovery is dedicated to addressing your personal needs and guiding you through your recovery process.
(805) 214-6011 View (805) 214-6011
Photo of Krissella 'krissy' Lee Glennon-Boatright, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Krissella 'krissy' Lee Glennon-Boatright
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you navigating life feeling like you missed the instruction manual? Maybe you’ve been told you’re “too much” or “too sensitive,” or you’ve masked for so long that you’ve lost track of who you really are. You might be the caretaker, the achiever, or the outlier—carrying deep emotions while holding it all together. You’re ready for something different. I work with deep thinkers, neurodivergent folks, cycle-breakers, and people facing trauma, grief, anxiety, or identity shifts. If you’re seeking clarity, connection, or authenticity—I’d be honored to walk with you. All my services are strictly Telehealth (virtual).
Are you navigating life feeling like you missed the instruction manual? Maybe you’ve been told you’re “too much” or “too sensitive,” or you’ve masked for so long that you’ve lost track of who you really are. You might be the caretaker, the achiever, or the outlier—carrying deep emotions while holding it all together. You’re ready for something different. I work with deep thinkers, neurodivergent folks, cycle-breakers, and people facing trauma, grief, anxiety, or identity shifts. If you’re seeking clarity, connection, or authenticity—I’d be honored to walk with you. All my services are strictly Telehealth (virtual).
(805) 669-1263 View (805) 669-1263
Photo of Virginia Perry, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, ATR-P, APCC
Virginia Perry
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, ATR-P, APCC
Santa Barbara, CA 93105
Waitlist for new clients
People seek me out when feeling dissatisfied with some aspect of their life. Together we work on creative & effective ways to: identify & manage emotions; feel more calm, joyful, and present; increase self-compassion & self-esteem; build healthier relationships; move towards goals & dreams; and connect with their authentic self. Maybe you've never tried therapy and want to check it out, or you've "done therapy" in the past, but seek a different approach or are tired of "just talking." Trained in art therapy, EMDR, dreamwork, mindfulness, somatic awareness & more, I offer unique, affirming & integrative therapy experiences.
People seek me out when feeling dissatisfied with some aspect of their life. Together we work on creative & effective ways to: identify & manage emotions; feel more calm, joyful, and present; increase self-compassion & self-esteem; build healthier relationships; move towards goals & dreams; and connect with their authentic self. Maybe you've never tried therapy and want to check it out, or you've "done therapy" in the past, but seek a different approach or are tired of "just talking." Trained in art therapy, EMDR, dreamwork, mindfulness, somatic awareness & more, I offer unique, affirming & integrative therapy experiences.
(805) 819-5915 View (805) 819-5915
Photo of Rachel Bidinost, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Rachel Bidinost
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
As an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, I believe that healing looks different for everyone—and so does therapy. I work with individuals of all ages, from young children to adults, navigating challenges such as anxiety, depression, trauma, eating disorders, behavioral issues, family and relationship issues, and parenting stress. Most of my previous work has been with children and parents in school settings, which has given me a deep understanding of the unique stressors families face and how to support growth at both the individual and systemic levels.
As an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, I believe that healing looks different for everyone—and so does therapy. I work with individuals of all ages, from young children to adults, navigating challenges such as anxiety, depression, trauma, eating disorders, behavioral issues, family and relationship issues, and parenting stress. Most of my previous work has been with children and parents in school settings, which has given me a deep understanding of the unique stressors families face and how to support growth at both the individual and systemic levels.
(805) 608-2772 View (805) 608-2772
Photo of Mckenzie Amundson, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Mckenzie Amundson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
5 Endorsed
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
Whoever you are, whether it be struggling with relationship issues, self-esteem, depression, anxiety, grief and loss, all the way to trying to come to terms with a more persistent diagnosis, I cannot wait to meet you exactly where you are at. I invite you to reach out to me in this time, as hard as that may be. Because this truly is the hardest part. And know that if we are not a good fit, I can direct you to other therapists that can hopefully be exactly what you need.
Whoever you are, whether it be struggling with relationship issues, self-esteem, depression, anxiety, grief and loss, all the way to trying to come to terms with a more persistent diagnosis, I cannot wait to meet you exactly where you are at. I invite you to reach out to me in this time, as hard as that may be. Because this truly is the hardest part. And know that if we are not a good fit, I can direct you to other therapists that can hopefully be exactly what you need.
(805) 209-2318 View (805) 209-2318
Photo of Maxwel Blake Shaft, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Maxwel Blake Shaft
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Are you feeling worried, discouraged, or powerless but want to feel confident, free from limiting beliefs, and proud of who you are so that you can live up to your fullest potential? I can help guide you as you grow into the best version of yourself.
Are you feeling worried, discouraged, or powerless but want to feel confident, free from limiting beliefs, and proud of who you are so that you can live up to your fullest potential? I can help guide you as you grow into the best version of yourself.
(805) 622-2676 View (805) 622-2676
Photo of Challis Popkey, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Challis Popkey
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
Hi, I'm glad you're here. I am trained in Internal Family Systems, a non-pathologizing therapeutic model that recognizes the inherent wisdom in you to facilitate your own healing. Rather than viewing unwanted behaviors (substance use, anxiety, infidelity, social isolation) as character flaws, we explore them as protective strategies your mind has developed. These aren't disorders; they're survival strategies. Together, we'll reduce shame and blame around your behaviors or "parts" that are causing you to feel stuck. When these parts feel accepted, heard, and embraced by you, they begin to trust you, and are willing to adopt new roles
Hi, I'm glad you're here. I am trained in Internal Family Systems, a non-pathologizing therapeutic model that recognizes the inherent wisdom in you to facilitate your own healing. Rather than viewing unwanted behaviors (substance use, anxiety, infidelity, social isolation) as character flaws, we explore them as protective strategies your mind has developed. These aren't disorders; they're survival strategies. Together, we'll reduce shame and blame around your behaviors or "parts" that are causing you to feel stuck. When these parts feel accepted, heard, and embraced by you, they begin to trust you, and are willing to adopt new roles
(805) 590-7164 View (805) 590-7164
Photo of Dr. Crystal Ramirez, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, PMH-C
Dr. Crystal Ramirez
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, PMH-C
6 Endorsed
Santa Barbara, CA 93105
Whether you're struggling with work, relationships or life changes our time together can alleviate confusion and suffering. You may be experiencing trauma triggers, family of origin patterns, or social and cultural pressures. Sometimes life is simply uncertain and overwhelming. You can create a life of intention and authenticity moving beyond unconscious reactions to insight and meaning. You will be in a safe place to honestly tend to your feelings and needs. I work holistically and respect you as a whole person who is uniquely coping with what has happened to you.
Whether you're struggling with work, relationships or life changes our time together can alleviate confusion and suffering. You may be experiencing trauma triggers, family of origin patterns, or social and cultural pressures. Sometimes life is simply uncertain and overwhelming. You can create a life of intention and authenticity moving beyond unconscious reactions to insight and meaning. You will be in a safe place to honestly tend to your feelings and needs. I work holistically and respect you as a whole person who is uniquely coping with what has happened to you.
(805) 243-2057 View (805) 243-2057
Jo Ellen Elizabeth Eng
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I invite you to view my website to see about my practice…drjoelleneng.com
I invite you to view my website to see about my practice…drjoelleneng.com
(805) 424-8148 View (805) 424-8148
Photo of Susan Soderman, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Susan Soderman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
I work with individuals and families that are feeling stuck, frustrated, and tired of living in the same negative behavioral patterns. I believe that we are all capable of achieving mental wellness.
I work with individuals and families that are feeling stuck, frustrated, and tired of living in the same negative behavioral patterns. I believe that we are all capable of achieving mental wellness.
(805) 865-7216 View (805) 865-7216
Photo of Albert Breton, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Albert Breton
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
1 Endorsed
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
Waitlist for new clients
Navigating the challenges of life can be overwhelming and confusing, especially without support. If you’re reading this, you've already taken the first step in your healing journey and I’d be honored to accompany you. My work often focuses on supporting individuals recovering from childhood trauma, navigating relationship and identity issues, dealing with anxiety and depression, sitting with self-critical or self-hating views of themselves, feeling disempowered within systems of oppression, and discovering (or rediscovering) the parts of themselves they have lost.
Navigating the challenges of life can be overwhelming and confusing, especially without support. If you’re reading this, you've already taken the first step in your healing journey and I’d be honored to accompany you. My work often focuses on supporting individuals recovering from childhood trauma, navigating relationship and identity issues, dealing with anxiety and depression, sitting with self-critical or self-hating views of themselves, feeling disempowered within systems of oppression, and discovering (or rediscovering) the parts of themselves they have lost.
(805) 924-7844 View (805) 924-7844
Photo of Sara Murdoch, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Sara Murdoch
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
Therapy is a collaborative and supportive process…an invitation to deepen your understanding of who you truly are. As your therapist, I will walk with you on a journey of self-discovery and healing, helping you work through what is holding you back. I don’t believe that you are a diagnosis but a whole person who may be struggling with some overwhelming challenges. Connecting with you as an individual and listening deeply to your story helps me to see your unique potential. I guide individuals through diverse life challenges like relationship issues, academic challenges, career transitions, empty nesting, and divorce.
Therapy is a collaborative and supportive process…an invitation to deepen your understanding of who you truly are. As your therapist, I will walk with you on a journey of self-discovery and healing, helping you work through what is holding you back. I don’t believe that you are a diagnosis but a whole person who may be struggling with some overwhelming challenges. Connecting with you as an individual and listening deeply to your story helps me to see your unique potential. I guide individuals through diverse life challenges like relationship issues, academic challenges, career transitions, empty nesting, and divorce.
(805) 608-3124 View (805) 608-3124
Photo of Anna Krasno - Autism Assessment Santa Barbara - Dr. Anna Krasno, Psychologist, PhD
I provide neurodiverse affirming autism evaluations and consultations for all ages and identities. I am interested in understanding the internal, hidden and genuine experience of neurodivergent individuals during the diagnostic process. Many individuals have been misdiagnosed or dismissed by providers. I am different. I work to understand masking and camouflaging of autistic traits. Autism is a difference in brain wiring and accurate diagnosis can be powerful in validating and affirming one's lived experience. A diagnostic process done in a neurodiverse affirming manner can be therapeutic.
I provide neurodiverse affirming autism evaluations and consultations for all ages and identities. I am interested in understanding the internal, hidden and genuine experience of neurodivergent individuals during the diagnostic process. Many individuals have been misdiagnosed or dismissed by providers. I am different. I work to understand masking and camouflaging of autistic traits. Autism is a difference in brain wiring and accurate diagnosis can be powerful in validating and affirming one's lived experience. A diagnostic process done in a neurodiverse affirming manner can be therapeutic.
(805) 256-3677 View (805) 256-3677
Photo of Tara Elise Fooks, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Tara Elise Fooks
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
Every person is unique, and what one needs to heal and feel whole is also unique. I see each of my clients as the individuals that they are, and work with them using the method and process best for their healing and personal growth. Therapy is a process where alchemy can occur; together we can allow for this process, and the healing begins here. I use a Client Centered approach and integrate Family Systems, Dreamwork, EMDR, play therapy, and some astrology if the client requests this.
Every person is unique, and what one needs to heal and feel whole is also unique. I see each of my clients as the individuals that they are, and work with them using the method and process best for their healing and personal growth. Therapy is a process where alchemy can occur; together we can allow for this process, and the healing begins here. I use a Client Centered approach and integrate Family Systems, Dreamwork, EMDR, play therapy, and some astrology if the client requests this.
(805) 774-1574 View (805) 774-1574
Photo of Serena Lee - Serena Lee, LCSW - Soul Tea Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serena Lee, LCSW - Soul Tea Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Online Only
If you have ever experienced trauma, then you know first hand the ways it often casts shadows on your everyday life. Maybe dissociation and constant internal conflicts make you feel disoriented, and triggers seem to be everywhere that cause intense emotional rollercoasters. Perhaps relationships seem too difficult, boundaries impossible to implement, and love and care feel beyond your reach. If this resonates with you, we may be a good fit! I journey with my clients to help them discover and love all parts of themselves, heal painful wounds from past trauma, and forge a path towards a life of clarity, peace, and authenticity.
If you have ever experienced trauma, then you know first hand the ways it often casts shadows on your everyday life. Maybe dissociation and constant internal conflicts make you feel disoriented, and triggers seem to be everywhere that cause intense emotional rollercoasters. Perhaps relationships seem too difficult, boundaries impossible to implement, and love and care feel beyond your reach. If this resonates with you, we may be a good fit! I journey with my clients to help them discover and love all parts of themselves, heal painful wounds from past trauma, and forge a path towards a life of clarity, peace, and authenticity.
(805) 666-6506 View (805) 666-6506
Photo of Maria DEALBA, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Maria DEALBA
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
You’ve tried different approaches to handling the challenges you’re facing, but it still feels like something’s missing. Maybe past attempts haven’t worked out, or you haven’t found the right fit. What you need is a therapist who understands exactly where you’re coming from and knows how to help you move forward someone who’s built a reputation for providing real results, fast. I work with teens, young adults, and families, and my clients often see quick, lasting changes. I’m passionate about helping you find clarity, build confidence, and discover the best version of yourself.
You’ve tried different approaches to handling the challenges you’re facing, but it still feels like something’s missing. Maybe past attempts haven’t worked out, or you haven’t found the right fit. What you need is a therapist who understands exactly where you’re coming from and knows how to help you move forward someone who’s built a reputation for providing real results, fast. I work with teens, young adults, and families, and my clients often see quick, lasting changes. I’m passionate about helping you find clarity, build confidence, and discover the best version of yourself.
(805) 892-6442 View (805) 892-6442
Photo of Kristine Schwarz, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Kristine Schwarz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
1 Endorsed
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
I enjoy working with clients struggling with the challenges of interpersonal relationships and the daily and often overwhelming realities of every day life. I typically provide the best support for clients who want to have a collaborative relationship with their therapist. I specialize in working with clients who struggle with emotional regulation, anxiety, anger, relational abuse, substance use, and life, relationship and career transitions. I provide a safe space for clients to heal and support them as needed through recognized therapeutic interventions and appropriate community and/or professional referrals.
I enjoy working with clients struggling with the challenges of interpersonal relationships and the daily and often overwhelming realities of every day life. I typically provide the best support for clients who want to have a collaborative relationship with their therapist. I specialize in working with clients who struggle with emotional regulation, anxiety, anger, relational abuse, substance use, and life, relationship and career transitions. I provide a safe space for clients to heal and support them as needed through recognized therapeutic interventions and appropriate community and/or professional referrals.
(805) 301-5113 x452 View (805) 301-5113 x452

See more therapy options for Santa Barbara

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Santa Barbara, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in Santa Barbara, CA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
83% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
65% Stress
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% Aetna
49% Cigna and Evernorth
45% Optum

How Therapists in Santa Barbara, CA see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Santa Barbara?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.