Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Debra Miller, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Debra Miller
Marriage & Family Therapist, RN, MFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
"The more aspects of myself I am given the freedom to know and live without reacting to as right or wrong, good or bad, the more I can witness all the elements of who I am and the healthier I am" ---Diane Shainberg. As a psychotherapist, I practice with the belief that therapy can be a rich and vital exploration into understanding the deepest parts of ourselves.The parts we cherish as well as the parts we want to change.
"The more aspects of myself I am given the freedom to know and live without reacting to as right or wrong, good or bad, the more I can witness all the elements of who I am and the healthier I am" ---Diane Shainberg. As a psychotherapist, I practice with the belief that therapy can be a rich and vital exploration into understanding the deepest parts of ourselves.The parts we cherish as well as the parts we want to change.
(415) 347-5972 View (415) 347-5972
Photo of Nicole Lako, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Nicole Lako
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
Are you a parent of young children who feels the stress, anxiety and depression related to parenting? Do you need support alleviating these conditions, improving communication and parenting skills and connecting more with loved ones? I help moms and dads of young children strengthen their connection with their children, their partner and themselves.
Are you a parent of young children who feels the stress, anxiety and depression related to parenting? Do you need support alleviating these conditions, improving communication and parenting skills and connecting more with loved ones? I help moms and dads of young children strengthen their connection with their children, their partner and themselves.
(415) 799-7614 View (415) 799-7614
Photo of Rebecca Poplawski, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Rebecca Poplawski
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
Dr. Rebecca Poplawski is a licensed clinical psychologist with an interest in trauma, couples therapy, and mood disorders. She has worked in a variety of clinical settings throughout California and has experience working with a wide range of presenting concerns, including depression, anxiety, PTSD, and borderline personality disorder. Dr. Poplawski works from several modalities including cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and emotion-focused therapy.
Dr. Rebecca Poplawski is a licensed clinical psychologist with an interest in trauma, couples therapy, and mood disorders. She has worked in a variety of clinical settings throughout California and has experience working with a wide range of presenting concerns, including depression, anxiety, PTSD, and borderline personality disorder. Dr. Poplawski works from several modalities including cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and emotion-focused therapy.
(415) 903-7331 View (415) 903-7331
Photo of Susan Mak, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Susan Mak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94127
I offer Sunday hours for busy individuals. It's natural to feel anxious about entering therapy because it involves sharing difficult aspects of your life. The process may be easier if you feel connected with your therapist. My approach is gentle, warm, and supportive so you can express yourself without fear of judgment or shame. My goals are to help you improve your coping skills, gain insight and clarity, identify your strengths, face challenges, and find some inner peace.
I offer Sunday hours for busy individuals. It's natural to feel anxious about entering therapy because it involves sharing difficult aspects of your life. The process may be easier if you feel connected with your therapist. My approach is gentle, warm, and supportive so you can express yourself without fear of judgment or shame. My goals are to help you improve your coping skills, gain insight and clarity, identify your strengths, face challenges, and find some inner peace.
(415) 528-5269 View (415) 528-5269
Photo of Greg Rowe-Pasos, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Greg Rowe-Pasos
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
I'm a no-nonsense, supportive guy, the kind people are happy to have on their side. If I have a tombstone I hope the word CURIOUS will be on it. My curiosity is endless. I love helping folks get curious about how things - visible and invisible - impact their lives, from finances and sex to emotions and power. Engaging, supportive, and playful are other words clients use. About a third of my clients are couples. Over half are men. Many do some kind of creative work and created their own business. They are all over the Shy-to-Outgoing Spectrum.
I'm a no-nonsense, supportive guy, the kind people are happy to have on their side. If I have a tombstone I hope the word CURIOUS will be on it. My curiosity is endless. I love helping folks get curious about how things - visible and invisible - impact their lives, from finances and sex to emotions and power. Engaging, supportive, and playful are other words clients use. About a third of my clients are couples. Over half are men. Many do some kind of creative work and created their own business. They are all over the Shy-to-Outgoing Spectrum.
(415) 912-1698 View (415) 912-1698
Photo of Nicole Therese Muller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Nicole Therese Muller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94122
Talking with a therapist provides a safe place to talk about painful thoughts, feelings and stressors. You may be feeling sad, angry, anxious or stuck. You may be unable to control negative thoughts, unhealthy behaviors, engaging in unhealthy relationships or repeating destructive patterns. You may be distressed from memories related to traumatic events. It takes courage to talk to another person about these undesirable and distressing parts of your life. I offer a safe space to talk and be listened to. When you are ready, I’d like to help you feel better about yourself, your relationships and your life.
Talking with a therapist provides a safe place to talk about painful thoughts, feelings and stressors. You may be feeling sad, angry, anxious or stuck. You may be unable to control negative thoughts, unhealthy behaviors, engaging in unhealthy relationships or repeating destructive patterns. You may be distressed from memories related to traumatic events. It takes courage to talk to another person about these undesirable and distressing parts of your life. I offer a safe space to talk and be listened to. When you are ready, I’d like to help you feel better about yourself, your relationships and your life.
(415) 592-6500 View (415) 592-6500
Photo of Nate Hinerman, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Nate Hinerman
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
Nate Hinerman, PhD, LMFT, is Dean of Undergraduate Programs at Golden Gate University, San Francisco, where he is also a tenured Professor of Psychology, as well as the Chair of the Psychology Department. He is also on the faculty at the University of San Francisco, teaching in the Nursing School, and in the Religious Studies Department. He serves as Chair of the San Francisco End of Life Network, a community-based support and education group for hospice and palliative care professionals and patients, now in its 23rd year (www.sfeol.org).
Nate Hinerman, PhD, LMFT, is Dean of Undergraduate Programs at Golden Gate University, San Francisco, where he is also a tenured Professor of Psychology, as well as the Chair of the Psychology Department. He is also on the faculty at the University of San Francisco, teaching in the Nursing School, and in the Religious Studies Department. He serves as Chair of the San Francisco End of Life Network, a community-based support and education group for hospice and palliative care professionals and patients, now in its 23rd year (www.sfeol.org).
(628) 215-8084 View (628) 215-8084
Photo of Anja Schmitz, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Anja Schmitz
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110
Welcome to my practice! Have you been feeling like anxiety, low mood and motivation have been getting you stuck and preventing you from living the life you want to? Anxiety is a normal and important feeling that we developed to protect us from harm. If you are experiencing overwhelming levels of anxiety though, it can prevent you from doing things you care about, disrupt your social life and cause intense distress. Similarly, if you suffer from very low mood and motivation, it might seem impossible to engage in activities you previously cared about.
Welcome to my practice! Have you been feeling like anxiety, low mood and motivation have been getting you stuck and preventing you from living the life you want to? Anxiety is a normal and important feeling that we developed to protect us from harm. If you are experiencing overwhelming levels of anxiety though, it can prevent you from doing things you care about, disrupt your social life and cause intense distress. Similarly, if you suffer from very low mood and motivation, it might seem impossible to engage in activities you previously cared about.
(415) 689-7711 View (415) 689-7711
Photo of Sandrah Susan Henry, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sandrah Susan Henry
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
I am empathic and warm yet direct and challenging in our collaborative relationship. I provide a safe harbor from which to work and together we will identify ways in which your past is preventing you from living the life you want. Some of my hopes are that your tendency to be self-critical will soften and that you will become compassionate towards yourself; that you will gain positive coping skills to deal with stress and anxiety and to decrease perfectionistic tendencies and that you accomplish the goals that you have set for yourself. I will be your guide in this process.
I am empathic and warm yet direct and challenging in our collaborative relationship. I provide a safe harbor from which to work and together we will identify ways in which your past is preventing you from living the life you want. Some of my hopes are that your tendency to be self-critical will soften and that you will become compassionate towards yourself; that you will gain positive coping skills to deal with stress and anxiety and to decrease perfectionistic tendencies and that you accomplish the goals that you have set for yourself. I will be your guide in this process.
(415) 965-8637 View (415) 965-8637
Photo of Walter Beckman, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Walter Beckman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Something is troubling you. What you can gain from greater self-awareness, understanding and true compassion for yourself can be extraordinary. Our conversations will help you overcome the obstacles to accessing the resources you already possess and developing those that are yet to come forth. Whether you suffer from anxiety, difficult grief or loss, creative blocks, or under-utilization of your full potential, talking to a non-judgmental professional listener can help.
Something is troubling you. What you can gain from greater self-awareness, understanding and true compassion for yourself can be extraordinary. Our conversations will help you overcome the obstacles to accessing the resources you already possess and developing those that are yet to come forth. Whether you suffer from anxiety, difficult grief or loss, creative blocks, or under-utilization of your full potential, talking to a non-judgmental professional listener can help.
(415) 789-3477 View (415) 789-3477
Photo of Fierce Therapy , Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Fierce Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94117  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I believe in meeting the client where they are, facing the issues presented with an open mind, and to always establish healthy boundaries. My approach is to help manage life's transitions together in a way that provides a nurturing & empathetic experience.
I believe in meeting the client where they are, facing the issues presented with an open mind, and to always establish healthy boundaries. My approach is to help manage life's transitions together in a way that provides a nurturing & empathetic experience.
(510) 240-1830 View (510) 240-1830
Photo of Dax Glasson-Darling, Associate Clinical Social Worker in San Francisco, CA
Dax Glasson-Darling
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW, MT-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
I am an associate social worker and board-certified music therapist. I aim to provide therapy that is anti-racist, accessible, queer affirming, sex and body positive, kink aware, trauma informed, and accepting of all relationship styles. My current focus is providing individual teletherapy to LGBTQIA2S+ adults experiencing life transitions and wanting to heal from trauma, depression, and anxiety. I am also passionate about working with people who are exploring sexuality, gender expression, and gender identity. I am able to provide letters for gender-affirming medical services if that is a part of your journey.
I am an associate social worker and board-certified music therapist. I aim to provide therapy that is anti-racist, accessible, queer affirming, sex and body positive, kink aware, trauma informed, and accepting of all relationship styles. My current focus is providing individual teletherapy to LGBTQIA2S+ adults experiencing life transitions and wanting to heal from trauma, depression, and anxiety. I am also passionate about working with people who are exploring sexuality, gender expression, and gender identity. I am able to provide letters for gender-affirming medical services if that is a part of your journey.
(510) 680-2176 View (510) 680-2176
Photo of Roshini Kumar, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Roshini Kumar
Licensed Professional Counselor, MRC, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Roshini Kumar is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in California who has been practicing since 2015. She has a Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology and Studio Art from Baylor University and a Master’s Degree in Rehabilitation Counseling Psychology from University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. As a licensed therapist and a certified Pilates instructor, Roshini values the holistic mind/body approach by using evidence-based therapies of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy alongside mindful movement.
Roshini Kumar is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in California who has been practicing since 2015. She has a Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology and Studio Art from Baylor University and a Master’s Degree in Rehabilitation Counseling Psychology from University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. As a licensed therapist and a certified Pilates instructor, Roshini values the holistic mind/body approach by using evidence-based therapies of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy alongside mindful movement.
(628) 500-8011 View (628) 500-8011
Photo of Shyla Batliwalla, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Shyla Batliwalla
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
Are you facing constant overwhelm, stress, or anxiety? Struggling to establish healthy boundaries in your life? Finding it hard to connect with others and maintain relationships? Taking the step towards understanding yourself better is an act of self-kindness and courage. I work with you to provide a supportive and safe space as we work through this process. Just like life, therapy can feel intimidating and overwhelming, it can also feel empowering and transformative. Let's work together to live with more clarity, purpose, and peace. I look forward to connecting with you!
Are you facing constant overwhelm, stress, or anxiety? Struggling to establish healthy boundaries in your life? Finding it hard to connect with others and maintain relationships? Taking the step towards understanding yourself better is an act of self-kindness and courage. I work with you to provide a supportive and safe space as we work through this process. Just like life, therapy can feel intimidating and overwhelming, it can also feel empowering and transformative. Let's work together to live with more clarity, purpose, and peace. I look forward to connecting with you!
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Photo of Lizette Aguirre, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Lizette Aguirre
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94116  (Online Only)
Dr. Aguirre is a licensed clinical psychologist with specialties in trauma and stress-related disorders, anxiety and major depression, life transitions, grief and loss, identity development and multiculturalism. She draws from a variety of evidence-based psychotherapies, including behavioral therapies like CBT and CPT, third-wave psychotherapies like DBT and ACT, and more structured therapies like EMDR, and Prolonged Exposure in order to find the right fit for each client. Her approach is values-affirming, collaborative, empathic, and culturally inclusive.
Dr. Aguirre is a licensed clinical psychologist with specialties in trauma and stress-related disorders, anxiety and major depression, life transitions, grief and loss, identity development and multiculturalism. She draws from a variety of evidence-based psychotherapies, including behavioral therapies like CBT and CPT, third-wave psychotherapies like DBT and ACT, and more structured therapies like EMDR, and Prolonged Exposure in order to find the right fit for each client. Her approach is values-affirming, collaborative, empathic, and culturally inclusive.
(415) 636-6544 View (415) 636-6544
Photo of Genevieve Walker, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Genevieve Walker
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94117
Welcome. Perhaps you are seeking out therapy to help manage a crisis or maybe you finally have enough stability in your life to work on deeper issues? As a psychotherapist, I meet my clients where they are and offer the support most suited for their needs. In my practice, I work with everything from artistic blocks, anxiety, depression and relationship issues to severe trauma, grief, addiction and existential unrest.
Welcome. Perhaps you are seeking out therapy to help manage a crisis or maybe you finally have enough stability in your life to work on deeper issues? As a psychotherapist, I meet my clients where they are and offer the support most suited for their needs. In my practice, I work with everything from artistic blocks, anxiety, depression and relationship issues to severe trauma, grief, addiction and existential unrest.
(415) 942-2640 View (415) 942-2640
Photo of Daniel M. Kaplan, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Daniel M. Kaplan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Finding a therapist that can help can be a daunting endeavor. Finding one who specializes in hypnosis can be even more daunting. Allow me to assist you in the difficulties of your life so that together, we might generate relief and solutions to your ongoing pain. I also utilize mindfulness based cognitive therapy to help you move past 'problems' and realize solutions as well as collaborative solution oriented approaches to help you reach your goal, in collaborative, therapeutic conversations. Allow me to help you generate the very solutions and outcomes that will help you become 'unstuck' from hurtful or ineffective patterns.
Finding a therapist that can help can be a daunting endeavor. Finding one who specializes in hypnosis can be even more daunting. Allow me to assist you in the difficulties of your life so that together, we might generate relief and solutions to your ongoing pain. I also utilize mindfulness based cognitive therapy to help you move past 'problems' and realize solutions as well as collaborative solution oriented approaches to help you reach your goal, in collaborative, therapeutic conversations. Allow me to help you generate the very solutions and outcomes that will help you become 'unstuck' from hurtful or ineffective patterns.
(415) 813-5225 View (415) 813-5225
Photo of Daniel Jin Blum, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Daniel Jin Blum
Psychologist, PhD, DBSM
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94140  (Online Only)
Having difficulties sleeping? Lacking the energy to perform at your best? As a Stanford trained sleep psychologist and Diplomate in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, I provide evidenced-based treatment for individuals coping with a wide range of concerns including trouble sleeping, anxiety and performance. I am passionate about helping people optimize their physical, mental and emotional health and take a collaborative and practical approach. I am committed to making sure we are a good fit, so please feel free to call me for a complimentary phone consultation.
Having difficulties sleeping? Lacking the energy to perform at your best? As a Stanford trained sleep psychologist and Diplomate in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, I provide evidenced-based treatment for individuals coping with a wide range of concerns including trouble sleeping, anxiety and performance. I am passionate about helping people optimize their physical, mental and emotional health and take a collaborative and practical approach. I am committed to making sure we are a good fit, so please feel free to call me for a complimentary phone consultation.
(415) 801-3612 View (415) 801-3612
Photo of Laurie Fields, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Laurie Fields
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
Warm, experienced, down-to-earth, effective... I am a clinical psychologist providing individual therapy for adults in California. I think good therapy calls for sensitivity, genuineness, open-mindedness, honesty, and having your best interests at heart. During our work together, I will listen deeply to your struggles and help clarify aspects that you may not be aware of. I can help you to move forward from painful places, uncover your full potential, feel better about yourself, improve your relationships with others, and navigate your life according to your values.
Warm, experienced, down-to-earth, effective... I am a clinical psychologist providing individual therapy for adults in California. I think good therapy calls for sensitivity, genuineness, open-mindedness, honesty, and having your best interests at heart. During our work together, I will listen deeply to your struggles and help clarify aspects that you may not be aware of. I can help you to move forward from painful places, uncover your full potential, feel better about yourself, improve your relationships with others, and navigate your life according to your values.
(415) 749-9352 View (415) 749-9352
Photo of Maria Sobol, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Maria Sobol
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
For over 20 years, my work with individuals, couples, children, and families has been based on the belief that change is possible and most likely to occur when people feel comfortable and safe in relationship, both with themselves and others. My relational, warm, collaborative and accepting approach is strengths-based and fosters connection with each person to promote progress and success in therapy. My clients have been been impacted by trauma, loss, and adversity. I help them find ways to manage anxiety, depression, interpersonal conflict, and grief and deal with emotional challenges from childhood and life transitions.
For over 20 years, my work with individuals, couples, children, and families has been based on the belief that change is possible and most likely to occur when people feel comfortable and safe in relationship, both with themselves and others. My relational, warm, collaborative and accepting approach is strengths-based and fosters connection with each person to promote progress and success in therapy. My clients have been been impacted by trauma, loss, and adversity. I help them find ways to manage anxiety, depression, interpersonal conflict, and grief and deal with emotional challenges from childhood and life transitions.
(415) 371-9190 View (415) 371-9190

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.