Therapists in San Francisco County, CA

Photo of Carine France, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco County, CA
Carine France
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
I am an experienced integrative psychotherapist and Jungian psychoanalyst with over 20 years of clinical experience. I work with individuals who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, stress management, health issues, and job and life transitions. My approach is very relational and collaborative. My goal is to help you explore what gets in the way of moving forward – difficult feelings or thoughts, old patterns, childhood conditionings – and help you regain an authentic connection with yourself and life.
I am an experienced integrative psychotherapist and Jungian psychoanalyst with over 20 years of clinical experience. I work with individuals who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, stress management, health issues, and job and life transitions. My approach is very relational and collaborative. My goal is to help you explore what gets in the way of moving forward – difficult feelings or thoughts, old patterns, childhood conditionings – and help you regain an authentic connection with yourself and life.
(415) 233-9120 View (415) 233-9120
Photo of Lauren LaPointe - Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco County, CA
Lauren LaPointe - Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, BA, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
Have you tried talk therapy before and eventually came to a place of feeling stuck or like it wasn't helping anymore? Are you struggling with feelings of depression, anxiety and chronic pain? Are you a part of the LGBTQ+ community and looking for a therapist who is knowledgeable about the struggles faced in this community? Do you need help navigating life transitions? Do you want to explore and better understand the dynamics of your family and friends? Do you need help processing challenging experiences or trauma? Are you curious about psychedelic assisted therapy? Or maybe you just want to deepen your understanding of yourself.
Have you tried talk therapy before and eventually came to a place of feeling stuck or like it wasn't helping anymore? Are you struggling with feelings of depression, anxiety and chronic pain? Are you a part of the LGBTQ+ community and looking for a therapist who is knowledgeable about the struggles faced in this community? Do you need help navigating life transitions? Do you want to explore and better understand the dynamics of your family and friends? Do you need help processing challenging experiences or trauma? Are you curious about psychedelic assisted therapy? Or maybe you just want to deepen your understanding of yourself.
(510) 345-1832 View (510) 345-1832
Photo of Kristen Cubeta, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco County, CA
Kristen Cubeta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I strive to provide evidence-based treatment, while also meeting my clients where they are and treating them as the expert of their experience. My style can be described as warm and laid-back. It is my goal to get to know each person I work with deeply so I can tailor treatment to fit their individual needs. I tend to utilize CBT and/or DBT strategies in most sessions.
I strive to provide evidence-based treatment, while also meeting my clients where they are and treating them as the expert of their experience. My style can be described as warm and laid-back. It is my goal to get to know each person I work with deeply so I can tailor treatment to fit their individual needs. I tend to utilize CBT and/or DBT strategies in most sessions.
(510) 359-5058 View (510) 359-5058
Photo of Dietmar Brinkmann, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco County, CA
Dietmar Brinkmann
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
Are you overwhelmed by emotional turmoil? Is a relationship causing you pain? Do you feel stuck in anxiety or depression? As an expert in emotional resilience and relational wellbeing, I help you get in touch with what you deeply want and uncover internal resources that have been buried. I assist you in developing communication skills to navigate the complexities of friendship, family and work. From this place of strength, we create together a safe space in therapy to experience and express the full range of human emotions so that even the most difficult experiences and traumatic events can be processed.
Are you overwhelmed by emotional turmoil? Is a relationship causing you pain? Do you feel stuck in anxiety or depression? As an expert in emotional resilience and relational wellbeing, I help you get in touch with what you deeply want and uncover internal resources that have been buried. I assist you in developing communication skills to navigate the complexities of friendship, family and work. From this place of strength, we create together a safe space in therapy to experience and express the full range of human emotions so that even the most difficult experiences and traumatic events can be processed.
(415) 639-9029 View (415) 639-9029
Photo of Zoi Dorit Eliou, Psychologist in San Francisco County, CA
Zoi Dorit Eliou
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My practice is currently closed to new patients. If you are a patient I have previously seen and in need of a consultation please contact me so I can assist you on how to proceed. Presently I am focused on peer consultation and public service. I mainly worked on providing services to adult patients with moderate to severe psychopathology, primarily Depressive disorders, Bipolar spectrum disorders, Anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD and Personality disorders. In addition, I treated people with complex medical problems, managing autoimmune disorders, cancer, diabetes and high risk pregnancies co-morbid with mood disorders.
My practice is currently closed to new patients. If you are a patient I have previously seen and in need of a consultation please contact me so I can assist you on how to proceed. Presently I am focused on peer consultation and public service. I mainly worked on providing services to adult patients with moderate to severe psychopathology, primarily Depressive disorders, Bipolar spectrum disorders, Anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD and Personality disorders. In addition, I treated people with complex medical problems, managing autoimmune disorders, cancer, diabetes and high risk pregnancies co-morbid with mood disorders.
(650) 918-4545 View (650) 918-4545
Photo of Isis Lewis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco County, CA
Isis Lewis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
I am a passionate and empathetic therapist with strong counseling abilities and an understanding of interpersonal familial relationships. I have experience leading clients through their struggles with interpersonal issues, anxiety, depression, and life transitions. Through clinical experience, compassion, and empathy I support and assist those willing to make a positive difference in their lives.
I am a passionate and empathetic therapist with strong counseling abilities and an understanding of interpersonal familial relationships. I have experience leading clients through their struggles with interpersonal issues, anxiety, depression, and life transitions. Through clinical experience, compassion, and empathy I support and assist those willing to make a positive difference in their lives.
(312) 561-3208 View (312) 561-3208
Photo of Emilie C. Scovill, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco County, CA
Emilie C. Scovill
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
In the fast-paced, hyper-competitive Bay Area, it can be challenging to balance all of the roles that we assume. Work, school, money, technology, and relationship stressors can leave us feeling depleted. Anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and career dissatisfaction are some of the ways stressors may manifest. My aim is to support and help to empower you to improve your life by engaging in the life that you want to lead. This may result in increased effectiveness, happiness, and reduced suffering in all of your roles.
In the fast-paced, hyper-competitive Bay Area, it can be challenging to balance all of the roles that we assume. Work, school, money, technology, and relationship stressors can leave us feeling depleted. Anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and career dissatisfaction are some of the ways stressors may manifest. My aim is to support and help to empower you to improve your life by engaging in the life that you want to lead. This may result in increased effectiveness, happiness, and reduced suffering in all of your roles.
(415) 942-8475 View (415) 942-8475
Photo of Maria Lentzou, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco County, CA
Maria Lentzou
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
I work with children, teens and adults, in individual sessions and groups. Adults and teens: I see you as creative, resourceful, and whole on your own. I am here to help you heal wounds that keep you stuck and don't let you believe in your own strengths and intuition. I can offer curious questions, valuable resources and tools to add to your own toolbelt, new perspectives, and challenges that honor your goals and what you need to live your best life. I also provide Authentic Movement groups and experiential creative workshops.
I work with children, teens and adults, in individual sessions and groups. Adults and teens: I see you as creative, resourceful, and whole on your own. I am here to help you heal wounds that keep you stuck and don't let you believe in your own strengths and intuition. I can offer curious questions, valuable resources and tools to add to your own toolbelt, new perspectives, and challenges that honor your goals and what you need to live your best life. I also provide Authentic Movement groups and experiential creative workshops.
(415) 862-1656 View (415) 862-1656
Photo of Denise Stilwell, Psychologist in San Francisco County, CA
Denise Stilwell
Psychologist, RN, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
Dr. Denise Stilwell is a licensed clinical psychologist with seven years of experience providing psychotherapy in a variety of clinical settings. She worked as a nurse for sixteen years before she became a psychotherapist and brings that rich experience into her practice. She specializes in treating anxiety, depression, identity issues, interpersonal issues, grief, managing chronic illness, and somatic symptom disorder. Dr. Stilwell collaborates with her clients to ensure they feel seen and heard in their sessions while utilizing evidence-based therapy approaches that are culturally sensitive and individually focused.
Dr. Denise Stilwell is a licensed clinical psychologist with seven years of experience providing psychotherapy in a variety of clinical settings. She worked as a nurse for sixteen years before she became a psychotherapist and brings that rich experience into her practice. She specializes in treating anxiety, depression, identity issues, interpersonal issues, grief, managing chronic illness, and somatic symptom disorder. Dr. Stilwell collaborates with her clients to ensure they feel seen and heard in their sessions while utilizing evidence-based therapy approaches that are culturally sensitive and individually focused.
(415) 306-8574 View (415) 306-8574
Photo of Dr. Dyan Savery, Psychologist in San Francisco County, CA
Dr. Dyan Savery
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
Dr. Savery, PhD is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist with over twenty years of experience helping individuals improve their lives. She focuses on holistic yet specific and tailored treatment based on the individual needs of each person. If you have depression, anxiety or are unsure how you feel, Dr. Savery specializes in helping you understand your thoughts and feelings that are getting in the way of your happiness. You will work together to approach what the obstacles to your happiness are and how to effectively cope with life’s demands.
Dr. Savery, PhD is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist with over twenty years of experience helping individuals improve their lives. She focuses on holistic yet specific and tailored treatment based on the individual needs of each person. If you have depression, anxiety or are unsure how you feel, Dr. Savery specializes in helping you understand your thoughts and feelings that are getting in the way of your happiness. You will work together to approach what the obstacles to your happiness are and how to effectively cope with life’s demands.
(628) 265-8503 View (628) 265-8503
Photo of Patrick Neer, Psychologist in San Francisco County, CA
Patrick Neer
Psychologist, PsyD, MS
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
In addition to immediate help, people want deep and lasting change, and this is the overall focus of my approach. First, a vital part of therapeutic success is forming a safe and trusting therapeutic relationship. My approach centers on creating a warm, collaborative and interactive therapeutic setting in which painful or troubling feelings, thoughts, memories, and issues can be faced and worked through. Goals are tailored to each individual, and can be brief and focused, or longer-term and more depth-oriented. I specialize in life transitions, trauma, identity issues, and mood problems. I also work with couples.
In addition to immediate help, people want deep and lasting change, and this is the overall focus of my approach. First, a vital part of therapeutic success is forming a safe and trusting therapeutic relationship. My approach centers on creating a warm, collaborative and interactive therapeutic setting in which painful or troubling feelings, thoughts, memories, and issues can be faced and worked through. Goals are tailored to each individual, and can be brief and focused, or longer-term and more depth-oriented. I specialize in life transitions, trauma, identity issues, and mood problems. I also work with couples.
(510) 878-4491 View (510) 878-4491
Photo of Brian Thompson, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco County, CA
Brian Thompson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104
Are you ready to up-level your self understanding? Wow, navigating life and relationships can get confusing and overwhelming so quickly! It is my pleasure to help turn the tensions and pain you're experiencing into opportunities for growth and expansion. If you're ready to make changes and welcome in new ways of being, now is the time. I work with individuals, couples, and groups. We will find the nourishment within the pain while not losing track of what feels good...laughter is not uncommon in my office. If you are interested in working in a group, check out IRL Men below.
Are you ready to up-level your self understanding? Wow, navigating life and relationships can get confusing and overwhelming so quickly! It is my pleasure to help turn the tensions and pain you're experiencing into opportunities for growth and expansion. If you're ready to make changes and welcome in new ways of being, now is the time. I work with individuals, couples, and groups. We will find the nourishment within the pain while not losing track of what feels good...laughter is not uncommon in my office. If you are interested in working in a group, check out IRL Men below.
(628) 227-5620 View (628) 227-5620
Photo of Larry O'Connor, Marriage and Family Therapist, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco County, CA
Larry O'Connor, Marriage and Family Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MA, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110
Choosing a therapist that is a good fit and you can see working with deserves consideration. It’s important the therapist is someone you can trust, who gets you, and has professional experience with what you need, and conveys a sense of confidence and commitment to helping you. I try to get to know every client I work with, understand who they are, what their lives are like. I look for your individual strengths, unique capabilities, positive qualities, and help you recognize and build upon these to improve your current circumstances.
Choosing a therapist that is a good fit and you can see working with deserves consideration. It’s important the therapist is someone you can trust, who gets you, and has professional experience with what you need, and conveys a sense of confidence and commitment to helping you. I try to get to know every client I work with, understand who they are, what their lives are like. I look for your individual strengths, unique capabilities, positive qualities, and help you recognize and build upon these to improve your current circumstances.
(415) 225-3032 View (415) 225-3032
Photo of Lucy A Boas, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco County, CA
Lucy A Boas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
You work really hard and take care of a lot of people. But sometimes giving so much of yourself depletes and exhausts you. You’re ready to clarify and prioritize your own needs. You’re looking for a safe place to share your story and discuss what might be getting in the way of living the life you truly want. I’m here to help.
You work really hard and take care of a lot of people. But sometimes giving so much of yourself depletes and exhausts you. You’re ready to clarify and prioritize your own needs. You’re looking for a safe place to share your story and discuss what might be getting in the way of living the life you truly want. I’m here to help.
(628) 265-8110 View (628) 265-8110
Photo of Taylor Swing, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco County, CA
Taylor Swing
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
Do you feel stuck and exhausted by all the cycles of "what if" that take up space in your mind? Are you struggling with anxiety or negative body image? Do you feel stuck in unhealthy dating or relationship patterns? You're not alone. In our lives, we all desire connection, security, and ease - sometimes we just need some help reaching our goals. My work strives to help individuals struggling with anxiety, body image, disordered eating, and relationships to heal, learn supportive coping skills, and feel secure in their lives.
Do you feel stuck and exhausted by all the cycles of "what if" that take up space in your mind? Are you struggling with anxiety or negative body image? Do you feel stuck in unhealthy dating or relationship patterns? You're not alone. In our lives, we all desire connection, security, and ease - sometimes we just need some help reaching our goals. My work strives to help individuals struggling with anxiety, body image, disordered eating, and relationships to heal, learn supportive coping skills, and feel secure in their lives.
(415) 787-4506 View (415) 787-4506
Photo of Mehreen Zahoor, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco County, CA
Mehreen Zahoor
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123  (Online Only)
I’m changing what I’ve written here. The world feels like a dumpster fire and I’m human enough to admit it. Are you feeling anxious and depressed? Do you need a safe space to talk about the frustration and fears you’re facing? I want to offer you that. We have been called resilient in the face of adversity for so long. And it’s intensely tiring to be glorified and honored for a having survival response. That’s what it is- survival. Therapy can be a place where you can leave your resiliency at the door and share your vulnerabilities.
I’m changing what I’ve written here. The world feels like a dumpster fire and I’m human enough to admit it. Are you feeling anxious and depressed? Do you need a safe space to talk about the frustration and fears you’re facing? I want to offer you that. We have been called resilient in the face of adversity for so long. And it’s intensely tiring to be glorified and honored for a having survival response. That’s what it is- survival. Therapy can be a place where you can leave your resiliency at the door and share your vulnerabilities.
(415) 881-3784 View (415) 881-3784
Photo of David A Donovan, Psychologist in San Francisco County, CA
David A Donovan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94116  (Online Only)
Are you a man with problems at work, or your relationships? Do you want things to be different? Then you must do things differently. Usually we solve problems by our efforts, or with the support of friends and family. That is often best. Other times, professional guidance is required. If you want an experienced psychologist who is well informed, practical, compassionate, and collaborative, consider working with me. I am ready to help you help yourself. Just email to arrange a phone consultation without cost or obligation. Please note: I provide online therapy to California men only.
Are you a man with problems at work, or your relationships? Do you want things to be different? Then you must do things differently. Usually we solve problems by our efforts, or with the support of friends and family. That is often best. Other times, professional guidance is required. If you want an experienced psychologist who is well informed, practical, compassionate, and collaborative, consider working with me. I am ready to help you help yourself. Just email to arrange a phone consultation without cost or obligation. Please note: I provide online therapy to California men only.
(415) 802-0119 View (415) 802-0119
Photo of Denis Barron, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco County, CA
Denis Barron
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
Childhood can be an incredibly challenging time for kids, as well as for their families. The days can drag on, as the years fly by. While teens and children strive for independence and control, we as adults know that it may take time and effort until they are truly ready to take the reins successfully. This can be a difficult balance that can lead to turmoil and conflict. I am here to help young people find the tools to successfully navigate this time of change, and to help whole families increase respectful dialogue and peace at home. I also work with parents to increase effective parenting and co-parenting strategies.
Childhood can be an incredibly challenging time for kids, as well as for their families. The days can drag on, as the years fly by. While teens and children strive for independence and control, we as adults know that it may take time and effort until they are truly ready to take the reins successfully. This can be a difficult balance that can lead to turmoil and conflict. I am here to help young people find the tools to successfully navigate this time of change, and to help whole families increase respectful dialogue and peace at home. I also work with parents to increase effective parenting and co-parenting strategies.
(628) 333-3613 View (628) 333-3613
Photo of Suzanne Young, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco County, CA
Suzanne Young
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
I work with individual adults who are struggling with feelings of worry, self-doubt, disconnection, or stagnation in their relationships and/or other aspects of their life. I work with children who have difficulty processing big emotions as well as with their caretakers to develop new ways of communicating with one another.
I work with individual adults who are struggling with feelings of worry, self-doubt, disconnection, or stagnation in their relationships and/or other aspects of their life. I work with children who have difficulty processing big emotions as well as with their caretakers to develop new ways of communicating with one another.
(415) 475-8770 View (415) 475-8770
Photo of Jeffrey Ly | Porn Addiction Relationship in San Francisco County, CA
Jeffrey Ly | Porn Addiction Relationship
LPHA, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
Pornography addiction can have a significant impact on your life and relationships but there is hope for recovery. I’m not just a mental health professional, I’ve been “you” for many years. I understand firsthand the personal and relational struggles that come with uncontrollable pornography use. The endless stream of attractive women a few clicks away on Pornhub, Onlyfan or Social Media used to reduce stress and boredom is hard to stop even when it’s destroying your life and relationships.
Pornography addiction can have a significant impact on your life and relationships but there is hope for recovery. I’m not just a mental health professional, I’ve been “you” for many years. I understand firsthand the personal and relational struggles that come with uncontrollable pornography use. The endless stream of attractive women a few clicks away on Pornhub, Onlyfan or Social Media used to reduce stress and boredom is hard to stop even when it’s destroying your life and relationships.
(415) 942-5839 View (415) 942-5839

See more therapy options for San Francisco County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco County, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$188

Therapists in San Francisco County, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco County, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.