Therapists in Talmadge, San Diego, CA

Photo of Mellissa Giegerich Hagberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mellissa Giegerich Hagberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Talmadge, San Diego, CA 92115
I am passionate about helping people release the burden of trauma, whether from childhood, relationships, or life events, that continues to shape how they see themselves and move through the world. Many feel anxious, disconnected, or stuck in old patterns, even after trying to push forward. Some struggle with food, exercise, or self-worth, especially those with an athletic background where performance once felt like identity. My goal is to help clients feel more at home in their bodies, loosen the grip of the past, and move toward greater freedom, resilience, and authenticity.
I am passionate about helping people release the burden of trauma, whether from childhood, relationships, or life events, that continues to shape how they see themselves and move through the world. Many feel anxious, disconnected, or stuck in old patterns, even after trying to push forward. Some struggle with food, exercise, or self-worth, especially those with an athletic background where performance once felt like identity. My goal is to help clients feel more at home in their bodies, loosen the grip of the past, and move toward greater freedom, resilience, and authenticity.
(619) 813-4929 View (619) 813-4929
Photo of Elaine Mills, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Elaine Mills
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
My name is Elaine Mills, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I earned my Master's Degree in Counseling Psychology from National University in 2012. I have been working in the field for ten years, licensed for four. My work history is in a variety of settings with individuals, couples, and families, including an eating disorders program, an intensive respite program for at-risk adolescents, and an on-base for military members and their families. My focus is working with a trauma-informed lens to help individuals understand how trauma impacts our bodies, minds, and our relationships with others.
My name is Elaine Mills, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I earned my Master's Degree in Counseling Psychology from National University in 2012. I have been working in the field for ten years, licensed for four. My work history is in a variety of settings with individuals, couples, and families, including an eating disorders program, an intensive respite program for at-risk adolescents, and an on-base for military members and their families. My focus is working with a trauma-informed lens to help individuals understand how trauma impacts our bodies, minds, and our relationships with others.
(714) 589-2193 View (714) 589-2193
Photo of Ria Paul, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Ria Paul
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hello, I'm Dr. Ria Paul, a licensed marriage and family therapist dedicated to fostering an environment of healing, growth, and being your best self. My passion lies in helping individuals and families navigate their challenges and helping them feel empowered to live this thing called life. I believe in creating a safe and supportive environment for my clients. My therapeutic approach is integrative, combining practices that focus on evidence-based, client-centered, strength-based, empathy, and culturally sensitive.
Hello, I'm Dr. Ria Paul, a licensed marriage and family therapist dedicated to fostering an environment of healing, growth, and being your best self. My passion lies in helping individuals and families navigate their challenges and helping them feel empowered to live this thing called life. I believe in creating a safe and supportive environment for my clients. My therapeutic approach is integrative, combining practices that focus on evidence-based, client-centered, strength-based, empathy, and culturally sensitive.
(747) 588-6628 View (747) 588-6628
Photo of Abbe Long, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Abbe Long
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hello and welcome! Thank you for taking the time to view my page. I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 20 years of experience helping individuals, couples and families navigate life's most challenging moments. My work is centered around creating a safe, compassionate space where you can feel understood and supported as you follow the path of your own unique healing journey. Throughout my career, I've specialized in helping people learn new tools and strategies to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression, find their way in the aftermath of loss and work through the lasting effects of past trauma.
Hello and welcome! Thank you for taking the time to view my page. I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 20 years of experience helping individuals, couples and families navigate life's most challenging moments. My work is centered around creating a safe, compassionate space where you can feel understood and supported as you follow the path of your own unique healing journey. Throughout my career, I've specialized in helping people learn new tools and strategies to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression, find their way in the aftermath of loss and work through the lasting effects of past trauma.
(619) 773-0585 View (619) 773-0585
Photo of Bobbie Jean Schorr-Way, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PsyD
Bobbie Jean Schorr-Way
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PsyD
3 Endorsed
Online Only
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT), I specialize in guiding couples, military personnel, combat veterans, and individuals through difficult life situations. I work with clients to address anxiety, depression, relational problems, self-esteem, trauma, PTSD, as well as grief and loss. Serving as both therapist and coach, my approach aims to instill hope and increase motivation in order to help clients achieve their goals. Let's navigate the complexities together, fostering healing, resilience, and personal growth. Your journey toward improved mental health and fulfilling relationships begins here.
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT), I specialize in guiding couples, military personnel, combat veterans, and individuals through difficult life situations. I work with clients to address anxiety, depression, relational problems, self-esteem, trauma, PTSD, as well as grief and loss. Serving as both therapist and coach, my approach aims to instill hope and increase motivation in order to help clients achieve their goals. Let's navigate the complexities together, fostering healing, resilience, and personal growth. Your journey toward improved mental health and fulfilling relationships begins here.
(619) 514-1453 View (619) 514-1453
Photo of Karen Vazquez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Karen Vazquez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Welcome, me llamo Karen! I am a bilingual, Spanish-speaking Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), honored to meet you and potentially work with you to identify and work toward your goals. I have over 6 years of clinical practice, primarily working with adults and families. I am proud of the work I have committed to and am passionate about providing empathic and unconditional support to individuals seeking therapy. Here to support you throughout your healing and self-discovery, working together to identify meaningful treatment goals and build practical coping tools that reflect your unique strengths and path.
Welcome, me llamo Karen! I am a bilingual, Spanish-speaking Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), honored to meet you and potentially work with you to identify and work toward your goals. I have over 6 years of clinical practice, primarily working with adults and families. I am proud of the work I have committed to and am passionate about providing empathic and unconditional support to individuals seeking therapy. Here to support you throughout your healing and self-discovery, working together to identify meaningful treatment goals and build practical coping tools that reflect your unique strengths and path.
(424) 622-9067 View (424) 622-9067
Photo of Janice Nichols, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Janice Nichols
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years in the field of mental health. I have extensive expertise in the broad areas of Psychological Health Program and Clinical Addiction Counseling. My multidisciplinary background spans Public Administration, Social Work, and Criminal Justice, which empowers me to provide comprehensive Program Management and Mental Health Services to a diverse range of individuals. My primary evidence-based therapy approach is CBT and DBT. With my holistic approach to mental health, every individual gets personalized attention and careful consideration.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years in the field of mental health. I have extensive expertise in the broad areas of Psychological Health Program and Clinical Addiction Counseling. My multidisciplinary background spans Public Administration, Social Work, and Criminal Justice, which empowers me to provide comprehensive Program Management and Mental Health Services to a diverse range of individuals. My primary evidence-based therapy approach is CBT and DBT. With my holistic approach to mental health, every individual gets personalized attention and careful consideration.
(747) 277-5150 View (747) 277-5150
Photo of James Staunton, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
James Staunton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
James Staunton, LMFT – Marriage and Family Therapist (Please note: Although the title includes “Marriage and Family,” MFTs are fully trained to work with individuals as well.) I specialize in working with adults who are ready to explore unresolved issues from childhood or early adulthood—patterns that may still be shaping your relationships, emotions, or self-perception. You may be feeling stuck or simply want to better understand yourself and your life on a deeper level.
James Staunton, LMFT – Marriage and Family Therapist (Please note: Although the title includes “Marriage and Family,” MFTs are fully trained to work with individuals as well.) I specialize in working with adults who are ready to explore unresolved issues from childhood or early adulthood—patterns that may still be shaping your relationships, emotions, or self-perception. You may be feeling stuck or simply want to better understand yourself and your life on a deeper level.
(619) 377-8319 View (619) 377-8319
Photo of Jessica Carrasco, Psychologist, PhD
Jessica Carrasco
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I work with individuals from diverse and marginalized communities, offering care that meets you where you are and centers your lived experience. My focus is on helping people navigate trauma, mental health challenges, and cognitive difficulties. With a background in neuropsychological assessment and therapy, I bring both professional expertise and a deep understanding of how systemic and individual stressors impact mental well-being. Whether you're just beginning to explore your mental health or have been navigating ongoing challenges for a while, I'm here to support you every step of the way.
I work with individuals from diverse and marginalized communities, offering care that meets you where you are and centers your lived experience. My focus is on helping people navigate trauma, mental health challenges, and cognitive difficulties. With a background in neuropsychological assessment and therapy, I bring both professional expertise and a deep understanding of how systemic and individual stressors impact mental well-being. Whether you're just beginning to explore your mental health or have been navigating ongoing challenges for a while, I'm here to support you every step of the way.
(619) 330-5402 View (619) 330-5402
Photo of Jessica Rosas, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Jessica Rosas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hi, I'm Jessie! I believe healing begins when we feel truly seen, supported, and curious about our own story. I work with individuals and couples from all walks of life, and I’m especially passionate about supporting LGBTQ+ and BIPOC communities. Every person brings wisdom from their life experiences, and I aim to create a safe space where that wisdom can guide your growth.
Hi, I'm Jessie! I believe healing begins when we feel truly seen, supported, and curious about our own story. I work with individuals and couples from all walks of life, and I’m especially passionate about supporting LGBTQ+ and BIPOC communities. Every person brings wisdom from their life experiences, and I aim to create a safe space where that wisdom can guide your growth.
(619) 914-6629 View (619) 914-6629

Online Therapists

Photo of Wayne Allen Bardwell, Psychologist, PhD, MBA, F-APOS
Wayne Allen Bardwell
Psychologist, PhD, MBA, F-APOS
2 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92101
I believe the basis of a successful psychotherapy experience is a warm, empathic and non-judgmental connection where clients feel understood, supported and accepted. My clinical work focuses on helping people with depression or anxiety issues, chronic or life-threatening illness, & chronic pain. In addition, I enjoy working with older adolescents and young adults who have been frustrated in trying to capitalize on their strengths & achieve their personal & professional goals. Our work may involve issues related to mood, behaviors, education/career, stage-of-life transitions, relationships, & sexuality or sexual orientation.
I believe the basis of a successful psychotherapy experience is a warm, empathic and non-judgmental connection where clients feel understood, supported and accepted. My clinical work focuses on helping people with depression or anxiety issues, chronic or life-threatening illness, & chronic pain. In addition, I enjoy working with older adolescents and young adults who have been frustrated in trying to capitalize on their strengths & achieve their personal & professional goals. Our work may involve issues related to mood, behaviors, education/career, stage-of-life transitions, relationships, & sexuality or sexual orientation.
(619) 817-8023 View (619) 817-8023
Photo of Dusti Romans, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Dusti Romans
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
San Diego, CA 92127
Dusti D. Romans is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California who has been practicing since 2013. She has a Masters in Social Work from USC. Change only happens during difficult times. Dusti wants to stand by you through these times while giving you the skills to be able to handle the challenges of life on your own. Dusti loves her pets and works with local shelters and rescues and fosters often.
Dusti D. Romans is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California who has been practicing since 2013. She has a Masters in Social Work from USC. Change only happens during difficult times. Dusti wants to stand by you through these times while giving you the skills to be able to handle the challenges of life on your own. Dusti loves her pets and works with local shelters and rescues and fosters often.
(858) 346-5673 View (858) 346-5673
Photo of Margaret N Sawires - Urban Psych, Psychologist
Urban Psych
Psychologist
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92101
We are a team of highly specialized, doctoral-level Psychotherapists. From the very beginning, our mission has been to offer quality, in-depth quality services, in a safe & comfortable setting. We pride ourselves on working hard to gain a deeper, more comprehensive understanding of the struggles our patients face, & work collaboratively with them to achieve the various goals they have for themselves.
We are a team of highly specialized, doctoral-level Psychotherapists. From the very beginning, our mission has been to offer quality, in-depth quality services, in a safe & comfortable setting. We pride ourselves on working hard to gain a deeper, more comprehensive understanding of the struggles our patients face, & work collaboratively with them to achieve the various goals they have for themselves.
(619) 800-6060 View (619) 800-6060
Photo of Dr. Manmeet Rattu, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Manmeet Rattu
Psychologist, PsyD
San Diego, CA 92108
In addition to her specialties in trauma and anxiety, Dr. Rattu has extensive experience in treating depression, eating disorders, and medical conditions requiring health psychology interventions. Her approach is patient-centered, focusing on the individual needs of each person she works with. Whether through individual therapy or group therapy sessions, Dr. Rattu empowers her clients to take control of their mental health and improve their overall well-being. She also offers specialized support for first responders, military veterans, and both men and women, understanding the unique challenges faced by these populations. Dr.
In addition to her specialties in trauma and anxiety, Dr. Rattu has extensive experience in treating depression, eating disorders, and medical conditions requiring health psychology interventions. Her approach is patient-centered, focusing on the individual needs of each person she works with. Whether through individual therapy or group therapy sessions, Dr. Rattu empowers her clients to take control of their mental health and improve their overall well-being. She also offers specialized support for first responders, military veterans, and both men and women, understanding the unique challenges faced by these populations. Dr.
(619) 901-2760 View (619) 901-2760
Photo of Amaya Tueller - Amaya Tueller ADHD and Autism Therapist , Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Amaya Tueller ADHD and Autism Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92102
Welcome to my page! I work primarily with neurodivergent (autism, ADHD, PDA) clients and mixed neurotype couples/polycules . As a queer, and late diagnosed neurodivergent therapist, I love helping others to understand themselves better and advocate for their needs. Receiving my own diagnosis in adulthood came with grief and I’d love opportunity to help you work through the complicated emotions inherent in this type of identity exploration. Working with my brain instead of against it as been incredibly healing and has drastically improved my mental health; I hope to help my clients achieve the same freedom.
Welcome to my page! I work primarily with neurodivergent (autism, ADHD, PDA) clients and mixed neurotype couples/polycules . As a queer, and late diagnosed neurodivergent therapist, I love helping others to understand themselves better and advocate for their needs. Receiving my own diagnosis in adulthood came with grief and I’d love opportunity to help you work through the complicated emotions inherent in this type of identity exploration. Working with my brain instead of against it as been incredibly healing and has drastically improved my mental health; I hope to help my clients achieve the same freedom.
(619) 404-5461 View (619) 404-5461
Photo of Susan Bell, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, AT
Susan Bell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, AT
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92128
I believe that each person is born unique and important to this earth. Behavior is adaptive and as such can be understood in the context of experience. I assist with helping others understand patterns of behavior that may contribute to one's unhappiness. I work with marital and relational difficulties to find ways of communicating and honoring differences. I teach about positive communication and assist with developing skills that lead to feeling heard and understood. I assist parents to successfully teach their children to accept and follow direction with the use of behavioral programs best suited to meet the individual need.
I believe that each person is born unique and important to this earth. Behavior is adaptive and as such can be understood in the context of experience. I assist with helping others understand patterns of behavior that may contribute to one's unhappiness. I work with marital and relational difficulties to find ways of communicating and honoring differences. I teach about positive communication and assist with developing skills that lead to feeling heard and understood. I assist parents to successfully teach their children to accept and follow direction with the use of behavioral programs best suited to meet the individual need.
(858) 375-4702 View (858) 375-4702
LifeStance Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
San Diego, CA 92115
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
(619) 597-1689 View (619) 597-1689
Photo of Megan A Pierce, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Megan A Pierce
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92130
Not feeling like yourself lately? Maybe you're anxious, overwhelmed, sad, stuck in perfectionism, or just not sure what’s going on—but you know something’s off. Whether you're navigating a big change, feeling lost, or watching your teen struggle, therapy can help. This is a place for healing and growth, and you don't have to do it alone. I support young adults and teens in navigating some of life's toughest moments and finding their way back to feeling like themselves again. I believe therapy should feel like a conversation: real, honest, supportive, and challenging in the best way. I will always have your back.
Not feeling like yourself lately? Maybe you're anxious, overwhelmed, sad, stuck in perfectionism, or just not sure what’s going on—but you know something’s off. Whether you're navigating a big change, feeling lost, or watching your teen struggle, therapy can help. This is a place for healing and growth, and you don't have to do it alone. I support young adults and teens in navigating some of life's toughest moments and finding their way back to feeling like themselves again. I believe therapy should feel like a conversation: real, honest, supportive, and challenging in the best way. I will always have your back.
(949) 997-3933 View (949) 997-3933
Photo of Virginia Waves Zarinebaf - Coastal Waves Counseling , Counselor, LPCC
Coastal Waves Counseling
Counselor, LPCC
San Diego, CA 92131
My approach to providing therapy is modeled through a strength-based approach, open communication and space for growth. I believe in connection, collaboration and goals for your therapy journey. I hope to create a comfortable pace with a sprinkle of humor. Growth is important as well as transparency, and I invite you to express your needs during this time to ensure your therapy goals are met with a sense of empowerment and hope. Therapy does not have to be hard.
My approach to providing therapy is modeled through a strength-based approach, open communication and space for growth. I believe in connection, collaboration and goals for your therapy journey. I hope to create a comfortable pace with a sprinkle of humor. Growth is important as well as transparency, and I invite you to express your needs during this time to ensure your therapy goals are met with a sense of empowerment and hope. Therapy does not have to be hard.
(858) 768-8127 View (858) 768-8127
Photo of Andrew Last - Oasis Counseling Group, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CSAT
Oasis Counseling Group
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CSAT
11 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108
Does your sexuality feel out of control? Are you struggling to control compulsive sexual behaviors? We can help. Oasis Counseling has five Certified Sexual Addiction Therapists (CSAT) who can help you break free of these painful behaviors. Additionally, we specialize in betrayal trauma, couples therapy, trauma therapy using EMDR, anxiety disorders and depression. We perform both and individual, family and group therapy. Our staff works with clients of all ages and are there to help you. Reach out today to our intake coordinator to find the which therapist is the right fit for you.
Does your sexuality feel out of control? Are you struggling to control compulsive sexual behaviors? We can help. Oasis Counseling has five Certified Sexual Addiction Therapists (CSAT) who can help you break free of these painful behaviors. Additionally, we specialize in betrayal trauma, couples therapy, trauma therapy using EMDR, anxiety disorders and depression. We perform both and individual, family and group therapy. Our staff works with clients of all ages and are there to help you. Reach out today to our intake coordinator to find the which therapist is the right fit for you.
(619) 346-4433 View (619) 346-4433

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Talmadge, San Diego, CA

10+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Talmadge, San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
90% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
60% Other
60% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Aetna
89% Other
78% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Talmadge, San Diego, CA see their clients

90% Online Only
10% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

90% Female
10% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Talmadge, San Diego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.