Therapists in Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA

Photo of Kim Lewis, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Kim Lewis
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA 92131
Today and in the world around us it’s easy to go numb to our own reality and just get by. But the reality is that for most of us we want our lives to be meaningful, to make a difference and to know that we matter. For us to achieve at least one of these things, we must first face ourselves, sit in that uncomfortable place and be willing to accept help.
Today and in the world around us it’s easy to go numb to our own reality and just get by. But the reality is that for most of us we want our lives to be meaningful, to make a difference and to know that we matter. For us to achieve at least one of these things, we must first face ourselves, sit in that uncomfortable place and be willing to accept help.
(619) 345-6935 View (619) 345-6935
Photo of Kristin av Green - Green Integrative Wellness Centers, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Green Integrative Wellness Centers
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA 92131
Green Integrative Wellness Centers focuses on a ways to support clients on an individual, couples and families basis with an individualized approach using the skills of each provider in a way that is trauma informed. We specialize in treatment of anxiety, depression and trauma. We are open to working with children, teens and adults. We offer virtual and in person appointments.
Green Integrative Wellness Centers focuses on a ways to support clients on an individual, couples and families basis with an individualized approach using the skills of each provider in a way that is trauma informed. We specialize in treatment of anxiety, depression and trauma. We are open to working with children, teens and adults. We offer virtual and in person appointments.
(858) 463-4290 View (858) 463-4290
Photo of Brad P Miller - Brad P. Miller, Psy.D., Psychologist, PsyD
Brad P. Miller, Psy.D.
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA 92131
Feeling overwhelmed because of life's increasing demands? Feeling like you have exhausted your resources and have run out of options to change your situation? I strongly believe that when we experience a supportive and encouraging environment coupled with practical, solution-focused guidance, we can discover new possibilities and find the strength to make change. I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in individual and family therapy for adolescents and adults. As a solution-focused psychologist I help clients develop the necessary tools to attain the personal growth they are committed to accomplishing.
Feeling overwhelmed because of life's increasing demands? Feeling like you have exhausted your resources and have run out of options to change your situation? I strongly believe that when we experience a supportive and encouraging environment coupled with practical, solution-focused guidance, we can discover new possibilities and find the strength to make change. I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in individual and family therapy for adolescents and adults. As a solution-focused psychologist I help clients develop the necessary tools to attain the personal growth they are committed to accomplishing.
(858) 437-9958 View (858) 437-9958
Photo of Garrett Rutz, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Garrett Rutz
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
2 Endorsed
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA 92131
To be honest, I really loathe writing these things but I will state this from the heart: my work and focus is to go above and beyond cookie-cutter therapy approaches that do not consider your uniqueness, the context in which you live and relate, and the personal struggles and triumphs you experience; I hope I can do better than what has become "normal" therapy. As a narrative therapist I invite my clients into the magic of the "everyday ordinary", recapturing the joy of living in the face of what you are up-against. My aim is to restore hope, dignity and agency in the lives of those who consult with me.
To be honest, I really loathe writing these things but I will state this from the heart: my work and focus is to go above and beyond cookie-cutter therapy approaches that do not consider your uniqueness, the context in which you live and relate, and the personal struggles and triumphs you experience; I hope I can do better than what has become "normal" therapy. As a narrative therapist I invite my clients into the magic of the "everyday ordinary", recapturing the joy of living in the face of what you are up-against. My aim is to restore hope, dignity and agency in the lives of those who consult with me.
(442) 223-0587 View (442) 223-0587
Photo of Esther Krohner, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Esther Krohner
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA 92131
Whether you're a couple navigating conflict or a teenager dealing with stress, relationships, or big decisions, my goal is to help you move forward with tools that work, no guesswork or generic advice. I work with couples to improve communication, reduce conflict, and rebuild trust. I also work with teens and their families to address issues like anxiety, depression, school challenges, identity development, and family tension. My approach is direct, supportive, and tailored to the specific needs of each client. I offer couples therapy, individual therapy for teens, and parent guidance. I can help with ADHD, mood issues & anxiety.
Whether you're a couple navigating conflict or a teenager dealing with stress, relationships, or big decisions, my goal is to help you move forward with tools that work, no guesswork or generic advice. I work with couples to improve communication, reduce conflict, and rebuild trust. I also work with teens and their families to address issues like anxiety, depression, school challenges, identity development, and family tension. My approach is direct, supportive, and tailored to the specific needs of each client. I offer couples therapy, individual therapy for teens, and parent guidance. I can help with ADHD, mood issues & anxiety.
(510) 851-9411 x248797 View (510) 851-9411 x248797
Photo of Annabelle Mebane - California Anxiety & Perinatal Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
California Anxiety & Perinatal Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Matrescence - the developmental phase associated with becoming a mother - involves profound emotional, physical, relational, and psychological changes. You are not only growing and then getting to know your new baby, but also getting to know a new version of yourself in the process. Taking care of yourself during this metamorphosis is important, but it can feel overwhelming trying manage this on top of anticipating and caring for a new baby. You were never meant to do this alone, and you deserve support navigating this complex experience.
Matrescence - the developmental phase associated with becoming a mother - involves profound emotional, physical, relational, and psychological changes. You are not only growing and then getting to know your new baby, but also getting to know a new version of yourself in the process. Taking care of yourself during this metamorphosis is important, but it can feel overwhelming trying manage this on top of anticipating and caring for a new baby. You were never meant to do this alone, and you deserve support navigating this complex experience.
(619) 393-3422 View (619) 393-3422
Photo of Ian Saward - Grow Through Life Counseling Scripps Ranch, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Grow Through Life Counseling Scripps Ranch
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA 92131
Hello and welcome! Grow Through Life Counseling is a group private practice welcoming both in person clients in Scripps Ranch, CA and via Telehealth in CA. We have immediate openings and are accepting new clients. Our Mission is to provide quality counseling for all ages throughout life. We provide culturally sensitive and inclusive care for all children, teens, adults, couples and families. We respect each family member's unique identities, perspectives and experiences in life. With effective and creative psychotherapeutic interventions, we support emotional growth and the development during various stages of life to be healthier.
Hello and welcome! Grow Through Life Counseling is a group private practice welcoming both in person clients in Scripps Ranch, CA and via Telehealth in CA. We have immediate openings and are accepting new clients. Our Mission is to provide quality counseling for all ages throughout life. We provide culturally sensitive and inclusive care for all children, teens, adults, couples and families. We respect each family member's unique identities, perspectives and experiences in life. With effective and creative psychotherapeutic interventions, we support emotional growth and the development during various stages of life to be healthier.
(858) 223-9048 View (858) 223-9048
Photo of Laura Michele Raju, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Laura Michele Raju
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA 92131
I have been working in the mental health field for 20 year and I specializes in the treatment of trauma, alcohol and other drug addictions, chronic pain, depression, and anxiety. I works with individuals, families, adolescents, adults, and children (ages 12 years and older); and all genders and sexualities. I specializes in working with adolescents and families struggling with trauma and addiction.
I have been working in the mental health field for 20 year and I specializes in the treatment of trauma, alcohol and other drug addictions, chronic pain, depression, and anxiety. I works with individuals, families, adolescents, adults, and children (ages 12 years and older); and all genders and sexualities. I specializes in working with adolescents and families struggling with trauma and addiction.
(858) 371-5529 View (858) 371-5529
Photo of Xennia Dorr, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Xennia Dorr
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
I specialize in working with clients struggling with anxiety, depression, ADHD, and trauma. I enjoy working with clients who are ready to work on their relationships with partners, family, and themselves. As a bicultural and bilingual therapist, I am aware of the stigma surrounding therapy, generational trauma, immigrant experience, and racial topics. My specialty stems from a person-centered approach, cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and humanistic approach. I am here to empower you to figure out what healing looks like for you.
I specialize in working with clients struggling with anxiety, depression, ADHD, and trauma. I enjoy working with clients who are ready to work on their relationships with partners, family, and themselves. As a bicultural and bilingual therapist, I am aware of the stigma surrounding therapy, generational trauma, immigrant experience, and racial topics. My specialty stems from a person-centered approach, cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and humanistic approach. I am here to empower you to figure out what healing looks like for you.
(619) 658-4814 View (619) 658-4814
Photo of Nancy C Romig, RN, DNSc, PMHCNS, BC
Nancy C Romig
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA 92131
I bring over 40 years of experience in working with individual clients and families through life crisis and transitions. Areas of specialty are: loss, bereavement, chronic/acute illness, pregnancy/childbirth, parenting, and relationships. Health care professionals and nurses are an area of specialty with the unique challenges they face resulting in compassion fatigue, burnout and moral distress. Finding ways to achieve life work balance and self-care are essential to their well being and the ability to continue in their work as a helping profession.
I bring over 40 years of experience in working with individual clients and families through life crisis and transitions. Areas of specialty are: loss, bereavement, chronic/acute illness, pregnancy/childbirth, parenting, and relationships. Health care professionals and nurses are an area of specialty with the unique challenges they face resulting in compassion fatigue, burnout and moral distress. Finding ways to achieve life work balance and self-care are essential to their well being and the ability to continue in their work as a helping profession.
(619) 780-2267 View (619) 780-2267
Photo of Dr. Donielle Cohen (Turner), Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PhD, MPhil, MS
Dr. Donielle Cohen (Turner)
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PhD, MPhil, MS
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA 92131
My passion is helping those I work with to improve their quality of life, increase coping/resiliency, and improve overall well-being.
My passion is helping those I work with to improve their quality of life, increase coping/resiliency, and improve overall well-being.
(858) 302-4175 View (858) 302-4175
Photo of Anne Goshen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Anne Goshen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA 92131
Helping couples reconnect, resolve conflicts, and rebuild trust. As a Certified Gottman Method Therapist, Emotionally Focused Couples Therapist, & Imago Relationship Therapist, I am able to provide my clients with treatment that is personalized for their specific needs, goals, and circumstances. Clients learn practical tools to break through conflicts, improve communication, increase understanding, and build a strong foundation for the future of their relationship. Call today to get started on creating greater respect, affection, and closeness in your relationship.
Helping couples reconnect, resolve conflicts, and rebuild trust. As a Certified Gottman Method Therapist, Emotionally Focused Couples Therapist, & Imago Relationship Therapist, I am able to provide my clients with treatment that is personalized for their specific needs, goals, and circumstances. Clients learn practical tools to break through conflicts, improve communication, increase understanding, and build a strong foundation for the future of their relationship. Call today to get started on creating greater respect, affection, and closeness in your relationship.
(858) 758-4404 View (858) 758-4404
Photo of Junko Yamaguchi Quest, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Junko Yamaguchi Quest
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA 92131
Konnichiwa! Thank you for stopping by and reading my bio! Free 15 min consultation is welcome and see how you feel for the future direction. I will be happy to assist you to plan something together or you can find another way to receive/seek an appropriate way for your journey! Hope to learn your wish to accomplish or even a direction you may be thinking about prefer to look, etc., You can set a short and a long term goal eventually and hopefully we can discuss more about tools you may already have, may need, or would like to have, go, pace, and so forth. Please take care!
Konnichiwa! Thank you for stopping by and reading my bio! Free 15 min consultation is welcome and see how you feel for the future direction. I will be happy to assist you to plan something together or you can find another way to receive/seek an appropriate way for your journey! Hope to learn your wish to accomplish or even a direction you may be thinking about prefer to look, etc., You can set a short and a long term goal eventually and hopefully we can discuss more about tools you may already have, may need, or would like to have, go, pace, and so forth. Please take care!
(858) 422-3517 View (858) 422-3517
Photo of Stephanie Hansen, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Stephanie Hansen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA 92131
Waitlist for new clients
Feeling pressure to keep it all together? On the outside, everything looks ok, but inside you’re struggling with your relationship with food, your body and yourself. Maybe you’re tired of yo-yo dieting, tearing yourself apart for every mistake, or worried about being “found out” at any second. At this point, maybe it’s hard to even remember a time you didn’t feel like this. But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to look in the mirror without panicking. You’re ready to find joy in life again. Most of all, you’re ready to find a way out of this painful cycle. You’re ready for a new "normal". I can help.
Feeling pressure to keep it all together? On the outside, everything looks ok, but inside you’re struggling with your relationship with food, your body and yourself. Maybe you’re tired of yo-yo dieting, tearing yourself apart for every mistake, or worried about being “found out” at any second. At this point, maybe it’s hard to even remember a time you didn’t feel like this. But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to look in the mirror without panicking. You’re ready to find joy in life again. Most of all, you’re ready to find a way out of this painful cycle. You’re ready for a new "normal". I can help.
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Photo of Erica Kardonsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BS, MSW, LCSW
Erica Kardonsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BS, MSW, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA 92131
Not accepting new clients
As a compassionate and empathic listener I provide a safe, non-judgmental environment in which your unique story can be told. I am a Board Certified Therapist with over 10 years experience treating individuals, adolescents, and couples. I specialize in treating Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, Self-Esteem, Disordered Eating, Body Image and Relationship Issues. My experience includes working with children, teens, and adults in both inpatient and outpatient settings. I am also advance trained in the Gottman Method for couples therapy.
As a compassionate and empathic listener I provide a safe, non-judgmental environment in which your unique story can be told. I am a Board Certified Therapist with over 10 years experience treating individuals, adolescents, and couples. I specialize in treating Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, Self-Esteem, Disordered Eating, Body Image and Relationship Issues. My experience includes working with children, teens, and adults in both inpatient and outpatient settings. I am also advance trained in the Gottman Method for couples therapy.
(858) 346-6423 View (858) 346-6423
Photo of Nina Lindajane Holmes, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, TRI, ESMHL
Nina Lindajane Holmes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, TRI, ESMHL
2 Endorsed
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA 92131
As a Certified Advanced Imago Relationship Therapist and Certified Imago Workshop Presenter and an Internal Family Systems Levels One and Two trained therapist I am here to help individuals and folks in relationships that are not working. I have 18 years of clinical experience assisting with relationships as well as with depression, anxiety, eating disorders, substance abuse, trauma, domestic violence, psychosis and sexual assault. I often work collaboratively with the entire family to promote positive change. I provide equine facilitated psychotherapy for individuals who make better progress working outdoors.
As a Certified Advanced Imago Relationship Therapist and Certified Imago Workshop Presenter and an Internal Family Systems Levels One and Two trained therapist I am here to help individuals and folks in relationships that are not working. I have 18 years of clinical experience assisting with relationships as well as with depression, anxiety, eating disorders, substance abuse, trauma, domestic violence, psychosis and sexual assault. I often work collaboratively with the entire family to promote positive change. I provide equine facilitated psychotherapy for individuals who make better progress working outdoors.
(408) 916-3092 View (408) 916-3092
Photo of Heather Johnson, Psychologist, PhD
Heather Johnson
Psychologist, PhD
4 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you stressed out? Are you tired of feeling sad, anxious, and overwhelmed with life? Have you lost your focus? Do you feel as if things will never get better? I will help you get your life back on track and start feeling better again. My approach to therapy is warm, non-judgmental, and genuine. I will work with you to help you achieve your goals and learn to manage life's struggles.
Are you stressed out? Are you tired of feeling sad, anxious, and overwhelmed with life? Have you lost your focus? Do you feel as if things will never get better? I will help you get your life back on track and start feeling better again. My approach to therapy is warm, non-judgmental, and genuine. I will work with you to help you achieve your goals and learn to manage life's struggles.
(858) 348-5988 View (858) 348-5988
Photo of Reut Landau, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Reut Landau
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA 92131
Hello and welcome! My name is Reut Landau and I am a licensed therapist with 10 years of experience helping individuals, couples, and families overcome life’s challenges. As a therapist I believe that everyone has the capacity for growth and change, and that therapy can provide the tools and support needed to achieve personal and interpersonal goals. I am committed to creating a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings, gain insight into patterns and behaviors, and develop strategies for moving forward.
Hello and welcome! My name is Reut Landau and I am a licensed therapist with 10 years of experience helping individuals, couples, and families overcome life’s challenges. As a therapist I believe that everyone has the capacity for growth and change, and that therapy can provide the tools and support needed to achieve personal and interpersonal goals. I am committed to creating a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings, gain insight into patterns and behaviors, and develop strategies for moving forward.
(858) 358-7377 View (858) 358-7377
Photo of Alexander Gilburd, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Alexander Gilburd
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
I believe in people’s innate ability to persevere and evolve through their struggles. Everyone has an innate potential to achieve their goals if given the proper nourishment and environment. As a therapist, I strive to provide that environment. I help patients find their path towards their own peace of mind. I foster a trusting and caring relationship with my patients, focusing on the unique and fascinating experiences that every individual brings to the table.
I believe in people’s innate ability to persevere and evolve through their struggles. Everyone has an innate potential to achieve their goals if given the proper nourishment and environment. As a therapist, I strive to provide that environment. I help patients find their path towards their own peace of mind. I foster a trusting and caring relationship with my patients, focusing on the unique and fascinating experiences that every individual brings to the table.
(858) 935-4859 View (858) 935-4859
Photo of Jaina Sarkisyan, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Jaina Sarkisyan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA 92131
Let me be part of your journey in this brutiful life. As Glennon Doyle Melton says “Life is brutal. But it is also beautiful. Life’s brutal and beautiful woven together so tightly they cannot be separated. Reject the brutal, reject the beauty. Life is brutiful." Therapy is a beautiful process that helps with compassionate inquiry. Jaina is an experienced licensed clinician with 18 years of experience providing exceptional clinical care to adults, individuals, adolescents, couples, college students and families. Jaina also has experience with working with military, law enforcement, college students, Domestic violence victims and more
Let me be part of your journey in this brutiful life. As Glennon Doyle Melton says “Life is brutal. But it is also beautiful. Life’s brutal and beautiful woven together so tightly they cannot be separated. Reject the brutal, reject the beauty. Life is brutiful." Therapy is a beautiful process that helps with compassionate inquiry. Jaina is an experienced licensed clinician with 18 years of experience providing exceptional clinical care to adults, individuals, adolescents, couples, college students and families. Jaina also has experience with working with military, law enforcement, college students, Domestic violence victims and more
(858) 227-6212 View (858) 227-6212

See more therapy options for Scripps Ranch, San Diego

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
66% Life Transitions
64% Grief
62% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
78% Cigna and Evernorth
52% Optum

How Therapists in Scripps Ranch, San Diego, CA see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Scripps Ranch, San Diego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.