Therapists in Miramar, San Diego, CA

Photo of Mylene Eduvala, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mylene Eduvala
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you tired of feeling anxious, overwhelmed, stressed, and even panicked? I can help you manage those emotions when life hands you difficult challenges. You may be struggling to focus on work, school, or even on the relationships you have with other people because of these feelings. I can help you gain back your control. Your thoughts make you question your abilities and may make you feel like an imposter in your own life. Let me show you how to step back into feeling like your authentic self. You're ready to manage your thoughts and feelings to start living the life that you deserve. I can support you with reaching this goal.
Are you tired of feeling anxious, overwhelmed, stressed, and even panicked? I can help you manage those emotions when life hands you difficult challenges. You may be struggling to focus on work, school, or even on the relationships you have with other people because of these feelings. I can help you gain back your control. Your thoughts make you question your abilities and may make you feel like an imposter in your own life. Let me show you how to step back into feeling like your authentic self. You're ready to manage your thoughts and feelings to start living the life that you deserve. I can support you with reaching this goal.
(858) 222-6123 View (858) 222-6123
Photo of Bryan Vasquez, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CATCIII
Bryan Vasquez
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CATCIII
Serves Area
Struggling with addiction & feel rehab isn’t an option? Want to adjust your relationship with a substance instead of being told you must quit? Leaving your family, job, school or responsibilities for an extended period of time is not always needed to get yourself healthy & on track. If you or a loved one are struggling with addiction, I know the challenges of this lifestyle. Being caught in the cycle of addiction is hard...feelings of anxiety, guilt, & shame. You may have tried cutting back or stopping on your own, only to find yourself engaging in the same unhelpful pattern. I specialize in moderation & abstinence based approaches.
Struggling with addiction & feel rehab isn’t an option? Want to adjust your relationship with a substance instead of being told you must quit? Leaving your family, job, school or responsibilities for an extended period of time is not always needed to get yourself healthy & on track. If you or a loved one are struggling with addiction, I know the challenges of this lifestyle. Being caught in the cycle of addiction is hard...feelings of anxiety, guilt, & shame. You may have tried cutting back or stopping on your own, only to find yourself engaging in the same unhelpful pattern. I specialize in moderation & abstinence based approaches.
(657) 300-9840 View (657) 300-9840
Photo of Stephanie Dunnick, Psychologist, PsyD
Stephanie Dunnick
Psychologist, PsyD
Serves Area
Great to meet you! Healing begins now. Compassionate, evidence-based therapy for individuals navigating trauma and stress. Life doesn’t come with a manual—but it does come with pressure, loss, and moments that leave us unsteady. If you’ve experienced trauma or find yourself overwhelmed by stress, you’re not alone—and you don’t have to navigate it alone. I'm a licensed psychologist with a deep commitment to helping individuals heal from the lasting effects of trauma, anxiety, and chronic stress. I work from a place of empathy and clinical expertise, blending therapeutic approaches that are tailored to each person’s needs.
Great to meet you! Healing begins now. Compassionate, evidence-based therapy for individuals navigating trauma and stress. Life doesn’t come with a manual—but it does come with pressure, loss, and moments that leave us unsteady. If you’ve experienced trauma or find yourself overwhelmed by stress, you’re not alone—and you don’t have to navigate it alone. I'm a licensed psychologist with a deep commitment to helping individuals heal from the lasting effects of trauma, anxiety, and chronic stress. I work from a place of empathy and clinical expertise, blending therapeutic approaches that are tailored to each person’s needs.
(858) 879-8138 View (858) 879-8138
Photo of Dr. Laura Castro, Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Dr. Laura Castro
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
LGBTQIA+ Affirmative Therapy for adolescents, adults, and their loved ones. Are you struggling with identity- or relationship-related problems? Do you feel stuck or long to overcome trauma, anxiety, & depression? Whether it's dealing with patterns of unhealthy or unsatisfying relationships, societal injustices (transphobia, homophobia, racism, discrimination, and more), or the effects of violence, trauma, or familial rejection, your feelings are valid, and you're not alone. Together, we can work towards healing and building the life you desire in an affirming and supportive environment.
LGBTQIA+ Affirmative Therapy for adolescents, adults, and their loved ones. Are you struggling with identity- or relationship-related problems? Do you feel stuck or long to overcome trauma, anxiety, & depression? Whether it's dealing with patterns of unhealthy or unsatisfying relationships, societal injustices (transphobia, homophobia, racism, discrimination, and more), or the effects of violence, trauma, or familial rejection, your feelings are valid, and you're not alone. Together, we can work towards healing and building the life you desire in an affirming and supportive environment.
(858) 251-6371 View (858) 251-6371
Photo of Dr. Rodger S. Questin, Psychologist, PhD, MBA
Dr. Rodger S. Questin
Psychologist, PhD, MBA
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Accepting the responsibility to change isn’t easy, but it becomes deeply rewarding once you take the first step. Together, we’ll navigate obstacles and reshape your future with clarity and purpose. By exploring what is and isn’t working, we’ll co-create practical strategies tailored to your unique needs and challenges. Our work will help you break through stagnation, fostering a meaningful relationship with yourself and others. You’ll build self-awareness and resilience—empowering you to manifest new possibilities. Through this collaborative process, you’ll create shifts that turn obstacles into opportunities for growth and healing.
Accepting the responsibility to change isn’t easy, but it becomes deeply rewarding once you take the first step. Together, we’ll navigate obstacles and reshape your future with clarity and purpose. By exploring what is and isn’t working, we’ll co-create practical strategies tailored to your unique needs and challenges. Our work will help you break through stagnation, fostering a meaningful relationship with yourself and others. You’ll build self-awareness and resilience—empowering you to manifest new possibilities. Through this collaborative process, you’ll create shifts that turn obstacles into opportunities for growth and healing.
(858) 304-2932 View (858) 304-2932
Photo of Dr. Carlos Alarid, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Carlos Alarid
Psychologist, PsyD
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I work with individuals who have experienced traumatic events which they may need help overcoming. During my postdoctoral fellowship, I treated active military diagnosed with PTSD, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse by conducting both individual and group therapy. Working with active military, I learned how to gain the individual's trust and confidence to let me into their lives, providing a nonjudgmental space to process life's events. My research has concentrated on men's issues. My doctoral dissertation focused on professional boxers and how they adjusted to retirement once the fame and fortune was gone.
I work with individuals who have experienced traumatic events which they may need help overcoming. During my postdoctoral fellowship, I treated active military diagnosed with PTSD, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse by conducting both individual and group therapy. Working with active military, I learned how to gain the individual's trust and confidence to let me into their lives, providing a nonjudgmental space to process life's events. My research has concentrated on men's issues. My doctoral dissertation focused on professional boxers and how they adjusted to retirement once the fame and fortune was gone.
(323) 615-2780 View (323) 615-2780
Photo of Cara Silva - Silva Family Therapy, Inc, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC, APCC, AMFT
Silva Family Therapy, Inc
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC, APCC, AMFT
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
SFTi is all about helping others find their potential. Uncertainty might not have ever felt so strong but these last few years has created so much self doubt, instability, mistrust, and chaos. Sadly, for many this is what their whole life has felt like. When dealing with trauma, addiction, Identity, or abuse this is your life. Who can I trust? Where will I go? What can I do? SFTi staffs experienced trauma informed therapists specializing in EMDR, Addiction, LGBTQIA, Body Positive, Domestic Violence, and PTSD.
SFTi is all about helping others find their potential. Uncertainty might not have ever felt so strong but these last few years has created so much self doubt, instability, mistrust, and chaos. Sadly, for many this is what their whole life has felt like. When dealing with trauma, addiction, Identity, or abuse this is your life. Who can I trust? Where will I go? What can I do? SFTi staffs experienced trauma informed therapists specializing in EMDR, Addiction, LGBTQIA, Body Positive, Domestic Violence, and PTSD.
(619) 648-4656 View (619) 648-4656
Photo of Alex Santana, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Alex Santana
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
A mentor once told me, "We can't negotiate the terms of our own surrender," and that has framed my approach toward acceptance and healing as we live life on life's terms. Sometimes we need to take a step back to reflect on a new way to approach situations when "our way" seems to be getting in our way. I invite you to bring awareness to what brought you to this page and if the above message resonates, let's chat.
A mentor once told me, "We can't negotiate the terms of our own surrender," and that has framed my approach toward acceptance and healing as we live life on life's terms. Sometimes we need to take a step back to reflect on a new way to approach situations when "our way" seems to be getting in our way. I invite you to bring awareness to what brought you to this page and if the above message resonates, let's chat.
(619) 759-5847 View (619) 759-5847
Photo of Yvonne E. Munoz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Yvonne E. Munoz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
At some point we’ve all felt overwhelmed, confused or worried about a relationship, life decision or major choice we’ve had to make. Other times we experience sadness because what we wanted did not work out. Sometimes unfortunate things happen to us and no matter what we do, we can’t forget. We feel powerless, out of control and we can’t move on. What we all have in common is that we want to feel fully alive and connected to our loved ones and free of worry, sadness, anger and disappointment. We want to let go of the past and fully live in the present with hope and optimism for the future.
At some point we’ve all felt overwhelmed, confused or worried about a relationship, life decision or major choice we’ve had to make. Other times we experience sadness because what we wanted did not work out. Sometimes unfortunate things happen to us and no matter what we do, we can’t forget. We feel powerless, out of control and we can’t move on. What we all have in common is that we want to feel fully alive and connected to our loved ones and free of worry, sadness, anger and disappointment. We want to let go of the past and fully live in the present with hope and optimism for the future.
(619) 937-2254 View (619) 937-2254
Photo of Theresa Blain, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ACSW
Theresa Blain
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ACSW
Online Only
My career journey spans diverse fields, culminating in my passion for helping individuals explore their life's passions. With a background in education and a transition into medical social work and therapy, I bring a wealth of experience to the table. Whether it's work, health, relationships, or community resources, I'm here to advocate and guide you through life's challenges.
My career journey spans diverse fields, culminating in my passion for helping individuals explore their life's passions. With a background in education and a transition into medical social work and therapy, I bring a wealth of experience to the table. Whether it's work, health, relationships, or community resources, I'm here to advocate and guide you through life's challenges.
(310) 362-5403 View (310) 362-5403
Photo of Lydia - Jamie Shorthill, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CCTP, MA
Lydia - Jamie Shorthill
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CCTP, MA
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 20 years of experience helping clients throughout California using innovative evidence bases cutting edge intervention to help each client transform from the impact of trauma, anxiety, mood difficulties, stress and grief in a safe and caring environment. Each plan is tailored to the client and their specific needs and wants to help find relief from symptoms and feel more confident. I solely use Telehealth and/or Video Therapy for the therapy process process.
I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 20 years of experience helping clients throughout California using innovative evidence bases cutting edge intervention to help each client transform from the impact of trauma, anxiety, mood difficulties, stress and grief in a safe and caring environment. Each plan is tailored to the client and their specific needs and wants to help find relief from symptoms and feel more confident. I solely use Telehealth and/or Video Therapy for the therapy process process.
(858) 914-2841 View (858) 914-2841
Photo of Zaheen Allibhoy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Zaheen Allibhoy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I enjoy working with adults in an individual setting. I like helping with transitional issues, stress management, and depression. With these myriad of needs, my goal is to explore what you hope to get out of treatment so we can get you there and remind you how much progress you have made on your difficult days.
I enjoy working with adults in an individual setting. I like helping with transitional issues, stress management, and depression. With these myriad of needs, my goal is to explore what you hope to get out of treatment so we can get you there and remind you how much progress you have made on your difficult days.
(747) 298-7940 View (747) 298-7940
Photo of Truvette M Hollinquest, Counselor, MA, LPCC
Truvette M Hollinquest
Counselor, MA, LPCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I think that asking for support is pretty courageous and maybe even a little scary. Trusting that someone can be objective and supportive is hard for anyone, but this can be especially hard when something about your life experiences has made it difficult to trust (even) yourself. Maybe you struggle with making decisions. Maybe past or present trauma has left you feeling depressed or anxious or both. Or maybe you don’t know why you feel the way you feel or what causes you to do the things you do. I understand, from a very deep and personal way, what it’s like to feel like you are not the best version of yourself.
I think that asking for support is pretty courageous and maybe even a little scary. Trusting that someone can be objective and supportive is hard for anyone, but this can be especially hard when something about your life experiences has made it difficult to trust (even) yourself. Maybe you struggle with making decisions. Maybe past or present trauma has left you feeling depressed or anxious or both. Or maybe you don’t know why you feel the way you feel or what causes you to do the things you do. I understand, from a very deep and personal way, what it’s like to feel like you are not the best version of yourself.
(559) 234-3053 View (559) 234-3053
Photo of Shawna Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Shawna Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Life has a way of presenting us with unexpected grief, loss, & pain—alongside a wide range of emotions that can leave us feeling alone, overwhelmed, lost, or even scared. I offer a supportive, non-judgmental space to help you process emotions, restore hope, & develop effective coping strategies as you navigate life’s difficult transitions. I view therapy as a collaborative journey. Together, we’ll set meaningful goals tailored to your needs, work through challenges, & tap into your own inner strength. My aim is to support you in reaching your full potential & finding clarity & resilience, even during life’s most uncertain moments.
Life has a way of presenting us with unexpected grief, loss, & pain—alongside a wide range of emotions that can leave us feeling alone, overwhelmed, lost, or even scared. I offer a supportive, non-judgmental space to help you process emotions, restore hope, & develop effective coping strategies as you navigate life’s difficult transitions. I view therapy as a collaborative journey. Together, we’ll set meaningful goals tailored to your needs, work through challenges, & tap into your own inner strength. My aim is to support you in reaching your full potential & finding clarity & resilience, even during life’s most uncertain moments.
(909) 748-1689 View (909) 748-1689
Photo of Raymond Peng, Psychologist, PsyD
Raymond Peng
Psychologist, PsyD
7 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello and welcome to my page. I am a bilingual and bicultural psychologist with over 15 years of clinical experience. I provide individual and couples therapy to adults and teens. Whether you are feeling stuck or overwhelmed, one of the key factors to predict positive change is the quality of relationship with your therapist. That is my focus.
Hello and welcome to my page. I am a bilingual and bicultural psychologist with over 15 years of clinical experience. I provide individual and couples therapy to adults and teens. Whether you are feeling stuck or overwhelmed, one of the key factors to predict positive change is the quality of relationship with your therapist. That is my focus.
(858) 413-9164 View (858) 413-9164
Photo of Sharon M. Kim, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Sharon M. Kim
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Sometimes we feel stuck and need understanding into our own feelings, thoughts and behaviors. We may wonder if there is a way to face difficulties in our lives that allow for change and growth. We are all conditioned through our familial, cultural and societal systems. By examining the intersections of our identities, we can look closer at how early experiences have shaped us. Through self-reflection, we may be able to begin to unlock patterns and increase our awareness around areas where we struggle.
Sometimes we feel stuck and need understanding into our own feelings, thoughts and behaviors. We may wonder if there is a way to face difficulties in our lives that allow for change and growth. We are all conditioned through our familial, cultural and societal systems. By examining the intersections of our identities, we can look closer at how early experiences have shaped us. Through self-reflection, we may be able to begin to unlock patterns and increase our awareness around areas where we struggle.
(415) 360-8430 View (415) 360-8430
Photo of Michelle Cauley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Michelle Cauley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Taking that first step to contact a therapist can feel overwhelming and anxiety-inducing. If you are grappling with stress, burnout, or mental exhaustion, you may feel as if you’ve hit a dead end or you can’t see beyond your current struggles. You know that saying, "you can’t see the forest for the trees"? This is the case when you live in your own thoughts. It becomes hard to gain perspective. Discovering, learning and applying practical tools to help you manage your stress and make positive changes in your life is possible.
Taking that first step to contact a therapist can feel overwhelming and anxiety-inducing. If you are grappling with stress, burnout, or mental exhaustion, you may feel as if you’ve hit a dead end or you can’t see beyond your current struggles. You know that saying, "you can’t see the forest for the trees"? This is the case when you live in your own thoughts. It becomes hard to gain perspective. Discovering, learning and applying practical tools to help you manage your stress and make positive changes in your life is possible.
(323) 570-5986 View (323) 570-5986
Photo of Joanne C Barbieri, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LMHC
Joanne C Barbieri
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Have you ever felt as though the situations in your life have gotten too big to handle? Could you use a helping hand and listening ear to move you towards greater life satisfaction? I am keenly interested in helping you craft more of the life you desire. I work with adults 21 plus (individuals only at this time) to bring you closer to the goals you may be seeking. Some of the many issues that clients bring to me are depression, anxiety, job and personal stress, relational and family situations, spirituality, and trauma. I have over 25 years experience helping adults with their problems.
Have you ever felt as though the situations in your life have gotten too big to handle? Could you use a helping hand and listening ear to move you towards greater life satisfaction? I am keenly interested in helping you craft more of the life you desire. I work with adults 21 plus (individuals only at this time) to bring you closer to the goals you may be seeking. Some of the many issues that clients bring to me are depression, anxiety, job and personal stress, relational and family situations, spirituality, and trauma. I have over 25 years experience helping adults with their problems.
(760) 374-3603 View (760) 374-3603
Photo of Janelle Buchheit, Counselor, MEd, NCC, CPC
Janelle Buchheit
Counselor, MEd, NCC, CPC
Online Only
We connect to our clients on a deeper level using a unique blend of coaching, soul guidance, and energy healing techniques. Our work is to help you remember who you really are and guide you as you share yourself more fully with the world. Those interested in spirituality, self-awareness, evolution of consciousness and exploring within will likely enjoy and benefit most from our approaches. We specialize in working with empaths, highly sensitive persons and helpers.
We connect to our clients on a deeper level using a unique blend of coaching, soul guidance, and energy healing techniques. Our work is to help you remember who you really are and guide you as you share yourself more fully with the world. Those interested in spirituality, self-awareness, evolution of consciousness and exploring within will likely enjoy and benefit most from our approaches. We specialize in working with empaths, highly sensitive persons and helpers.
Photo of Lauren Kathleen Rogers, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Lauren Kathleen Rogers
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
Life can present many challenges. Most of the time, we can successfully handle the trials and tribulations of daily living; occasionally we get overwhelmed. To help cope and feel better, we consult a professional who sorts and sheds light on the elements that caused these challenges. In the process, we will talk about how you feel and understand why you feel the way you do. Most importantly, we learn to successfully handle the initiating emotional triggers in a way that helps you. In the therapy room I am a therapist that believes that you are the expert in your life and I will facilitate your work in order to reach your goals.
Life can present many challenges. Most of the time, we can successfully handle the trials and tribulations of daily living; occasionally we get overwhelmed. To help cope and feel better, we consult a professional who sorts and sheds light on the elements that caused these challenges. In the process, we will talk about how you feel and understand why you feel the way you do. Most importantly, we learn to successfully handle the initiating emotional triggers in a way that helps you. In the therapy room I am a therapist that believes that you are the expert in your life and I will facilitate your work in order to reach your goals.
(818) 862-8835 View (818) 862-8835

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Miramar, San Diego, CA

20+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Miramar, San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Self Esteem
90% Stress
86% Depression
81% Coping Skills
76% Life Transitions
71% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% Aetna
69% Cigna and Evernorth
63% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Miramar, San Diego, CA see their clients

57% Online Only
43% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

76% Female
24% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Miramar, San Diego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.