Therapists in Loma Portal, San Diego, CA

Photo of Jenny Palmiotto, Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Jenny Palmiotto
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Loma Portal, San Diego, CA 92110
What is important in your life? You and those you love are the start and end of this list. When we struggle internally and within our relationships, every part of our life is affected. Our work together gets to the real stuff, where you get to live and love by your values. Together, your concerns and heartaches lessen and you are able to show up as the best version of yourself. It's not to big of an ask to want to live a fulfilling and meaningful life. We can get you there.
What is important in your life? You and those you love are the start and end of this list. When we struggle internally and within our relationships, every part of our life is affected. Our work together gets to the real stuff, where you get to live and love by your values. Together, your concerns and heartaches lessen and you are able to show up as the best version of yourself. It's not to big of an ask to want to live a fulfilling and meaningful life. We can get you there.
(619) 848-1636 View (619) 848-1636
Photo of Lisa Talerico, Psychologist, PsyD
Lisa Talerico
Psychologist, PsyD
Loma Portal, San Diego, CA 92107
I am a clinical psychologist who provides psychotherapy in a safe, nonjudgmental, and respectful where my clients are able to work through their difficult issues. My goal is to promote positive and lasting changes for my clients by helping them to develop insight and providing them with real tools and coping skills. I strive to help my clients to feel good about themselves, their relationships, and their place in this world. I conduct secure online video sessions, or telehealth psychotherapy services. Telehealth psychotherapy allows my clients to participate in therapy in the comfort and convenience of their own home.
I am a clinical psychologist who provides psychotherapy in a safe, nonjudgmental, and respectful where my clients are able to work through their difficult issues. My goal is to promote positive and lasting changes for my clients by helping them to develop insight and providing them with real tools and coping skills. I strive to help my clients to feel good about themselves, their relationships, and their place in this world. I conduct secure online video sessions, or telehealth psychotherapy services. Telehealth psychotherapy allows my clients to participate in therapy in the comfort and convenience of their own home.
(619) 439-0652 View (619) 439-0652
Photo of Julia Mendoza, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Julia Mendoza
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Loma Portal, San Diego, CA 92110
Hello I'm Julia Mendoza, a therapist providing therapy throughout the state of California. I have experience working with children and adults, in the areas of depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, LGBT+ issues, OCD, personality disorders, family problems, relationship and partner conflict, and traumas. I truly enjoy helping others and I have been told that I am funny, genuine, open-minded, and a good listener. Se habla Español!
Hello I'm Julia Mendoza, a therapist providing therapy throughout the state of California. I have experience working with children and adults, in the areas of depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, LGBT+ issues, OCD, personality disorders, family problems, relationship and partner conflict, and traumas. I truly enjoy helping others and I have been told that I am funny, genuine, open-minded, and a good listener. Se habla Español!
(951) 438-7873 View (951) 438-7873
Photo of Marisa Pappas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Marisa Pappas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Loma Portal, San Diego, CA 92107
Welcome Friends! I'm Marisa, a trauma therapist & non-pathologizing clinician. I use body-based skills, parts work and a compassionate approach to help adults dealing with emotional suppression. Did you grow up in a home where you experienced emotional neglect? Have you found yourself locked in states of rumination, agitation, & anxiety? Do you feel trapped in a part of your life that you can't think your way out of? I understand the need for safety, belonging & "relief", and how our mind clings to control and certainty. Allow me to help you connect to your body, build capacity, return to authenticity & find sustainable peace.
Welcome Friends! I'm Marisa, a trauma therapist & non-pathologizing clinician. I use body-based skills, parts work and a compassionate approach to help adults dealing with emotional suppression. Did you grow up in a home where you experienced emotional neglect? Have you found yourself locked in states of rumination, agitation, & anxiety? Do you feel trapped in a part of your life that you can't think your way out of? I understand the need for safety, belonging & "relief", and how our mind clings to control and certainty. Allow me to help you connect to your body, build capacity, return to authenticity & find sustainable peace.
(619) 330-2723 View (619) 330-2723
Photo of Edon Berkenstadt, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Edon Berkenstadt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Loma Portal, San Diego, CA 92106
We all have the capacity to grow, learn, and make positive changes no matter what life throws our way. Psychotherapy is a way of understanding personal conflicts and creating meaning through self-discovery. It is one of the first steps towards achieving change. My style of treatment aims at exploring and understanding ways of thinking, behaving and relating to others that are outside of the one's personal awareness. This lack of awareness can often result in repetitive patterns of behavior that leads to dissatisfaction and emotional anguish in a person's life.
We all have the capacity to grow, learn, and make positive changes no matter what life throws our way. Psychotherapy is a way of understanding personal conflicts and creating meaning through self-discovery. It is one of the first steps towards achieving change. My style of treatment aims at exploring and understanding ways of thinking, behaving and relating to others that are outside of the one's personal awareness. This lack of awareness can often result in repetitive patterns of behavior that leads to dissatisfaction and emotional anguish in a person's life.
(619) 831-6289 View (619) 831-6289
Photo of Hannah Henigman, Associate Marriage & Family Therapist, AMFT
Hannah Henigman
Associate Marriage & Family Therapist, AMFT
Loma Portal, San Diego, CA 92110
Good day to all. My name is Hannah, and I am a Registered Associate Marriage and Family Therapist at the Family Therapy and Guidance Center located in San Diego, CA. I have experience and a passion for helping people from all different walks of life. For family members seeking to reconnect, I help work to build stronger patterns of connection and communication with each other helping to motivate second order change.
Good day to all. My name is Hannah, and I am a Registered Associate Marriage and Family Therapist at the Family Therapy and Guidance Center located in San Diego, CA. I have experience and a passion for helping people from all different walks of life. For family members seeking to reconnect, I help work to build stronger patterns of connection and communication with each other helping to motivate second order change.
(858) 331-9160 View (858) 331-9160
Photo of Janel Cullen, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Janel Cullen
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
2 Endorsed
Loma Portal, San Diego, CA 92110
Therapy, at its core, is a journey of shared humanity. You are not a diagnosis, but a human being, with really good reasons for how you got to this point in life. Honoring the ways you have survived your pain cultivates your self acceptance which is essential to my approach to transformative therapy. Whether you find yourself caught in negative relationship patterns, repetitive self criticism or trapped cycles of procrastination and overwhelm, together we can work to uncover the roots of your struggles and transform these negative patterns.
Therapy, at its core, is a journey of shared humanity. You are not a diagnosis, but a human being, with really good reasons for how you got to this point in life. Honoring the ways you have survived your pain cultivates your self acceptance which is essential to my approach to transformative therapy. Whether you find yourself caught in negative relationship patterns, repetitive self criticism or trapped cycles of procrastination and overwhelm, together we can work to uncover the roots of your struggles and transform these negative patterns.
(619) 361-8027 x713392 View (619) 361-8027 x713392
Photo of Jihan Ross, LPC Intern
Jihan Ross
LPC Intern
4 Endorsed
Loma Portal, San Diego, CA 92110
In what ways have you been nurturing and caring for yourself? If you find that you are unsure or struggling to prioritize self, or perhaps relying on others for support, it may be a sign that you could benefit from exploring new ways to nurture your own well-being. Stand up! Showing up for yourself, shows you are committing to your own growth and development. Showing up for yourself is an investment in your own happiness and success. Showing up for yourself means honoring your boundaries, setting healthy habits, and practicing self-care. Own those life’s challenges and setbacks. Take back your greatness.
In what ways have you been nurturing and caring for yourself? If you find that you are unsure or struggling to prioritize self, or perhaps relying on others for support, it may be a sign that you could benefit from exploring new ways to nurture your own well-being. Stand up! Showing up for yourself, shows you are committing to your own growth and development. Showing up for yourself is an investment in your own happiness and success. Showing up for yourself means honoring your boundaries, setting healthy habits, and practicing self-care. Own those life’s challenges and setbacks. Take back your greatness.
(858) 477-3326 x1 View (858) 477-3326 x1
Photo of William Dietrich, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, AMFT, APCC
William Dietrich
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, AMFT, APCC
4 Endorsed
Loma Portal, San Diego, CA 92107
You are more than just a diagnosis, you're a human being who deserves to feel confident and actualized. I want my clients to look forward to coming into therapy, and enjoy our time together with a mix humor and healing. You may feel like the past is always just under the surface—anxious, on guard, or disconnected even when life seems fine on the outside. My clients often carry trauma they’ve never been able to fully talk about or move past. They want relief from the tension in their minds and bodies, to understand why they feel this way, and to feel whole again—calm, confident, and safe in their own skin.
You are more than just a diagnosis, you're a human being who deserves to feel confident and actualized. I want my clients to look forward to coming into therapy, and enjoy our time together with a mix humor and healing. You may feel like the past is always just under the surface—anxious, on guard, or disconnected even when life seems fine on the outside. My clients often carry trauma they’ve never been able to fully talk about or move past. They want relief from the tension in their minds and bodies, to understand why they feel this way, and to feel whole again—calm, confident, and safe in their own skin.
(619) 614-8104 View (619) 614-8104
Photo of Saira Jhutty, Psychologist, Bsc, MSc, PhD
Saira Jhutty
Psychologist, Bsc, MSc, PhD
Loma Portal, San Diego, CA 92107
I work with individuals navigating fertility challenges, pregnancy after loss, and the postpartum period. Many are high-functioning on the outside but quietly stuck in anxiety, "what if" thinking, and self-doubt. They're doing their best — and still struggling. If you feel like you should be handling this better, you're not alone. This is genuinely hard. Together we create space to understand your mind, quiet the spiral, and move through this season with more clarity and self-trust.
I work with individuals navigating fertility challenges, pregnancy after loss, and the postpartum period. Many are high-functioning on the outside but quietly stuck in anxiety, "what if" thinking, and self-doubt. They're doing their best — and still struggling. If you feel like you should be handling this better, you're not alone. This is genuinely hard. Together we create space to understand your mind, quiet the spiral, and move through this season with more clarity and self-trust.
(619) 759-6536 View (619) 759-6536
Photo of Nassim Takahashi - The Behavior Brain, BCBA, MS
The Behavior Brain
Verified Verified
Loma Portal, San Diego, CA 92107
Hi there! I’m Nassim and I proudly wear the badge of an ABA nerd. I’m a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) with over 10 years of experience working with clients aged 1.5 to 25 years old, primarily diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, and Anxiety. Whether your goals are to decrease challenging behaviors (e.g., tantrums, elopement, aggression, self-injurious behaviors, PICA, etc.) or build new prosocial behaviors such as effective communication skills, coping skills, and/or daily living skills, I'll work with you to make the changes you desire.
Hi there! I’m Nassim and I proudly wear the badge of an ABA nerd. I’m a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) with over 10 years of experience working with clients aged 1.5 to 25 years old, primarily diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, and Anxiety. Whether your goals are to decrease challenging behaviors (e.g., tantrums, elopement, aggression, self-injurious behaviors, PICA, etc.) or build new prosocial behaviors such as effective communication skills, coping skills, and/or daily living skills, I'll work with you to make the changes you desire.
(619) 776-3207 View (619) 776-3207
Photo of Farah Giovannelli, Psychologist, PsyD
Farah Giovannelli
Psychologist, PsyD
3 Endorsed
Loma Portal, San Diego, CA 92110
Dr. Farah Giovannelli is a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in working with adults experiencing a range of concerns, including depression and anxiety, trauma, low self-esteem/self-confidence, relationship and dating concerns, family of origin issues, disordered eating and body image, experiences with cultural and gender identity, as well as general dissatisfaction with life. Dr. Gio offers an empathic and compassionate space in which she strives to empower all of her clients to thrive and embrace their authentic selves.
Dr. Farah Giovannelli is a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in working with adults experiencing a range of concerns, including depression and anxiety, trauma, low self-esteem/self-confidence, relationship and dating concerns, family of origin issues, disordered eating and body image, experiences with cultural and gender identity, as well as general dissatisfaction with life. Dr. Gio offers an empathic and compassionate space in which she strives to empower all of her clients to thrive and embrace their authentic selves.
(619) 597-2353 View (619) 597-2353
Photo of Sandra Shamma, AMFT
Sandra Shamma
Verified Verified
Loma Portal, San Diego, CA 92110
Not everyone feels safe in the world. For some, stepping outside their front door is like venturing into a battlefield. Their home is their sanctuary and their prison. For others, intrusive thoughts invade their mind in an unending loop of fear and doubt. Then, there are those constantly haunted by their past. You’re here because you understand what it feels like to be unsafe, anxious, and afraid. You feel restrained as the people and pieces of your life fall away. Hiding away, you’ve missed so many opportunities. The constant internal dialogue—Why can’t I just be normal?—is suffocating.
Not everyone feels safe in the world. For some, stepping outside their front door is like venturing into a battlefield. Their home is their sanctuary and their prison. For others, intrusive thoughts invade their mind in an unending loop of fear and doubt. Then, there are those constantly haunted by their past. You’re here because you understand what it feels like to be unsafe, anxious, and afraid. You feel restrained as the people and pieces of your life fall away. Hiding away, you’ve missed so many opportunities. The constant internal dialogue—Why can’t I just be normal?—is suffocating.
(619) 314-5222 View (619) 314-5222
Photo of Lucia R. Desoto, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Lucia R. Desoto
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Loma Portal, San Diego, CA 92107
I view therapy as a very special, sacred space where my clients may begin and proceed on their journey toward health. I have extensive experience working with a host of different mental health issues. As a Christian therapist, I am able to offer not only experience and professionalism, but also provide an atmosphere of safety where clients are free to hear from God, Himself, as He brings truth which is genuine, long-lasting, and results in true healing and freedom.
I view therapy as a very special, sacred space where my clients may begin and proceed on their journey toward health. I have extensive experience working with a host of different mental health issues. As a Christian therapist, I am able to offer not only experience and professionalism, but also provide an atmosphere of safety where clients are free to hear from God, Himself, as He brings truth which is genuine, long-lasting, and results in true healing and freedom.
(858) 762-9943 View (858) 762-9943
Photo of Lauren Spinelli, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lauren Spinelli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Loma Portal, San Diego, CA 92107
Are you feeling like life is getting a bit heavy? Maybe you're dealing with overwhelming emotions, stress, anxiety or just feeling alone in it all. Challenges will inevitably arise throughout life. Some can be handled effectively on our own and some require additional support. That's where I come in! First off, kudos to you for taking the courageous step of seeking support. I consider it a privilege to support you in whatever you're going through. For over 12 years, I've devoted my life to listening to people share their fears and frustrations, while equipping them with the tools to live more fulfilling and joyful lives.
Are you feeling like life is getting a bit heavy? Maybe you're dealing with overwhelming emotions, stress, anxiety or just feeling alone in it all. Challenges will inevitably arise throughout life. Some can be handled effectively on our own and some require additional support. That's where I come in! First off, kudos to you for taking the courageous step of seeking support. I consider it a privilege to support you in whatever you're going through. For over 12 years, I've devoted my life to listening to people share their fears and frustrations, while equipping them with the tools to live more fulfilling and joyful lives.
(619) 361-7865 View (619) 361-7865
Photo of Barbara Morett - Barbara Morett, Couples Therapist , Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Barbara Morett, Couples Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Loma Portal, San Diego, CA 92107
Are you looking for a therapist who can hold space for all of your unique identities, neurotypes, culture and relationship dynamics? That's me! I specialize in working with couples who want to understand each other better, but are struggling to find common ground. I work with couples who are from different cultures, backgrounds, or have different neurotypes (Autism, ADHD, PDA) nor where there are a mix of different neurotypes in the relationship. My lived experience with neurodiversity adds to a fuller understanding for the ways neurodiversity affects relationship dynamics.
Are you looking for a therapist who can hold space for all of your unique identities, neurotypes, culture and relationship dynamics? That's me! I specialize in working with couples who want to understand each other better, but are struggling to find common ground. I work with couples who are from different cultures, backgrounds, or have different neurotypes (Autism, ADHD, PDA) nor where there are a mix of different neurotypes in the relationship. My lived experience with neurodiversity adds to a fuller understanding for the ways neurodiversity affects relationship dynamics.
(619) 503-0809 View (619) 503-0809
Photo of Kevin Fawcett, Psychologist, PhD
Kevin Fawcett
Psychologist, PhD
2 Endorsed
Loma Portal, San Diego, CA 92107
I provide therapy services for adolescents, adults, couples, and families who are seeking help navigating and optimizing their life and relationship. Though I enjoy working with individuals of all ages, I have developed a passion and distinct skill set for working with the adolescents/young adults and their unique challenges including mental health symptoms like depression and anxiety, unfulfilling jobs or relationships, issues with families of origin, difficulties with motivation, facing concerning life transitions, or problems with addictive behaviors.
I provide therapy services for adolescents, adults, couples, and families who are seeking help navigating and optimizing their life and relationship. Though I enjoy working with individuals of all ages, I have developed a passion and distinct skill set for working with the adolescents/young adults and their unique challenges including mental health symptoms like depression and anxiety, unfulfilling jobs or relationships, issues with families of origin, difficulties with motivation, facing concerning life transitions, or problems with addictive behaviors.
(619) 722-3233 View (619) 722-3233
Photo of Sarah Izaguirre, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Sarah Izaguirre
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Serves Area
Working with children, teenagers, adults, and families has been my priority for the past decade in order to help them develop the skills they need to build healthy lives. My goal is to create a safe environment in which individuals feel comfortable expressing themselves openly and free of judgment. I believe in working as a team in order to help each person develop insight in themselves and their situation, while cultivating their strengths, and highlighting their resiliency. When needed, I involve parents, families, psychiatrists, and physicians in order to ensure collaboration to increase the client's support within treatment.
Working with children, teenagers, adults, and families has been my priority for the past decade in order to help them develop the skills they need to build healthy lives. My goal is to create a safe environment in which individuals feel comfortable expressing themselves openly and free of judgment. I believe in working as a team in order to help each person develop insight in themselves and their situation, while cultivating their strengths, and highlighting their resiliency. When needed, I involve parents, families, psychiatrists, and physicians in order to ensure collaboration to increase the client's support within treatment.
(619) 598-1117 View (619) 598-1117
Photo of Lindsay Evans, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lindsay Evans
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
Many of the people I work with come to therapy because they are feeling stuck or overwhelmed, seeking relief from anxiety or depression, needing support as they adjust to a change in their life, or wanting to develop a better understanding of themselves. While we don’t have control over some circumstances in life, we can work to optimally navigate what comes our way. My goal is to create a non-judgmental and supportive space for exploration and change and to help my clients improve their sense of well-being.
Many of the people I work with come to therapy because they are feeling stuck or overwhelmed, seeking relief from anxiety or depression, needing support as they adjust to a change in their life, or wanting to develop a better understanding of themselves. While we don’t have control over some circumstances in life, we can work to optimally navigate what comes our way. My goal is to create a non-judgmental and supportive space for exploration and change and to help my clients improve their sense of well-being.
(510) 907-4112 View (510) 907-4112
Photo of Diane Lass, Psychologist, PhD
Diane Lass
Psychologist, PhD
Serves Area
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist located in the Ocean Beach and Palm Desert area. I provide individual and couples therapy as well as empowerment support groups. My approach is non-judgmental and compassionate. I believe we can all use support at various times throughout our lives. Change can be difficult. Even positive changes can bring about uncertainties. My focus is on the whole person: mind, body and spirit.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist located in the Ocean Beach and Palm Desert area. I provide individual and couples therapy as well as empowerment support groups. My approach is non-judgmental and compassionate. I believe we can all use support at various times throughout our lives. Change can be difficult. Even positive changes can bring about uncertainties. My focus is on the whole person: mind, body and spirit.
(619) 493-4402 View (619) 493-4402

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Loma Portal, San Diego, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Loma Portal, San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
84% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
65% Trauma and PTSD
64% Stress
60% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth
62% Optum

How Therapists in Loma Portal, San Diego, CA see their clients

55% Online Only
45% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Loma Portal?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.