Therapists in Clairemont, San Diego, CA

Photo of Angela Singer, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Angela Singer
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clairemont, San Diego, CA 92117
Have you and your partner grown apart recently? Are you and your partner tired of feeling like roommates and you’re looking to recapture those early days when nothing else mattered but your love for one another? Sometimes relationships can shift after kids, careers, and life gets in the way resulting in a lack of intimacy and poor communication.
Have you and your partner grown apart recently? Are you and your partner tired of feeling like roommates and you’re looking to recapture those early days when nothing else mattered but your love for one another? Sometimes relationships can shift after kids, careers, and life gets in the way resulting in a lack of intimacy and poor communication.
(619) 737-0516 View (619) 737-0516
Paradigm Psychology
Pre-Licensed Professional, MPH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
We help individuals and couples develop a deep understanding of themselves, which can include working through past trauma. I can support you in finding new meaning after trauma and grief, managing depression and anxiety, as well as helping build healthy self-esteem. I specialize in teaching tools to help you better communicate, repair relationships, heal attachment wounds, set healthy boundaries, find harmony, build secure attachments, and adjust to life changes, including midlife distress, breakups/divorce, & career changes.
We help individuals and couples develop a deep understanding of themselves, which can include working through past trauma. I can support you in finding new meaning after trauma and grief, managing depression and anxiety, as well as helping build healthy self-esteem. I specialize in teaching tools to help you better communicate, repair relationships, heal attachment wounds, set healthy boundaries, find harmony, build secure attachments, and adjust to life changes, including midlife distress, breakups/divorce, & career changes.
(619) 983-1217 View (619) 983-1217
Photo of Mojgan Jahan, PsyD, Psychologist
Mojgan Jahan
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Online Only
I offer two services (both remotely): Psychotherapy for persons in California and Life Coaching worldwide in an emotionally safe and highly accountable manner. I partner with you in your journey of wellness, growth and self-discovery. Together we come up with a plan that will propel you toward fulfilling your most cherished goals and dreams. I am warm and non-judgmental and can provide a safe space for you to find or reconnect with your purpose. We work together in a relaxed and fun atmosphere to help you see yourself blossom!
I offer two services (both remotely): Psychotherapy for persons in California and Life Coaching worldwide in an emotionally safe and highly accountable manner. I partner with you in your journey of wellness, growth and self-discovery. Together we come up with a plan that will propel you toward fulfilling your most cherished goals and dreams. I am warm and non-judgmental and can provide a safe space for you to find or reconnect with your purpose. We work together in a relaxed and fun atmosphere to help you see yourself blossom!
(619) 916-4669 View (619) 916-4669
Photo of Christina Marie Nichols, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christina Marie Nichols
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a well-rounded, clinically, and spiritually minded therapist. I believe it is my purpose to help others reconnect with their authentic self and resolve past and present issues preventing them from being who they are meant to be. I would like to share these important concepts, and ideas with you in your journey to reaching your personal therapeutic goals.
I am a well-rounded, clinically, and spiritually minded therapist. I believe it is my purpose to help others reconnect with their authentic self and resolve past and present issues preventing them from being who they are meant to be. I would like to share these important concepts, and ideas with you in your journey to reaching your personal therapeutic goals.
(619) 353-7806 View (619) 353-7806
Photo of Jeannette M. Gilmore, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jeannette M. Gilmore
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you experiencing emotional and physical problems that seem unmanageable? Life can be challenging when you've endured mental and physical stressors. Know that you are not alone. Together we will create the step-by-step tools needed to heal yourself and take back your life. My holistic nontraditional treatment will get you there. And it works faster than conventional counseling. Without judgment and through empathy you can process life events that are overwhelming. In our journey together my goal is that you will learn how to develop a more peaceful and fulfilling life and create a deeper connection to your genuine self.
Are you experiencing emotional and physical problems that seem unmanageable? Life can be challenging when you've endured mental and physical stressors. Know that you are not alone. Together we will create the step-by-step tools needed to heal yourself and take back your life. My holistic nontraditional treatment will get you there. And it works faster than conventional counseling. Without judgment and through empathy you can process life events that are overwhelming. In our journey together my goal is that you will learn how to develop a more peaceful and fulfilling life and create a deeper connection to your genuine self.
(858) 408-6549 View (858) 408-6549
Photo of Ian Lowe, PsyD, Psychologist
Ian Lowe
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clairemont, San Diego, CA 92117
I work with clients who want change their lives for the better, but find themselves going in circles with challenges (e.g. anxiety, low mood, lack of confidence, life stressors, feeling disconnected). Our therapy work together helps create new ways of dealing with problems effectively, encourages and empowers clients to live meaningful lives, while attuning to a person’s unique culture and background
I work with clients who want change their lives for the better, but find themselves going in circles with challenges (e.g. anxiety, low mood, lack of confidence, life stressors, feeling disconnected). Our therapy work together helps create new ways of dealing with problems effectively, encourages and empowers clients to live meaningful lives, while attuning to a person’s unique culture and background
(619) 486-3878 View (619) 486-3878
Photo of Autumn Backhaus, PhD, Psychologist
Autumn Backhaus
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Clairemont, San Diego, CA 92122
I believe that people have the capacity for amazing feats of growth and change and as a psychologist my role is to partner with my clients as they take this great journey. Change and growth are not always easy, doing something different than what you used to can feel overwhelming. I am here to provide a affirming, culturally humble, supportive, safe, nonjudgmental therapeutic environment that allows for you to further explore the issues you are struggling with and to make the most effective changes to better handle life's challenges, while also striving toward living a meaningful and fulfilling life.
I believe that people have the capacity for amazing feats of growth and change and as a psychologist my role is to partner with my clients as they take this great journey. Change and growth are not always easy, doing something different than what you used to can feel overwhelming. I am here to provide a affirming, culturally humble, supportive, safe, nonjudgmental therapeutic environment that allows for you to further explore the issues you are struggling with and to make the most effective changes to better handle life's challenges, while also striving toward living a meaningful and fulfilling life.
(858) 251-7091 View (858) 251-7091
Photo of Candace Fanale, PhD, Psychologist
Candace Fanale
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Clairemont, San Diego, CA 92117
I specialize in general clinical psychology (various anxiety and mood disorders), health psychology, and evidence-based practice. I use cognitive behavioral therapy with a collaborate approach. At the beginning of treatment, we work toward figuring out what isn’t working for you and how to initially get you some symptom relief. I value getting to know you and your thoughts, beliefs, and coping strategies. I help you find ways to cope that are more effective. I strive for genuine relationships with my clients at any stage of adulthood where we can discuss issues openly. You are included in treatment-related decisions.
I specialize in general clinical psychology (various anxiety and mood disorders), health psychology, and evidence-based practice. I use cognitive behavioral therapy with a collaborate approach. At the beginning of treatment, we work toward figuring out what isn’t working for you and how to initially get you some symptom relief. I value getting to know you and your thoughts, beliefs, and coping strategies. I help you find ways to cope that are more effective. I strive for genuine relationships with my clients at any stage of adulthood where we can discuss issues openly. You are included in treatment-related decisions.
(619) 737-3935 View (619) 737-3935
Photo of Leah Polster, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Leah Polster
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Clairemont, San Diego, CA 92117
Take a moment to feel into what it would be like to awaken each day deeply fulfilled and aligned with your true Self. Imagine you're living your dream life - fully present and embodied - each moment infused with intention, purpose and meaning. Maybe you can't quite feel your dream life through the static of self-doubt, internal chaos, stuck-ness, or worthlessness. I've been there. You don't have to figure it all out alone. My name is Leah, and I specialize in holding compassionate space for deep healing and personal transformation. Together, we'll embark on a healing journey to reconnect you with your most authentic Self.
Take a moment to feel into what it would be like to awaken each day deeply fulfilled and aligned with your true Self. Imagine you're living your dream life - fully present and embodied - each moment infused with intention, purpose and meaning. Maybe you can't quite feel your dream life through the static of self-doubt, internal chaos, stuck-ness, or worthlessness. I've been there. You don't have to figure it all out alone. My name is Leah, and I specialize in holding compassionate space for deep healing and personal transformation. Together, we'll embark on a healing journey to reconnect you with your most authentic Self.
(747) 269-6530 View (747) 269-6530
Photo of Kaitlin Morrill, ACSW, MT-BC
Kaitlin Morrill
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ACSW, MT-BC
Verified Verified
Clairemont, San Diego, CA 92117
Are you stressed, overwhelmed, crippled with anxiety, depression, trauma, or grief? Are you struggling in your job, or as a student? Are you engaging in coping patterns that are not serving you (food, substances, scrolling)? You are not alone in this experience. We all go through seasons of life where we need the support to move from surviving to thriving, and I can help get you there.
Are you stressed, overwhelmed, crippled with anxiety, depression, trauma, or grief? Are you struggling in your job, or as a student? Are you engaging in coping patterns that are not serving you (food, substances, scrolling)? You are not alone in this experience. We all go through seasons of life where we need the support to move from surviving to thriving, and I can help get you there.
(619) 793-3501 View (619) 793-3501
Photo of Lindsay Lien: Hope Therapy Group, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Lindsay Lien: Hope Therapy Group
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome! I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who enjoys working with adults, adolescents, families, and couples. I believe that a strong, collaborative, trusting relationship is at the heart of therapy. I draw upon a range of evidence-based therapeutic approaches to fit your needs and goals. I have experience working with issues related to anxiety, depression, behavioral challenges, adjustment, grief and loss, trauma, motivation, relationships, and identity.
Welcome! I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who enjoys working with adults, adolescents, families, and couples. I believe that a strong, collaborative, trusting relationship is at the heart of therapy. I draw upon a range of evidence-based therapeutic approaches to fit your needs and goals. I have experience working with issues related to anxiety, depression, behavioral challenges, adjustment, grief and loss, trauma, motivation, relationships, and identity.
(619) 215-5321 View (619) 215-5321
Photo of Lynnesa Estiva Vickery, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lynnesa Estiva Vickery
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
My goal is to help others work through their past experiences and barriers to find peace and joy within themselves. Self love and acceptance are key. Learn to practice techniques to manage your symptoms of anxiety and depression. My hope is to get clients to personal freedom, peace and joy and mindfulness. Being able to live in the moment. I help people who are struggling with Depression, Anxiety and PTSD find personal freedom and peace so they can live a joyful and present life.
My goal is to help others work through their past experiences and barriers to find peace and joy within themselves. Self love and acceptance are key. Learn to practice techniques to manage your symptoms of anxiety and depression. My hope is to get clients to personal freedom, peace and joy and mindfulness. Being able to live in the moment. I help people who are struggling with Depression, Anxiety and PTSD find personal freedom and peace so they can live a joyful and present life.
(619) 353-9382 View (619) 353-9382
Photo of Michaela Reilly, PsyD, Psychological Associate
Michaela Reilly
Psychological Associate, PsyD
Verified Verified
Online Only
As a therapist, I value the relationship built with individuals. I approach therapy with an empathetic, warm, relationship driven model that emphasizes collaboration. I work with adults, parents, families, and teens struggling with: trauma, grief, relationships, life changes, and systemic oppression. There is so much that goes on in the world, having a space to not be judged but cared for can be so important. My works aims to help you build upon your strengths and sense of self.
As a therapist, I value the relationship built with individuals. I approach therapy with an empathetic, warm, relationship driven model that emphasizes collaboration. I work with adults, parents, families, and teens struggling with: trauma, grief, relationships, life changes, and systemic oppression. There is so much that goes on in the world, having a space to not be judged but cared for can be so important. My works aims to help you build upon your strengths and sense of self.
(619) 815-2174 View (619) 815-2174
Photo of Sarah Garcia, APCC
Sarah Garcia
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, APCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Clairemont, San Diego, CA 92117
Your mind is often running a million miles a minute. You constantly replay conversations, worrying you said the wrong thing or that your peers don’t like you. Or, you’re stuck in a cycle of stressing about the future, second-guessing every decision, & feeling like you’re falling behind. The anxiety can be so overwhelming that it’s hard to eat, sleep, or even think clearly. You may also face pressure from school, work, relationships, or figuring out who you are. It’s exhausting and lonely trying to navigate by yourself—but you don’t have to anymore. Together, we can build a path to feeling more grounded, confident, & connected.
Your mind is often running a million miles a minute. You constantly replay conversations, worrying you said the wrong thing or that your peers don’t like you. Or, you’re stuck in a cycle of stressing about the future, second-guessing every decision, & feeling like you’re falling behind. The anxiety can be so overwhelming that it’s hard to eat, sleep, or even think clearly. You may also face pressure from school, work, relationships, or figuring out who you are. It’s exhausting and lonely trying to navigate by yourself—but you don’t have to anymore. Together, we can build a path to feeling more grounded, confident, & connected.
(619) 815-4516 View (619) 815-4516
Photo of Ginny Gutman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ginny Gutman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Clairemont, San Diego, CA 92117
Ready to conquer that life transition, anxiety/worry or improve your relationship? I specialize in helping people overcome anxiety, making successful life transitions, and making lasting relationship improvements.
Ready to conquer that life transition, anxiety/worry or improve your relationship? I specialize in helping people overcome anxiety, making successful life transitions, and making lasting relationship improvements.
(619) 202-8909 View (619) 202-8909
Photo of Monica Grace Cashiotta-Munn, PsyD, EdD, LMFT, RN-BC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Monica Grace Cashiotta-Munn
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, EdD, LMFT, RN-BC
Verified Verified
Clairemont, San Diego, CA 92117
Licensed MFT therapist, RN, and a Dr. of Psychology and Dr. of Education degrees. Have worked in the field for 35 years. I believe in empowering clients to move forward out of pain and understand their issues. I don't keep people in counseling for no reason. I've worked with ages from 4 years old to age 99. I use sand tray, family systems, cognitive and behavioral therapy, to deal with relationship, sexual addictions, depression, high risk divorce families and marriage conflicts. Worked for 32 years with registered sexual offenders. Nothing you say will shock me or will I judge you.
Licensed MFT therapist, RN, and a Dr. of Psychology and Dr. of Education degrees. Have worked in the field for 35 years. I believe in empowering clients to move forward out of pain and understand their issues. I don't keep people in counseling for no reason. I've worked with ages from 4 years old to age 99. I use sand tray, family systems, cognitive and behavioral therapy, to deal with relationship, sexual addictions, depression, high risk divorce families and marriage conflicts. Worked for 32 years with registered sexual offenders. Nothing you say will shock me or will I judge you.
(858) 330-1716 View (858) 330-1716
Photo of Callie K. Reece, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Callie K. Reece
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Hello! I'm Callie, a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist from San Diego, Ca who works with adults & adolescents who experience depression, anxiety, substance use, and trauma. I am Certified in Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) and has been in the mental health field for 10 years. My treatment approach is client centered and trauma informed, focusing on metabolizing trauma and negative beliefs. I studied at National University, obtaining a M.A. in Marriage and Family Therapy.
Hello! I'm Callie, a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist from San Diego, Ca who works with adults & adolescents who experience depression, anxiety, substance use, and trauma. I am Certified in Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) and has been in the mental health field for 10 years. My treatment approach is client centered and trauma informed, focusing on metabolizing trauma and negative beliefs. I studied at National University, obtaining a M.A. in Marriage and Family Therapy.
(858) 758-4651 View (858) 758-4651
Photo of David Lipsitt, PsyD, Psychologist
David Lipsitt
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Clairemont, San Diego, CA 92117
⯌ Providing in-person evaluations — neuropsychological, neurodevelopmental, & psychoeducational. (Not providing therapy services.) ⯌ Serving children, adolescents, adults. ⯌ SPECIALIZING in: ⯌ Impact of emotional wellness on learning (and vice-versa). ⯌ Strengths-based, non-pathologizing approach. ⯌ Strategies for ADHD, learning differences (i.e., dyslexia, intellectual giftedness), anxiety, temperamental & sensory sensitivity (i.e., highly sensitive children/adults), autism spectrum/neurodiversity, stress management, time management, & emotional wellness. ⯌ Licensed in CA, MA, and HI.
⯌ Providing in-person evaluations — neuropsychological, neurodevelopmental, & psychoeducational. (Not providing therapy services.) ⯌ Serving children, adolescents, adults. ⯌ SPECIALIZING in: ⯌ Impact of emotional wellness on learning (and vice-versa). ⯌ Strengths-based, non-pathologizing approach. ⯌ Strategies for ADHD, learning differences (i.e., dyslexia, intellectual giftedness), anxiety, temperamental & sensory sensitivity (i.e., highly sensitive children/adults), autism spectrum/neurodiversity, stress management, time management, & emotional wellness. ⯌ Licensed in CA, MA, and HI.
(617) 390-8293 View (617) 390-8293
Photo of Bryanna Cazares, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Bryanna Cazares
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Supervised by Jennifer Whetstone, LMFT 53763. Hi, my name is Bryanna (she/her), I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist. I understand that life can throw us in many different directions to a point where we feel lost. My role is to support and help you navigate through stages of life and experiences. I am here to create a safe space and build a trusting therapeutic relationship. By using a systemic lens, we can better identify the areas of your life that need attention and healing. We can work together to strengthen your sense of self and overall quality of life.
Supervised by Jennifer Whetstone, LMFT 53763. Hi, my name is Bryanna (she/her), I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist. I understand that life can throw us in many different directions to a point where we feel lost. My role is to support and help you navigate through stages of life and experiences. I am here to create a safe space and build a trusting therapeutic relationship. By using a systemic lens, we can better identify the areas of your life that need attention and healing. We can work together to strengthen your sense of self and overall quality of life.
(858) 879-6793 View (858) 879-6793
Photo of Neda Khodaparast, PsyD, QME, Psychologist
Neda Khodaparast
Psychologist, PsyD, QME
Verified Verified
Clairemont, San Diego, CA 92117
"In all chaos there is a cosmos, in all disorder a secret order.” I truly believe that people are not what happened to them. They are what they choose to become. Therapy is a safe and private space in which you are able to deepen your understanding of your capabilities and choices you can make in life. Through providing positive and feedbacks, I will assist you to acquire a healthy set of coping skills and gain more insight about your psychology. This insight will eventually “unstuck” you from repeating unhealthy behaviors by breaking old patterns and developing new ones.
"In all chaos there is a cosmos, in all disorder a secret order.” I truly believe that people are not what happened to them. They are what they choose to become. Therapy is a safe and private space in which you are able to deepen your understanding of your capabilities and choices you can make in life. Through providing positive and feedbacks, I will assist you to acquire a healthy set of coping skills and gain more insight about your psychology. This insight will eventually “unstuck” you from repeating unhealthy behaviors by breaking old patterns and developing new ones.
(860) 615-9919 View (860) 615-9919
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Clairemont, San Diego, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Clairemont, San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
89% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
76% Stress
70% Coping Skills
67% Self Esteem
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
79% Cigna and Evernorth
56% Managed Health Network (MHN)

How Therapists in Clairemont, San Diego, CA see their clients

50% Online Only
50% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Clairemont, San Diego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.