Therapists in City Heights, San Diego, CA

Photo of Abimbola Ogundeji, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Abimbola Ogundeji
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
City Heights, San Diego, CA 92105
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 10 years of experience working with diverse populations. I believe that people have inherent possibilities and strengths. I work with clients to tap into that strength as well as build on the strength as they learn to manage and master challenges. I help clients deal with life stressors that challenge their ability to function at the level they can. Clients dealing with relationship difficulties, balancing work-life issues, changes in the life cycle, migration, immigration, trauma, and domestic violence
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 10 years of experience working with diverse populations. I believe that people have inherent possibilities and strengths. I work with clients to tap into that strength as well as build on the strength as they learn to manage and master challenges. I help clients deal with life stressors that challenge their ability to function at the level they can. Clients dealing with relationship difficulties, balancing work-life issues, changes in the life cycle, migration, immigration, trauma, and domestic violence
(213) 415-3375 View (213) 415-3375
Photo of Dr. Ida Greene, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD MFT
Dr. Ida Greene
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD MFT
City Heights, San Diego, CA 92105
I am a seasoned Therapist with many years of experience. I have also worked as an RN (Psych) nurse for many years and as an Educator in K-12, Community College, and College. I am an Intuitive Credentialed Coach, an ordained Minister, and the author of 24 books.
I am a seasoned Therapist with many years of experience. I have also worked as an RN (Psych) nurse for many years and as an Educator in K-12, Community College, and College. I am an Intuitive Credentialed Coach, an ordained Minister, and the author of 24 books.
(619) 558-2922 View (619) 558-2922
Photo of Elene Bratton - ANKH Family Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
ANKH Family Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
City Heights, San Diego, CA 92105
Welcome to my mobile practice, where I bring the healing to you! Licensed since 1997, I offer a wealth of professional and personal lived experience to assist you with both your individual and family needs. If you join me we will work together to reach your goals. It is hard work to become our best selves & live our best lives, free from harmful responses due to wounds & holes, left over from an earlier life. You will have the support to overcome obstacles to healing the past, staying present and embracing the future, all this while developing a better understanding & acceptance for yourself, and others just as you are.
Welcome to my mobile practice, where I bring the healing to you! Licensed since 1997, I offer a wealth of professional and personal lived experience to assist you with both your individual and family needs. If you join me we will work together to reach your goals. It is hard work to become our best selves & live our best lives, free from harmful responses due to wounds & holes, left over from an earlier life. You will have the support to overcome obstacles to healing the past, staying present and embracing the future, all this while developing a better understanding & acceptance for yourself, and others just as you are.
(619) 332-4808 View (619) 332-4808
Photo of Rachel Gasca, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Rachel Gasca
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
City Heights, San Diego, CA 92104
Rachel Gasca has a decade of experience treating adults and adolescents. Rachel takes a holistic and trauma-informed approach to mental health care. Her therapeutic approach is integrative, person-centered, solution-focused, mindfulness-based, and CBT-based. Rachel is a bilingual Latina clinician with an emphasis on the BIPOC experience.
Rachel Gasca has a decade of experience treating adults and adolescents. Rachel takes a holistic and trauma-informed approach to mental health care. Her therapeutic approach is integrative, person-centered, solution-focused, mindfulness-based, and CBT-based. Rachel is a bilingual Latina clinician with an emphasis on the BIPOC experience.
(424) 677-0080 View (424) 677-0080
Photo of Yesenia Barragan, Associate Clinical Social Worker, ACSW
Yesenia Barragan
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ACSW
City Heights, San Diego, CA 92105
Hi All! I am a bilingual first-gen Latina therapist who specializes in supporting adults who might be finding themselves overwhelmed by stress, life transitions, and everything going on in the world. Maybe you’ve thought about therapy but aren’t sure if it’s for you—and that’s ok. If you’re tired of just getting by and want to feel more at peace, break old patterns, and reconnect with yourself, I’m here to help you figure it out. I am here to offer a brave and supportive space where you don’t have to explain or shrink any part of yourself, a place where you can feel seen, heard, and gently move toward healing in your own time.
Hi All! I am a bilingual first-gen Latina therapist who specializes in supporting adults who might be finding themselves overwhelmed by stress, life transitions, and everything going on in the world. Maybe you’ve thought about therapy but aren’t sure if it’s for you—and that’s ok. If you’re tired of just getting by and want to feel more at peace, break old patterns, and reconnect with yourself, I’m here to help you figure it out. I am here to offer a brave and supportive space where you don’t have to explain or shrink any part of yourself, a place where you can feel seen, heard, and gently move toward healing in your own time.
(619) 349-9952 View (619) 349-9952
Photo of Karla Martinez, Associate Clinical Social Worker, ACSW
Karla Martinez
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ACSW
City Heights, San Diego, CA 92105
Welcome! I'm Karla Martinez, ACSW. I support adults navigating anxiety, depression, grief, trauma & life transitions. As a second-generation Filipina immigrant, I understand how layered & personal each person's story can be. Whether you're working through something specific or feeling stuck in a place that's hard to name, I aim to provide a safe, affirming space where you feel accepted, valued, & heard. For this reason, I'm committed to shaping our work around your personal needs. I use evidence-based methods like CBT, MI, TF-CBT, & EMDR to help you explore your experiences & reconnect with your inner strength.
Welcome! I'm Karla Martinez, ACSW. I support adults navigating anxiety, depression, grief, trauma & life transitions. As a second-generation Filipina immigrant, I understand how layered & personal each person's story can be. Whether you're working through something specific or feeling stuck in a place that's hard to name, I aim to provide a safe, affirming space where you feel accepted, valued, & heard. For this reason, I'm committed to shaping our work around your personal needs. I use evidence-based methods like CBT, MI, TF-CBT, & EMDR to help you explore your experiences & reconnect with your inner strength.
(619) 762-4216 View (619) 762-4216
Photo of Laura Soto - SAY Wellness Center, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
SAY Wellness Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
City Heights, San Diego, CA 92105
At SAY San Diego Wellness Center, we help individuals and families heal through therapy and holistic care. Our services blend counseling with wellness practices like sound baths, mindfulness, and movement—meeting the whole person, not just the challenges. Whether you’re seeking support for stress, relationships, or personal growth, our team is here to guide you. Real healing. Guided by compassion. Centered on you
At SAY San Diego Wellness Center, we help individuals and families heal through therapy and holistic care. Our services blend counseling with wellness practices like sound baths, mindfulness, and movement—meeting the whole person, not just the challenges. Whether you’re seeking support for stress, relationships, or personal growth, our team is here to guide you. Real healing. Guided by compassion. Centered on you
(619) 773-0805 View (619) 773-0805
Photo of Kevin Kuhlow, LAADC, MS
Kevin Kuhlow
Verified Verified
City Heights, San Diego, CA 92105
Is alcohol or another substance holding you back? Are you a professional or executive who has found that the one thing you haven't been able to overcome is substance use? Many clinicians don't truly understand the stress and loneliness that professional success can create. My experience as a senior executive and addiction professional can help you break free and achieve your true potential. Don't let substance abuse be the one thing you haven't been able to overcome as a professional. I utilize positive counseling techniques designed to capitalize on your strengths to help you overcome substance use and achieve your potential.
Is alcohol or another substance holding you back? Are you a professional or executive who has found that the one thing you haven't been able to overcome is substance use? Many clinicians don't truly understand the stress and loneliness that professional success can create. My experience as a senior executive and addiction professional can help you break free and achieve your true potential. Don't let substance abuse be the one thing you haven't been able to overcome as a professional. I utilize positive counseling techniques designed to capitalize on your strengths to help you overcome substance use and achieve your potential.
(619) 848-0777 View (619) 848-0777
Photo of Prof. Kevin Patrick Barman, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CCBT, MS, MA
Prof. Kevin Patrick Barman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CCBT, MS, MA
City Heights, San Diego, CA 92105
As a practitioner of the principles of cognitive behavioral therapy , I find that a scientific approach together with empathy can help individuals cope & manage issues that interfere with their lives and is the most effective .Through the teaching & practicing of these therapeutic principles an individual can learn to minimize their weaknesses and maximize their ability to recognize their strengths.The practice of cognitive behavioral therapy emphasizes on the relationship between an individual's thoughts , emotions , & behavioral patterns & how they influence each other and by working together we can formulate a plan that can help anyone live life to the fullest .
As a practitioner of the principles of cognitive behavioral therapy , I find that a scientific approach together with empathy can help individuals cope & manage issues that interfere with their lives and is the most effective .Through the teaching & practicing of these therapeutic principles an individual can learn to minimize their weaknesses and maximize their ability to recognize their strengths.The practice of cognitive behavioral therapy emphasizes on the relationship between an individual's thoughts , emotions , & behavioral patterns & how they influence each other and by working together we can formulate a plan that can help anyone live life to the fullest .
(562) 284-2829 View (562) 284-2829
Photo of Jenna Evans, Pre-Licensed Professional, APCC
Jenna Evans
Pre-Licensed Professional, APCC
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
I help individuals and couples navigate conflict, avoidance, self-blame, and the impact of trauma and stress in relationships. Learn about where anger comes from and how to use it to your advantage to set boundaries, make change, and get more out of your relationships. My approach is evidence based and grounded in an awareness of how larger systems—like racism, ableism, sexism, homophobia, and other forms of oppression—can shape our emotional and relational experiences. Together we will identify your core values are and how to start building a life that brings you more meaning.
I help individuals and couples navigate conflict, avoidance, self-blame, and the impact of trauma and stress in relationships. Learn about where anger comes from and how to use it to your advantage to set boundaries, make change, and get more out of your relationships. My approach is evidence based and grounded in an awareness of how larger systems—like racism, ableism, sexism, homophobia, and other forms of oppression—can shape our emotional and relational experiences. Together we will identify your core values are and how to start building a life that brings you more meaning.
(619) 330-8156 View (619) 330-8156
Photo of Michael Brady, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Michael Brady
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
We've all experienced times when we've felt frustrated, stuck, or dissatisfied with our lives and what we want or how to move forward. While some clients are looking for immediate solutions, others want to explore the “why” behind it all. I believe we can focus on both. We'll move at your pace to understand what isn't working and why. My goal is to help you learn ways to tackle life's challenges, slow down, and feel more connected with your emotions. I'm also very passionate about helping couples seeking to improve their communication and reduce conflict leading to increased intimacy and connection.
We've all experienced times when we've felt frustrated, stuck, or dissatisfied with our lives and what we want or how to move forward. While some clients are looking for immediate solutions, others want to explore the “why” behind it all. I believe we can focus on both. We'll move at your pace to understand what isn't working and why. My goal is to help you learn ways to tackle life's challenges, slow down, and feel more connected with your emotions. I'm also very passionate about helping couples seeking to improve their communication and reduce conflict leading to increased intimacy and connection.
(424) 360-2143 View (424) 360-2143
Photo of Antonio Marotta - Therapy-Connection, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Therapy-Connection
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Serves Area
You don’t have to navigate life’s challenges alone. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, relationship stress, grief, burnout, or major life changes, Therapy-Connection provides a space where you can feel heard, supported, and understood. We help you build clarity, confidence, and practical tools to create meaningful, lasting change. We believe therapy should feel like a partnership. We’ll meet you where you are, honor your story, and walk beside you as you work toward growth. Whether you’re new to therapy or returning after time away, you deserve a supportive space to heal and move forward.
You don’t have to navigate life’s challenges alone. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, relationship stress, grief, burnout, or major life changes, Therapy-Connection provides a space where you can feel heard, supported, and understood. We help you build clarity, confidence, and practical tools to create meaningful, lasting change. We believe therapy should feel like a partnership. We’ll meet you where you are, honor your story, and walk beside you as you work toward growth. Whether you’re new to therapy or returning after time away, you deserve a supportive space to heal and move forward.
(619) 848-6945 View (619) 848-6945
Photo of Stephanie Trecha, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Stephanie Trecha
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you longing for a deeper sense of self and struggling to identify or voice your own needs? Falling back into old patterns of thinking and behaving that derail your relationships, your life goals, or trigger diminished feelings of self-worth? Are you struggling to connect intimately with your partner and can't find the words to talk it about it without shame, blame or conflict? Do you struggle to feel connected to people in your life, feel isolated, or overly anxious? Has trauma or past experiences been the building blocks of unhelpful core beliefs you wish to change? You're not alone, let's talk!
Are you longing for a deeper sense of self and struggling to identify or voice your own needs? Falling back into old patterns of thinking and behaving that derail your relationships, your life goals, or trigger diminished feelings of self-worth? Are you struggling to connect intimately with your partner and can't find the words to talk it about it without shame, blame or conflict? Do you struggle to feel connected to people in your life, feel isolated, or overly anxious? Has trauma or past experiences been the building blocks of unhelpful core beliefs you wish to change? You're not alone, let's talk!
(442) 313-2556 View (442) 313-2556
Photo of Shanelle D. Johnson, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Shanelle D. Johnson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
8 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am looking to work with individuals and couples that have managed to weather the storms of life but not without bumps, bruises, and scrapes. I want to work with couples that can't seem to communicate without arguing, that have difference styles of parenting, whose trust have been broken by moments of infidelity or lives impacted by medical and mental illness. I specialize in helping individuals and couples renew, rejuvenate, restore, or rebuild their relationships.
I am looking to work with individuals and couples that have managed to weather the storms of life but not without bumps, bruises, and scrapes. I want to work with couples that can't seem to communicate without arguing, that have difference styles of parenting, whose trust have been broken by moments of infidelity or lives impacted by medical and mental illness. I specialize in helping individuals and couples renew, rejuvenate, restore, or rebuild their relationships.
(619) 658-4405 View (619) 658-4405
Photo of Alexa Hall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Alexa Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
When trauma takes over your mind and body, even everyday moments can feel overwhelming. I help adults get rapid, meaningful relief from PTSD symptoms, so life no longer revolves around avoiding triggers or fighting to keep it together. Always on guard. Drained. Stuck in memories that barge in without warning. Maybe you avoid people, places, or even sleep, just to feel safe. These are human responses to trauma, not personal flaws. I understand how consuming this can be, and we’ll work together in a way that feels safe, steady, and focused on real relief.
When trauma takes over your mind and body, even everyday moments can feel overwhelming. I help adults get rapid, meaningful relief from PTSD symptoms, so life no longer revolves around avoiding triggers or fighting to keep it together. Always on guard. Drained. Stuck in memories that barge in without warning. Maybe you avoid people, places, or even sleep, just to feel safe. These are human responses to trauma, not personal flaws. I understand how consuming this can be, and we’ll work together in a way that feels safe, steady, and focused on real relief.
(619) 738-2174 View (619) 738-2174
Photo of Humberto R Hernandez, Psychologist, PhD
Humberto R Hernandez
Psychologist, PhD
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Psychological Testing & Therapy I provide psychological testing and assessment services for individuals, schools, and organizations. Using a compassionate, patient, and comprehensive approach, I evaluate intellectual, cognitive, and neurodiverse processes to help you gain a clearer understanding of your unique strengths and challenges, and how they shape the way you move through the world. Assessment services include: -ADHD evaluations -Intelligence testing -Personality testing -Learning disorder assessments
Psychological Testing & Therapy I provide psychological testing and assessment services for individuals, schools, and organizations. Using a compassionate, patient, and comprehensive approach, I evaluate intellectual, cognitive, and neurodiverse processes to help you gain a clearer understanding of your unique strengths and challenges, and how they shape the way you move through the world. Assessment services include: -ADHD evaluations -Intelligence testing -Personality testing -Learning disorder assessments
(949) 426-7363 View (949) 426-7363
Photo of Rebecca Beville, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Rebecca Beville
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Serves Area
I believe that your voice and expertise should be held at the same level as mine, so that together, we can create a map of treatment that aligns with who you are and the change you want to see. I value authenticity, empathy, and equality, and strive to uphold these notions in the therapeutic relationship. I also find that a real and honest connection is one of the most powerful vehicles for change, so with that in mind, I enter our work with a great deal of care, humility, and gratitude.
I believe that your voice and expertise should be held at the same level as mine, so that together, we can create a map of treatment that aligns with who you are and the change you want to see. I value authenticity, empathy, and equality, and strive to uphold these notions in the therapeutic relationship. I also find that a real and honest connection is one of the most powerful vehicles for change, so with that in mind, I enter our work with a great deal of care, humility, and gratitude.
(619) 739-4013 View (619) 739-4013
Photo of Brandy Dunn - Silver Lake Psychology, Psychologist, PsyD
Silver Lake Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Online Only
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
(619) 292-0387 View (619) 292-0387
Photo of Patty Palmer - Child Therapy San Diego (Patty Palmer), Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Child Therapy San Diego (Patty Palmer)
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Serves Area
Welcome! I am Patty Palmer and I practice with children in San Diego. I have a passion for working with the neurodivergent community (ADHD, Autistic or PDA clients) and providing a safe space for children to feel their emotions and find tools to support themselves. As a neurodivergent person myself, and the parent of neurodivergent children, I have a deep passion for creating a safe space for all children who attend therapy. I work from a play based therapy lens, incorporating attachment therapy interventions and art therapy.
Welcome! I am Patty Palmer and I practice with children in San Diego. I have a passion for working with the neurodivergent community (ADHD, Autistic or PDA clients) and providing a safe space for children to feel their emotions and find tools to support themselves. As a neurodivergent person myself, and the parent of neurodivergent children, I have a deep passion for creating a safe space for all children who attend therapy. I work from a play based therapy lens, incorporating attachment therapy interventions and art therapy.
(619) 789-5652 View (619) 789-5652
Photo of Ruth Lee Millican - Dr Millican: Adult ADHD Assessment, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr Millican: Adult ADHD Assessment
Psychologist, PsyD
Serves Area
Welcome! I am Dr. Ruth Millican and I specialize in assessing for ADHD in adults later in life. If you are higher masking, you may have been missed as a child and not identified properly. This is common, especially in people assigned female at birth or BIPOC. The testing I provide takes all of these factors into consideration to give you the most accurate understanding of your identity. It can be deeply relieving to understand the cause of struggles you have been having. There can be greater self-compassion and ability to express your needs to others, leading to gaining access to accommodations and supports that you need.
Welcome! I am Dr. Ruth Millican and I specialize in assessing for ADHD in adults later in life. If you are higher masking, you may have been missed as a child and not identified properly. This is common, especially in people assigned female at birth or BIPOC. The testing I provide takes all of these factors into consideration to give you the most accurate understanding of your identity. It can be deeply relieving to understand the cause of struggles you have been having. There can be greater self-compassion and ability to express your needs to others, leading to gaining access to accommodations and supports that you need.
(619) 704-7669 View (619) 704-7669

See more therapy options for City Heights, San Diego

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in City Heights, San Diego, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in City Heights, San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
85% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
75% Stress
73% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% Aetna
75% Cigna and Evernorth
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in City Heights, San Diego, CA see their clients

61% Online Only
39% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in City Heights, San Diego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.