Therapists in Allied Gardens, San Diego, CA

Photo of Erin Colleen Case, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Erin Colleen Case
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Allied Gardens, San Diego, CA 92124
You may be feeling overwhelmed, exhausted, or unsure of how to navigate the challenges life has placed in front of you—especially when past trauma, relationship strain, or anxiety are part of the picture. At some point, you may feel "lost" as life has evolved. You're not alone, and support is available. Whether you're seeking clarity as an individual or connection as a couple, therapy can offer relief and direction. My goal is to meet you where you are emotionally and help you move toward feeling more stable, empowered, and understood.
You may be feeling overwhelmed, exhausted, or unsure of how to navigate the challenges life has placed in front of you—especially when past trauma, relationship strain, or anxiety are part of the picture. At some point, you may feel "lost" as life has evolved. You're not alone, and support is available. Whether you're seeking clarity as an individual or connection as a couple, therapy can offer relief and direction. My goal is to meet you where you are emotionally and help you move toward feeling more stable, empowered, and understood.
(619) 604-4318 View (619) 604-4318
Photo of Joseph Pando, Psychologist, PsyD
Joseph Pando
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
It is common to experience bouts of anxiety, depression, grief, or feelings of helplessness and hopelessness during life. However, these are not issues to suffer through for the rest of your life. My aim is to work collaboratively with you to develop insight into your struggles and nurture innate strengths to help overcome these challenges. I have over ten years of clinical experience treating a variety of psychological difficulties such as addiction, depression, anxiety, grief and loss, ADHD, child/adolescent issues, anger management, relationship issues, and performing psychological and learning disability/ADHD assessments.
It is common to experience bouts of anxiety, depression, grief, or feelings of helplessness and hopelessness during life. However, these are not issues to suffer through for the rest of your life. My aim is to work collaboratively with you to develop insight into your struggles and nurture innate strengths to help overcome these challenges. I have over ten years of clinical experience treating a variety of psychological difficulties such as addiction, depression, anxiety, grief and loss, ADHD, child/adolescent issues, anger management, relationship issues, and performing psychological and learning disability/ADHD assessments.
(831) 778-4793 View (831) 778-4793
Photo of Roy Rawers - Rawers Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CSAT
Rawers Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CSAT
Serves Area
Has your partner just discovered your pornography habit? Rawers Therapy specializes in the treatment of Sex Addiction and other Intimacy Disorders (Commitment Fear, Love Addiction, and Male Sexual Anorexia) from a respectful, non-shaming and clinically validated approach. Advanced CSAT certification from IITAP (International Institute for Trauma & Addiction Professionals) assures you we understand what you are going through and what you need to recover and rebuild your relationship.
Has your partner just discovered your pornography habit? Rawers Therapy specializes in the treatment of Sex Addiction and other Intimacy Disorders (Commitment Fear, Love Addiction, and Male Sexual Anorexia) from a respectful, non-shaming and clinically validated approach. Advanced CSAT certification from IITAP (International Institute for Trauma & Addiction Professionals) assures you we understand what you are going through and what you need to recover and rebuild your relationship.
(858) 914-4267 View (858) 914-4267
Photo of Jeremy Gregory, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jeremy Gregory
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
My ideal client is someone who is seeking support in navigating life's challenges and achieving a greater sense of self-awareness and emotional well-being. This individual might be struggling with anxiety, depression, or unresolved trauma, or they may be facing difficulties in relationships, career transitions, or managing life stress. They might also be seeking guidance in addressing patterns of negative thinking, low self-esteem, or overwhelming emotions that impact their daily lives
My ideal client is someone who is seeking support in navigating life's challenges and achieving a greater sense of self-awareness and emotional well-being. This individual might be struggling with anxiety, depression, or unresolved trauma, or they may be facing difficulties in relationships, career transitions, or managing life stress. They might also be seeking guidance in addressing patterns of negative thinking, low self-esteem, or overwhelming emotions that impact their daily lives
(530) 684-1837 View (530) 684-1837
Photo of Morgan Shaw, Psychologist, PsyD
Morgan Shaw
Psychologist, PsyD
Serves Area
I believe that we all experience our own unique traumas in life, and it's how we respond to them that shapes our view of the world and ourselves. I'm here to help you see things from a different lens, or perhaps just help you develop new ways of responding to your own individual experiences. Healing your traumas allows you to regain your sense of power and strengthen your sense of self. I take a holistic approach to healing and wellness and believe that each client requires a unique, person-centered approach.
I believe that we all experience our own unique traumas in life, and it's how we respond to them that shapes our view of the world and ourselves. I'm here to help you see things from a different lens, or perhaps just help you develop new ways of responding to your own individual experiences. Healing your traumas allows you to regain your sense of power and strengthen your sense of self. I take a holistic approach to healing and wellness and believe that each client requires a unique, person-centered approach.
(858) 437-5596 View (858) 437-5596
Photo of Shelley Stout, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Shelley Stout
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
Congratulations on beginning your journey of change. I am here to support you on your pathway to becoming the best version of yourself through open communication, identifying areas of need, creating effective coping skills, and learning strategies for change. I believe that every person is doing their best and can achieve personal goals with the guidance of therapy.
Congratulations on beginning your journey of change. I am here to support you on your pathway to becoming the best version of yourself through open communication, identifying areas of need, creating effective coping skills, and learning strategies for change. I believe that every person is doing their best and can achieve personal goals with the guidance of therapy.
(818) 722-6975 View (818) 722-6975
Photo of Laraine Lipori, Psychologist, PsyD
Laraine Lipori
Psychologist, PsyD
Serves Area
I'm a licensed Clinical Psychologist & Certified Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Specialist based in San Diego. I've been working for over 15 years in the fields of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology providing individual therapy, couples therapy, as well as psychological/neuropsychological evaluations to adolescents and adults. I specialize in providing cognitive behavioral therapy, combined with complimentary therapeutic approaches and techniques to help you uncover and correct long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling, meaningful and successful life.
I'm a licensed Clinical Psychologist & Certified Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Specialist based in San Diego. I've been working for over 15 years in the fields of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology providing individual therapy, couples therapy, as well as psychological/neuropsychological evaluations to adolescents and adults. I specialize in providing cognitive behavioral therapy, combined with complimentary therapeutic approaches and techniques to help you uncover and correct long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling, meaningful and successful life.
(858) 217-4142 View (858) 217-4142
Photo of Kimberlin Sanchez, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Kimberlin Sanchez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
NOW accepting clients to book within a week! I specialize in working with perfectionists, people-pleasers, and over-functioners (including neurodivergent and autistic adults) who feel exhausted from holding everything together. My clients overthink, overwork, and say yes when they want to say no. No matter how much they do, the anxiety, self-doubt, and pressure to perform never let up. They miss feeling present, connected, and like themself. In therapy, we’ll slow down, unpack what’s fueling your stress, and build tools that help you feel steadier, more self-assured, and genuinely at ease in
NOW accepting clients to book within a week! I specialize in working with perfectionists, people-pleasers, and over-functioners (including neurodivergent and autistic adults) who feel exhausted from holding everything together. My clients overthink, overwork, and say yes when they want to say no. No matter how much they do, the anxiety, self-doubt, and pressure to perform never let up. They miss feeling present, connected, and like themself. In therapy, we’ll slow down, unpack what’s fueling your stress, and build tools that help you feel steadier, more self-assured, and genuinely at ease in
(619) 492-5695 View (619) 492-5695
Photo of Denise Alba, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, E-RYT
Denise Alba
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, E-RYT
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Have you found yourself feeling more anxious or stressed? Maybe your body is speaking to you through headaches, stomach issues or illnesses and other practitioners can't seem to get it right. This is your sign to take control back with my Holistic approach to psychotherapy. Let me help guide you through this journey of finding empowerment to build a healthier version of yourself and in turn, healthier and more meaningful relationships.
Have you found yourself feeling more anxious or stressed? Maybe your body is speaking to you through headaches, stomach issues or illnesses and other practitioners can't seem to get it right. This is your sign to take control back with my Holistic approach to psychotherapy. Let me help guide you through this journey of finding empowerment to build a healthier version of yourself and in turn, healthier and more meaningful relationships.
(619) 361-7839 View (619) 361-7839
Photo of Jessica Mueller - Institute on Violence Abuse and Trauma (IVAT), Psychologist
Institute on Violence Abuse and Trauma (IVAT)
Psychologist
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
While we specialize in providing trauma-focused therapeutic services, we also cover a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, emotion dysregulation, and self-growth. We offer low-cost options so that our services are accessible to all and all of our treatment services are provided on a sliding scale based on income. Therapy is offered in both virtual and in-person settings. We also offer comprehensive psychological testing. IVAT also offers forensic services. The forensic team at IVAT serves clients who are involved in criminal, family, and civil cases involving a broad range of forensic issues (sexual or physical), including child custody, child abuse, family violence allegations, sexual assault, and trauma.
While we specialize in providing trauma-focused therapeutic services, we also cover a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, emotion dysregulation, and self-growth. We offer low-cost options so that our services are accessible to all and all of our treatment services are provided on a sliding scale based on income. Therapy is offered in both virtual and in-person settings. We also offer comprehensive psychological testing. IVAT also offers forensic services. The forensic team at IVAT serves clients who are involved in criminal, family, and civil cases involving a broad range of forensic issues (sexual or physical), including child custody, child abuse, family violence allegations, sexual assault, and trauma.
(858) 758-9509 View (858) 758-9509
Photo of David Peters, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
David Peters
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Whether you are looking for psychotherapy, family counseling or consultation on a life question, be assured you will be treated with the highest standard of care. I have extensive experience working with mental illness, life crisis, family dysfunction and challenges to personal growth. Presented with compassion and sensitivity, my approach utilizes only well-researched and proven methods of creating change and overcoming obstacles to your health and well being. Your treatment will be enriched by my experience working in hospitals, residential centers, schools and independent practice.
Whether you are looking for psychotherapy, family counseling or consultation on a life question, be assured you will be treated with the highest standard of care. I have extensive experience working with mental illness, life crisis, family dysfunction and challenges to personal growth. Presented with compassion and sensitivity, my approach utilizes only well-researched and proven methods of creating change and overcoming obstacles to your health and well being. Your treatment will be enriched by my experience working in hospitals, residential centers, schools and independent practice.
(619) 438-0976 View (619) 438-0976
Photo of Linda Collins, Psychologist, PhD
Linda Collins
Psychologist, PhD
Serves Area
I specialize in an integration of mind and body approaches for working with personal and relationship change. This might include learning mindful awareness practices, self-compassion, stress-reduction skills and approaches for working with negative thoughts and emotional reactivity. These practices are very helpful for clients working with issues such as anxiety, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress symptoms, depression, relationship issues, stress-related physical problems and life transitions. I work with couples to support improved communication, conflict resolution, reduced reactivity and improved emotional connection.
I specialize in an integration of mind and body approaches for working with personal and relationship change. This might include learning mindful awareness practices, self-compassion, stress-reduction skills and approaches for working with negative thoughts and emotional reactivity. These practices are very helpful for clients working with issues such as anxiety, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress symptoms, depression, relationship issues, stress-related physical problems and life transitions. I work with couples to support improved communication, conflict resolution, reduced reactivity and improved emotional connection.
(858) 201-4325 View (858) 201-4325
Photo of Cheri Themer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Cheri Themer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
Living with Complex PTSD, grief, depression, anxiety, or a combination thereof, can feel like you're carrying a heavy emotional weight that affects every part of your life. Whether it's flashbacks, overwhelming sadness and worry, intense stress and fear, or the numbness from trauma and depression, these feelings can make daily tasks feel insurmountable. My goal is to support you through these difficult emotions, helping you build internal strength, enhance your resilience, process losses, and manage depressive and anxiety symptoms. Your values, beliefs, and any cultural/religious/spiritual practices matter to me.
Living with Complex PTSD, grief, depression, anxiety, or a combination thereof, can feel like you're carrying a heavy emotional weight that affects every part of your life. Whether it's flashbacks, overwhelming sadness and worry, intense stress and fear, or the numbness from trauma and depression, these feelings can make daily tasks feel insurmountable. My goal is to support you through these difficult emotions, helping you build internal strength, enhance your resilience, process losses, and manage depressive and anxiety symptoms. Your values, beliefs, and any cultural/religious/spiritual practices matter to me.
(858) 533-1859 View (858) 533-1859
Photo of Melanie Scott, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Melanie Scott
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
I'm a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I work with adults and couples who are struggling & in search of practical solutions. If you feel stifled in your relationship by a lack of intimacy, infidelity, communication breakdowns, trust issues, or disconnection, we can tackle those problems, together. If you feel stuck in your own life because of anxiety, stress, loss, addiction, or low self-esteem, therapy can help you find relief too.
I'm a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I work with adults and couples who are struggling & in search of practical solutions. If you feel stifled in your relationship by a lack of intimacy, infidelity, communication breakdowns, trust issues, or disconnection, we can tackle those problems, together. If you feel stuck in your own life because of anxiety, stress, loss, addiction, or low self-esteem, therapy can help you find relief too.
(747) 977-9321 View (747) 977-9321
Photo of Trish Eileen Vernazza, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, ATR-BC
Trish Eileen Vernazza
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, ATR-BC
Serves Area
Trish Vernazza, M.A. is an experienced, caring professional who can assist you in achieving a fully integrated life by focusing on your strengths and potential. Achieving a healthy and positive balance in our lives is the key to understanding our own mental, emotional, spiritual, physical health along with personal relationships. My goal is to provide a safe, supportive, confidential environment while assisting you to experience, identify and understand the personal barriers which are getting in your way. Working with many clients of many ethnic and culture backgrounds and alternative lifestyles I provide a environment that helps develop personal insight.
Trish Vernazza, M.A. is an experienced, caring professional who can assist you in achieving a fully integrated life by focusing on your strengths and potential. Achieving a healthy and positive balance in our lives is the key to understanding our own mental, emotional, spiritual, physical health along with personal relationships. My goal is to provide a safe, supportive, confidential environment while assisting you to experience, identify and understand the personal barriers which are getting in your way. Working with many clients of many ethnic and culture backgrounds and alternative lifestyles I provide a environment that helps develop personal insight.
(760) 684-8302 View (760) 684-8302
Photo of Zach Stones, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Zach Stones
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
Are you interested in exploring yourself and your relationships? If you are feeling lonely, sad, worried, or just that your current life isn't meeting your potential, I would love to speak to you and explore how I might best be able to support you. Regardless of my expertise and experience, you are the expert on your own life and it's critical to me that our work together is collaborative and that you feel consistently heard and supported in our sessions.
Are you interested in exploring yourself and your relationships? If you are feeling lonely, sad, worried, or just that your current life isn't meeting your potential, I would love to speak to you and explore how I might best be able to support you. Regardless of my expertise and experience, you are the expert on your own life and it's critical to me that our work together is collaborative and that you feel consistently heard and supported in our sessions.
(619) 824-1246 View (619) 824-1246
Photo of Donna M. Starr - Individual & Family Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Individual & Family Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
I'm a therapist that specializes in helping people resolve relationship issues, depression and anxiety. I offer tools to help people develop coping skills to handle difficult situations and navigate through stressful life changes. I teach techniques to assist in effective communication, boundary setting, stress management and conflict resolution. I help clients to manage difficult emotions, overcome negative thinking, feel more confident, and create loving relationships. I work with adults, couples, adolescents, and families. I will return emails within 24 hours in regards to openings. Please provide your email address information.
I'm a therapist that specializes in helping people resolve relationship issues, depression and anxiety. I offer tools to help people develop coping skills to handle difficult situations and navigate through stressful life changes. I teach techniques to assist in effective communication, boundary setting, stress management and conflict resolution. I help clients to manage difficult emotions, overcome negative thinking, feel more confident, and create loving relationships. I work with adults, couples, adolescents, and families. I will return emails within 24 hours in regards to openings. Please provide your email address information.
(619) 419-0672 View (619) 419-0672
Photo of Wendy Hill, Pastoral Counselor, PhD
Wendy Hill
Pastoral Counselor, PhD
Serves Area
Hypnotherapy and psychotherapy. Inner child healing and core belief transformation. I specialize in identifying and transforming the subconscious self-defeating core beliefs that cause relationship/personal conflict, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, addiction, and general unhappiness for individuals and couples. Intuitive, compassionate, experienced. I focus on the root of the problem, not the just symptoms. Holistic focus on emotional and spiritual health and healing. Most sessions are two hours. One hour sessions are too short to make real progress. Over 40 years private practice.
Hypnotherapy and psychotherapy. Inner child healing and core belief transformation. I specialize in identifying and transforming the subconscious self-defeating core beliefs that cause relationship/personal conflict, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, addiction, and general unhappiness for individuals and couples. Intuitive, compassionate, experienced. I focus on the root of the problem, not the just symptoms. Holistic focus on emotional and spiritual health and healing. Most sessions are two hours. One hour sessions are too short to make real progress. Over 40 years private practice.
(760) 563-5268 View (760) 563-5268
Photo of Katie Tone, Psychologist, PsyD
Katie Tone
Psychologist, PsyD
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who takes an integrative and holistic approach to working with clients. With 25 years of experience, I work with individual adults and couples. I am certified and trained in nutrition and integrative medicine for mental health, yoga, and as a Complex Trauma Professional. Specializing in trauma and grief, I work with a wide variety of emotional, interpersonal, and spiritual struggles. I believe helping clients make connections with their mind – body – and spirit, as well as connections within themselves and with others creates the path to healing and living their most authentic life.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who takes an integrative and holistic approach to working with clients. With 25 years of experience, I work with individual adults and couples. I am certified and trained in nutrition and integrative medicine for mental health, yoga, and as a Complex Trauma Professional. Specializing in trauma and grief, I work with a wide variety of emotional, interpersonal, and spiritual struggles. I believe helping clients make connections with their mind – body – and spirit, as well as connections within themselves and with others creates the path to healing and living their most authentic life.
(858) 356-4863 View (858) 356-4863
Photo of Jordan Harber, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Jordan Harber
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
I work with adults navigating the challenges of impulsivity, identifying their emotions, and dealing with addictions of all kinds. Many of my clients feel stuck repeating the same cycles despite their best efforts to changes. I like to emphasize practical skills that anyone can implement when they are feeling overwhelmed or impulsive, and I am experienced with helping individuals with Autism (or ASD-like traits). I am certified to provide emotion regulation techniques, social-relational skills, and practical tools for organization for anyone with neurodivergence.
I work with adults navigating the challenges of impulsivity, identifying their emotions, and dealing with addictions of all kinds. Many of my clients feel stuck repeating the same cycles despite their best efforts to changes. I like to emphasize practical skills that anyone can implement when they are feeling overwhelmed or impulsive, and I am experienced with helping individuals with Autism (or ASD-like traits). I am certified to provide emotion regulation techniques, social-relational skills, and practical tools for organization for anyone with neurodivergence.
(858) 351-4292 View (858) 351-4292

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Allied Gardens, San Diego, CA

60+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Allied Gardens, San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
69% Grief
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
63% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

93% Aetna
86% Cigna and Evernorth
77% Optum

How Therapists in Allied Gardens, San Diego, CA see their clients

66% Online Only
34% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Allied Gardens, San Diego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.