Therapists in Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA

Photo of Annie Bailey, Psychologist, PhD
Annie Bailey
Psychologist, PhD
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
Annie Bailey is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2009. She received her PhD in Clinical Psychology from the California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University. Annie's overall treatment philosophy is that the purpose of treatment is to help people improve the quality and satisfaction they experience in their lives and improve the quality of their relationships with others.
Annie Bailey is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2009. She received her PhD in Clinical Psychology from the California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University. Annie's overall treatment philosophy is that the purpose of treatment is to help people improve the quality and satisfaction they experience in their lives and improve the quality of their relationships with others.
(323) 641-4552 View (323) 641-4552
Photo of Maureen Finn, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Maureen Finn
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
Maureen Finn is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2018. She has a Masters in Counseling Psychology and a BA in Psychology. Seeking therapy can be a vulnerable experience. Maureen provides a warm and safe environment for you to explore your history and the factors that bring you into therapy. She is passionate about helping individuals create desired change in their lives while developing self-compassion and self-acceptance.
Maureen Finn is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2018. She has a Masters in Counseling Psychology and a BA in Psychology. Seeking therapy can be a vulnerable experience. Maureen provides a warm and safe environment for you to explore your history and the factors that bring you into therapy. She is passionate about helping individuals create desired change in their lives while developing self-compassion and self-acceptance.
(916) 619-2979 View (916) 619-2979
Photo of Catherine McGovern, Psychologist, PsyD, RN
Catherine McGovern
Psychologist, PsyD, RN
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
Even happily anticipated life events can challenge your coping skills, resulting in feelings of overwhelm or confusion. An objective ear and a kind heart may be the support you need to help you regain your footing. I work with both men and women who have endured a difficult pregnancy or childbirth, or whose past may be affecting how they are experiencing pregnancy or parenting. Other areas of focus: Children experiencing grief and loss; Adolescents exploring gender, sexuality, autonomy, and next steps after high school; Helping professionals struggling with self-care; Graduate students balancing academic and personal life.
Even happily anticipated life events can challenge your coping skills, resulting in feelings of overwhelm or confusion. An objective ear and a kind heart may be the support you need to help you regain your footing. I work with both men and women who have endured a difficult pregnancy or childbirth, or whose past may be affecting how they are experiencing pregnancy or parenting. Other areas of focus: Children experiencing grief and loss; Adolescents exploring gender, sexuality, autonomy, and next steps after high school; Helping professionals struggling with self-care; Graduate students balancing academic and personal life.
(831) 219-4114 View (831) 219-4114
Photo of Marla McMahon, Psychologist, PsyD
Marla McMahon
Psychologist, PsyD
2 Endorsed
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
Are you struggling with anxiety, trauma or grief? Are you dealing with a past issues that continue to affect your day to day and relationships? As an experienced psychologist of 25+ years, I’ve helped clients (children & adults) in dealing with life’s challenges. As a meditation/yoga teacher & therapist, I often blend psychology with holistic practices to assist clients in managing through tough times. Treatment typically begins with traditional psychotherapy but can also include somatic therapies eg, meditation, breathwork or brainspotting.
Are you struggling with anxiety, trauma or grief? Are you dealing with a past issues that continue to affect your day to day and relationships? As an experienced psychologist of 25+ years, I’ve helped clients (children & adults) in dealing with life’s challenges. As a meditation/yoga teacher & therapist, I often blend psychology with holistic practices to assist clients in managing through tough times. Treatment typically begins with traditional psychotherapy but can also include somatic therapies eg, meditation, breathwork or brainspotting.
(916) 544-4245 View (916) 544-4245
Photo of Tracy Moore, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Tracy Moore
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
With more than 25 years in the helping profession, I am honored to help create a safe place for you to come and not only feel supported but also address change and grow. It takes a great deal of courage to seek help and I can help you to find your strength to heal and meet your goals.
With more than 25 years in the helping profession, I am honored to help create a safe place for you to come and not only feel supported but also address change and grow. It takes a great deal of courage to seek help and I can help you to find your strength to heal and meet your goals.
(916) 507-1503 View (916) 507-1503
Photo of Jinnie Martinusen, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Jinnie Martinusen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
2 Endorsed
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
Congratulations on taking this first step towards re-authoring your life. In my practice I avoid labeling as much as possible, as the negative labels we assign ourselves often hold us back. I have a diverse experience and have found that it is important for me to be diverse with my approach. I will meet you where you are and be creative with my interventions. You are unique and so our work together shall be. Come as you are and without judgments we will move you on the path of health and wellness towards your goals.
Congratulations on taking this first step towards re-authoring your life. In my practice I avoid labeling as much as possible, as the negative labels we assign ourselves often hold us back. I have a diverse experience and have found that it is important for me to be diverse with my approach. I will meet you where you are and be creative with my interventions. You are unique and so our work together shall be. Come as you are and without judgments we will move you on the path of health and wellness towards your goals.
(916) 919-8857 View (916) 919-8857
Photo of Colleen Tweed Wong, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PMH-C
Colleen Tweed Wong
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PMH-C
2 Endorsed
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
Please email for the fastest response. Colleen Tweed Wong, LMFT, specializes in perinatal mood and anxiety disorders and supports individuals through self-compassion and resilience. She has researched maternal mental health at UC Davis and is certified by Postpartum Support International in Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders. Colleen also helps intentionally and unintentionally single individuals cope with modern dating, break-ups, divorce, or embrace the unpartnered lifestyle while improving their self-relationships and living more intentionally.
Please email for the fastest response. Colleen Tweed Wong, LMFT, specializes in perinatal mood and anxiety disorders and supports individuals through self-compassion and resilience. She has researched maternal mental health at UC Davis and is certified by Postpartum Support International in Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders. Colleen also helps intentionally and unintentionally single individuals cope with modern dating, break-ups, divorce, or embrace the unpartnered lifestyle while improving their self-relationships and living more intentionally.
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Photo of Dana Ferry, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Dana Ferry
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
Hello! My name is Dana Ferry, Licensed Marriage Family Therapist. I have found for myself an incredible benefit in scientifically proven healing therapies such as meditation and EMDR to treat trauma. This is why I went back to school, so I could study for myself the science of healing and help others heal as well. There is a lot in life to process, anxiety, grief, depression, intergenerational trauma as well as physical and emotional pain.
Hello! My name is Dana Ferry, Licensed Marriage Family Therapist. I have found for myself an incredible benefit in scientifically proven healing therapies such as meditation and EMDR to treat trauma. This is why I went back to school, so I could study for myself the science of healing and help others heal as well. There is a lot in life to process, anxiety, grief, depression, intergenerational trauma as well as physical and emotional pain.
(916) 794-7751 View (916) 794-7751
Photo of Sue Goetz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sue Goetz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
20 Endorsed
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
Prompt appointment availability for Teens, Adults, & EMDR (starting 12/1/2025), convenient weekday daytime & evening hours. I’m an experienced, licensed psychotherapist whose been in full-time private practice since 2008. Therapy can help with the things that are bothering you or that are holding you back from how you want your life to be. When we meet, I listen to you, ask questions, & help guide you on a path toward solutions in a way that resonates with you. I can help you see difficult issues in a new light, find solutions that may have escaped your notice, & increase fulfillment in your relationships and life.
Prompt appointment availability for Teens, Adults, & EMDR (starting 12/1/2025), convenient weekday daytime & evening hours. I’m an experienced, licensed psychotherapist whose been in full-time private practice since 2008. Therapy can help with the things that are bothering you or that are holding you back from how you want your life to be. When we meet, I listen to you, ask questions, & help guide you on a path toward solutions in a way that resonates with you. I can help you see difficult issues in a new light, find solutions that may have escaped your notice, & increase fulfillment in your relationships and life.
(916) 764-8360 View (916) 764-8360
Photo of Laurie Beth Richardson, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Laurie Beth Richardson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
1 Endorsed
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
The idea that one learns by experiencing and is truly capable of making the necessary shifts in their lives is a mantra I live by. When one person mirrors another with gentle listening, others are able to clearly see what no longer works in their lives. Ingrained habits coming from difficult childhoods could be the very source of havoc, that with conscious awareness, can shift. Perhaps the way one communicates is keeping love from flowing in your life. Maybe parenting a child who reminds you of yourself means confronting yourself on a deeply personal level. Or perhaps it is simply a life transition that is simply too much.
The idea that one learns by experiencing and is truly capable of making the necessary shifts in their lives is a mantra I live by. When one person mirrors another with gentle listening, others are able to clearly see what no longer works in their lives. Ingrained habits coming from difficult childhoods could be the very source of havoc, that with conscious awareness, can shift. Perhaps the way one communicates is keeping love from flowing in your life. Maybe parenting a child who reminds you of yourself means confronting yourself on a deeply personal level. Or perhaps it is simply a life transition that is simply too much.
(916) 249-5182 View (916) 249-5182
Photo of Juan Gomez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Juan Gomez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
Congratulations! You have Chosen to make one of the bravest and most difficult decisions we can make as human beings; to take charge of your mental health. Here to help guide you through that journey of healing and acceptance is Juan Gomez. Juan is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 5 Years of experience as a therapist treating ailments such as ADHD, Anxiety/Panic disorders, Behavioral Issues, Developmental Disabilities, Depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Sexual and Physical Abuse and childhood Traumas. Juan also specializes family dysfunction and familial Relationships and works with clients 12+ years.
Congratulations! You have Chosen to make one of the bravest and most difficult decisions we can make as human beings; to take charge of your mental health. Here to help guide you through that journey of healing and acceptance is Juan Gomez. Juan is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 5 Years of experience as a therapist treating ailments such as ADHD, Anxiety/Panic disorders, Behavioral Issues, Developmental Disabilities, Depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Sexual and Physical Abuse and childhood Traumas. Juan also specializes family dysfunction and familial Relationships and works with clients 12+ years.
(916) 347-9499 View (916) 347-9499
Photo of Damian Sandoval, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Damian Sandoval
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
Damian S. Sandoval is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California who has been practicing since 2015. Damian offers a safe, non-judgmental space for individuals and couples to explore the current life challenges they are experiencing. Damian considers himself an empath and has had many negative experiences himself, so he feels that he can closely relate to and understand what his clients might be experiencing. That is not to say that Damian knows exactly what is going on in his client’s mind, as he does not believe it is fair to compare traumas/stressors or experiences.
Damian S. Sandoval is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California who has been practicing since 2015. Damian offers a safe, non-judgmental space for individuals and couples to explore the current life challenges they are experiencing. Damian considers himself an empath and has had many negative experiences himself, so he feels that he can closely relate to and understand what his clients might be experiencing. That is not to say that Damian knows exactly what is going on in his client’s mind, as he does not believe it is fair to compare traumas/stressors or experiences.
(916) 775-0790 View (916) 775-0790
Photo of Mauricio Vargas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Mauricio Vargas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
If you are going through a difficult time in your life, or struggling with intense feelings of sadness, worry, or shame, I can help you. I specialize in helping people overcome the challenges that they face and becoming a healthier version of themselves. Through therapy, people can overcome self-destructive behaviors and habits and improve their relationships with others. I have worked with a number of different methodologies and techniques, allowing me to tailor my approach to meet the needs of each client.
If you are going through a difficult time in your life, or struggling with intense feelings of sadness, worry, or shame, I can help you. I specialize in helping people overcome the challenges that they face and becoming a healthier version of themselves. Through therapy, people can overcome self-destructive behaviors and habits and improve their relationships with others. I have worked with a number of different methodologies and techniques, allowing me to tailor my approach to meet the needs of each client.
(916) 634-0106 View (916) 634-0106
Photo of Mandy Sun, Counselor, LPCC
Mandy Sun
Counselor, LPCC
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
Mandy Sun is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in California who has been practicing since 2019. She graduated from San Francisco State University with a degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Mandy uses a personcentered, strengthsbased, and collaborative approach to provide a nonjudgmental, safe space for clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Outside of work, Mandy likes to read fantasy/scifi books, take walks outside in nature, and put together jigsaw puzzles.
Mandy Sun is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in California who has been practicing since 2019. She graduated from San Francisco State University with a degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Mandy uses a personcentered, strengthsbased, and collaborative approach to provide a nonjudgmental, safe space for clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Outside of work, Mandy likes to read fantasy/scifi books, take walks outside in nature, and put together jigsaw puzzles.
(916) 794-8403 View (916) 794-8403
Photo of Anne Caulley, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Anne Caulley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
I believe that the relationship between therapist and client is key to creating meaningful change, and I strive to make therapy a safe, non-judgmental space where you feel empowered to explore, grow, and get to know yourself better. I came into this field of work because I am passionate about helping people navigate life challenges, to embrace their own true selves and live authentically. That is not easy to do in this world. My therapeutic style is warm, client centered, and collaborative. I will work along with the client to customize sessions to support needs and goals of treatment.
I believe that the relationship between therapist and client is key to creating meaningful change, and I strive to make therapy a safe, non-judgmental space where you feel empowered to explore, grow, and get to know yourself better. I came into this field of work because I am passionate about helping people navigate life challenges, to embrace their own true selves and live authentically. That is not easy to do in this world. My therapeutic style is warm, client centered, and collaborative. I will work along with the client to customize sessions to support needs and goals of treatment.
(916) 659-8586 View (916) 659-8586
Photo of Katherine (Kitta) MacMorris, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Katherine (Kitta) MacMorris
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
I see therapy as a space for healing and growth. As a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I support clients in navigating life transitions, making meaning, reducing stress, and improving connections in their lives with authenticity and grace. In my work, I offer a new perspective through a collaborative therapeutic relationship. My style is warm, playful, supportive, and client-centered.
I see therapy as a space for healing and growth. As a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I support clients in navigating life transitions, making meaning, reducing stress, and improving connections in their lives with authenticity and grace. In my work, I offer a new perspective through a collaborative therapeutic relationship. My style is warm, playful, supportive, and client-centered.
(916) 461-7322 View (916) 461-7322
Photo of Sophia Miller, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Sophia Miller
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
1 Endorsed
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
I have extensive experience working with OCD and anxiety disorders. I also deliver therapy to many clients from the LGBTQ+ population and enjoy providing quality care to diverse communities. My foundation is in cognitive behavioral therapy, meaning that I believe the way we think about ourselves, and the world has a significant impact on our lives.
I have extensive experience working with OCD and anxiety disorders. I also deliver therapy to many clients from the LGBTQ+ population and enjoy providing quality care to diverse communities. My foundation is in cognitive behavioral therapy, meaning that I believe the way we think about ourselves, and the world has a significant impact on our lives.
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Photo of Amber Cation, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Amber Cation
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
Amber has a passion for helping clients learn ways to cope with feelings of distress and overcome various challenges. She is determined to help clients overcome challenges through a process of gaining awareness, identifying and building on strengths, and learning new strategies to achieve their individual goals. Amber has experience in cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and mindfulness. She strives to create a space that provides non-judgmental care, acceptance, genuineness, and compassion. Outside of work, Amber enjoys doing CrossFit.
Amber has a passion for helping clients learn ways to cope with feelings of distress and overcome various challenges. She is determined to help clients overcome challenges through a process of gaining awareness, identifying and building on strengths, and learning new strategies to achieve their individual goals. Amber has experience in cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and mindfulness. She strives to create a space that provides non-judgmental care, acceptance, genuineness, and compassion. Outside of work, Amber enjoys doing CrossFit.
(916) 249-7398 View (916) 249-7398
Photo of Sunum Jamall, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Sunum Jamall
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
Sunum Jamall is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2021. She earned her Master of Science in Clinical Psychology from Notre Dame de Namur University, and also earned a Bachelor’s of Psychology from UC Davis. Sunum provides therapy with compassion, empathy, and patience. Her approach to therapy makes sure that the client feels empowered, understood, and heard. Outside of work, Sunum enjoys going for walks, going to the beach, traveling, and hiking.
Sunum Jamall is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2021. She earned her Master of Science in Clinical Psychology from Notre Dame de Namur University, and also earned a Bachelor’s of Psychology from UC Davis. Sunum provides therapy with compassion, empathy, and patience. Her approach to therapy makes sure that the client feels empowered, understood, and heard. Outside of work, Sunum enjoys going for walks, going to the beach, traveling, and hiking.
(916) 633-6210 View (916) 633-6210
Photo of Kathryn Taylor, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, SEP
Kathryn Taylor
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, SEP
Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA 95825
The search for a therapist often begins at the point when the pain and struggle outweigh the capacity to cope on your own. Whether the search for a therapist is for yourself or your child, to work on a specific challenge or to work through years of challenges, finding relief from the pain and struggle and a path for growth is often the end goal. My intention is to function as a compassionate guide to find the answers within you, perhaps buried under stress and trauma responses which allowed you to survive to this point in your journey.
The search for a therapist often begins at the point when the pain and struggle outweigh the capacity to cope on your own. Whether the search for a therapist is for yourself or your child, to work on a specific challenge or to work through years of challenges, finding relief from the pain and struggle and a path for growth is often the end goal. My intention is to function as a compassionate guide to find the answers within you, perhaps buried under stress and trauma responses which allowed you to survive to this point in your journey.
(530) 232-4799 View (530) 232-4799

See more therapy options for Campus Commons, Sacramento

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
75% Life Transitions
71% Relationship Issues
69% Stress
65% Trauma and PTSD
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Aetna
73% Other
66% Blue Shield

How Therapists in Campus Commons, Sacramento, CA see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
13% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Campus Commons, Sacramento?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.