Therapists in Sacramento, CA

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Photo of Kayla Cha, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Kayla Cha
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
5 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
I work with adults, teens, couples, and families who feel weighed down and consumed by experiences that continue to shape their daily lives. Many clients often come to me carrying something that feels like a “10” on impact - overwhelming, consuming, and hard to quiet. I take a collaborative approach to help make that weight more manageable. Therapy is not about fixing who you are, but creating space to process, grow, and move towards balance. I provide tools that support healing, clarity, and meaningful, lasting change. In our work, you’ll gain practical skills and see measurable progress toward the goals that matter most to you.
I work with adults, teens, couples, and families who feel weighed down and consumed by experiences that continue to shape their daily lives. Many clients often come to me carrying something that feels like a “10” on impact - overwhelming, consuming, and hard to quiet. I take a collaborative approach to help make that weight more manageable. Therapy is not about fixing who you are, but creating space to process, grow, and move towards balance. I provide tools that support healing, clarity, and meaningful, lasting change. In our work, you’ll gain practical skills and see measurable progress toward the goals that matter most to you.
(916) 232-7760 View (916) 232-7760
Photo of Kathleen Oravec, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Kathleen Oravec
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Are you and your partner having trouble communicating without dissolving into conflict that seems to never get resolved? Are you tired of feeling anxious and walking on egeshells? Do you have difficulty expressing yourself and getting your needs met? Do you often end up in the same relationship rut without being able to find a way out of an unsatisfying cycle of blame and regret?
Are you and your partner having trouble communicating without dissolving into conflict that seems to never get resolved? Are you tired of feeling anxious and walking on egeshells? Do you have difficulty expressing yourself and getting your needs met? Do you often end up in the same relationship rut without being able to find a way out of an unsatisfying cycle of blame and regret?
(916) 546-1493 View (916) 546-1493
Photo of Stephen Smoker, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, MS
Stephen Smoker
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, MS
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95814
Accepting New Clients EMDR & Brainspotting As a firefighter and therapist with over 15 years in emergency services, including experience as a paramedic and full time firefighter, I understand the unique weight that comes with high intensity work: the stress, fatigue, constant pressure to keep going, and the impact it can have on relationships, identity, and overall well being. You don’t have to carry it alone. I provide a down to earth, nonjudgmental space where your story matters, your strengths are respected, and our work together focuses on resilience, clarity, healing, and meaningful change.
Accepting New Clients EMDR & Brainspotting As a firefighter and therapist with over 15 years in emergency services, including experience as a paramedic and full time firefighter, I understand the unique weight that comes with high intensity work: the stress, fatigue, constant pressure to keep going, and the impact it can have on relationships, identity, and overall well being. You don’t have to carry it alone. I provide a down to earth, nonjudgmental space where your story matters, your strengths are respected, and our work together focuses on resilience, clarity, healing, and meaningful change.
(916) 244-0885 View (916) 244-0885
Photo of Leola Taylor, Pre-Licensed Professional, AMFT, APCC
Leola Taylor
Pre-Licensed Professional, AMFT, APCC
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I am a Mental Health Clinician seeking to meet everyone where they are in a culturally sensitive manner. I have nearly 20 years of experience serving populations of a variety of ages, orientations, economic classes, etc. My professional experience was obtained working in trauma-informed residential treatment programs and crisis intervention in Northern California. I am highly motivated to assist everyone with finding the strength they possess within. I celebrate diversity, value fairness, and advocate for mental wellness. I believe that everyone has the right to be themselves. If there is anyway I can help you, please reach out.
I am a Mental Health Clinician seeking to meet everyone where they are in a culturally sensitive manner. I have nearly 20 years of experience serving populations of a variety of ages, orientations, economic classes, etc. My professional experience was obtained working in trauma-informed residential treatment programs and crisis intervention in Northern California. I am highly motivated to assist everyone with finding the strength they possess within. I celebrate diversity, value fairness, and advocate for mental wellness. I believe that everyone has the right to be themselves. If there is anyway I can help you, please reach out.
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Photo of Nicole Kerbo Robbins, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Nicole Kerbo Robbins
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Sacramento, CA 95816
I offer a supportive, calm space to examine your concerns and work towards meaningful change and contentment. Perhaps you’re struggling with complicated relationships, overwhelm, or desire for more connection and intimacy. My approach is warm, thoughtful, and non-judgemental. I will listen with care and encourage self-compassion and openness to understand your inner world, find healing, and begin a new path.
I offer a supportive, calm space to examine your concerns and work towards meaningful change and contentment. Perhaps you’re struggling with complicated relationships, overwhelm, or desire for more connection and intimacy. My approach is warm, thoughtful, and non-judgemental. I will listen with care and encourage self-compassion and openness to understand your inner world, find healing, and begin a new path.
(916) 296-3003 View (916) 296-3003
Photo of Angela Moss-Burns, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Angela Moss-Burns
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My name is Angela Moss-Burns, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor 16830. My approach to therapy is providing a safe, non-judgmental, and empathetic space. It is important for me to build a strong rapport with my clients. My area of focus is with young adults (18-30s) and elders. I mostly use CBT, DBT, solution-focused, and person-centered therapy. I also utilize Brainspotting, a trauma therapy.
My name is Angela Moss-Burns, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor 16830. My approach to therapy is providing a safe, non-judgmental, and empathetic space. It is important for me to build a strong rapport with my clients. My area of focus is with young adults (18-30s) and elders. I mostly use CBT, DBT, solution-focused, and person-centered therapy. I also utilize Brainspotting, a trauma therapy.
(747) 588-7136 View (747) 588-7136
Photo of Evelyn Felix, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Evelyn Felix
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Waitlist for new clients
Even thoughts that aren’t true can still cause real pain—but they don’t have to control your life. I work with teens (13+), emerging adults, couples, and adults who feel lost, disconnected, or unsure of their next steps. My clients often navigate identity exploration, low self-esteem, life transitions, relationship challenges, ADHD, anxiety, depression, or loneliness. As a multiracial Asian American therapist, I’m especially passionate about supporting biracial and multiracial individuals exploring identity, belonging, and self-definition. I also work with former athletes and dancers adjusting to life beyond their sport.
Even thoughts that aren’t true can still cause real pain—but they don’t have to control your life. I work with teens (13+), emerging adults, couples, and adults who feel lost, disconnected, or unsure of their next steps. My clients often navigate identity exploration, low self-esteem, life transitions, relationship challenges, ADHD, anxiety, depression, or loneliness. As a multiracial Asian American therapist, I’m especially passionate about supporting biracial and multiracial individuals exploring identity, belonging, and self-definition. I also work with former athletes and dancers adjusting to life beyond their sport.
(530) 490-5632 View (530) 490-5632
Photo of Veronica Calkins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Veronica Calkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sacramento, CA 95825
We offer therapy for Pacific Mind Health patients who are also receiving care through our medication management program, providing a connected and supportive treatment experience. Veronica Calkins is a licensed clinical social worker specializing in trauma, crisis, grief, anxiety, and relationships. She is trained in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and family and couples therapy. She is certified in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and deep-brain theta stimulation.
We offer therapy for Pacific Mind Health patients who are also receiving care through our medication management program, providing a connected and supportive treatment experience. Veronica Calkins is a licensed clinical social worker specializing in trauma, crisis, grief, anxiety, and relationships. She is trained in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and family and couples therapy. She is certified in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and deep-brain theta stimulation.
(562) 268-1415 View (562) 268-1415
Photo of Carisa Sherwood - Life Practice Counseling Group, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Life Practice Counseling Group
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Sacramento, CA 95821
We are a non-profit counseling agency that offers our fees on a sliding scale ranging from $40 - $130 based on monthly income or your ability to pay. We are open days, evenings, and weekends 7 days a week from 9am - 9pm. We have a diverse staff that you can see on our website at LifePractice.org. We are also conducting Free Groups (DBT Skills and a LGBTQ+/Neurodivergent).
We are a non-profit counseling agency that offers our fees on a sliding scale ranging from $40 - $130 based on monthly income or your ability to pay. We are open days, evenings, and weekends 7 days a week from 9am - 9pm. We have a diverse staff that you can see on our website at LifePractice.org. We are also conducting Free Groups (DBT Skills and a LGBTQ+/Neurodivergent).
(916) 525-8632 View (916) 525-8632
Photo of Alcira Ascencio, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Alcira Ascencio
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You made the decision to look for a therapist, nice! Whether this is your first time wondering into the world of therapy, it's time for an emotional tune-up, or the pain of what happened has grown to be too much, I am truly happy you are reaching out. I deeply believe that it is within safe relationships that we can attain our greatest insights and have the most healing experiences. So if you, or a loved one, is struggling with anxiety, difficult memories, nightmares, ongoing worries, deep sadness, stuck in patterns that no longer serve your goals, or find yourself acting in ways that sabotage your present, then I can help.
You made the decision to look for a therapist, nice! Whether this is your first time wondering into the world of therapy, it's time for an emotional tune-up, or the pain of what happened has grown to be too much, I am truly happy you are reaching out. I deeply believe that it is within safe relationships that we can attain our greatest insights and have the most healing experiences. So if you, or a loved one, is struggling with anxiety, difficult memories, nightmares, ongoing worries, deep sadness, stuck in patterns that no longer serve your goals, or find yourself acting in ways that sabotage your present, then I can help.
(916) 589-6114 View (916) 589-6114
Photo of Penelope Chui, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC, NCC, CCMHC
Penelope Chui
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC, NCC, CCMHC
Sacramento, CA 95822
Having difficulties in your life? Experiencing emotional distress? Having relationship, family or work difficulties? Feeling anxious and overwhelmed with the demands from your spouse, children and boss? Finding you and your spouse get stuck in negative communication patterns? Are you and your family feel difficulty facing emotional, spiritual, social and physical changes or limitations? Cancer knocks at your door. You feel sacred, overwhelmed and don't know what will happen to you. As an experienced Marriage & Family Therapist, I will work with you to undergo the challenges affecting your body, mind, family, career and every aspect of your life.
Having difficulties in your life? Experiencing emotional distress? Having relationship, family or work difficulties? Feeling anxious and overwhelmed with the demands from your spouse, children and boss? Finding you and your spouse get stuck in negative communication patterns? Are you and your family feel difficulty facing emotional, spiritual, social and physical changes or limitations? Cancer knocks at your door. You feel sacred, overwhelmed and don't know what will happen to you. As an experienced Marriage & Family Therapist, I will work with you to undergo the challenges affecting your body, mind, family, career and every aspect of your life.
(916) 546-1120 View (916) 546-1120
Photo of Rachel Hutchings, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Rachel Hutchings
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi! My name is Rachel Hutchings, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in California. I’m here to support you as you move toward healing, growth, and deeper self-understanding. We all want to feel seen and accepted for who we truly are, and my goal is to offer a non-judgmental space where you can show up authentically and feel heard. My approach to therapy is grounded in empathy, openness, and respect for your unique story, with a strong belief that you are the expert on your own life.
Hi! My name is Rachel Hutchings, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in California. I’m here to support you as you move toward healing, growth, and deeper self-understanding. We all want to feel seen and accepted for who we truly are, and my goal is to offer a non-judgmental space where you can show up authentically and feel heard. My approach to therapy is grounded in empathy, openness, and respect for your unique story, with a strong belief that you are the expert on your own life.
(916) 545-8068 View (916) 545-8068
Photo of Victoria Vorpagel, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Victoria Vorpagel
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hi there, I'm Victoria! Many people tell me that they have tried a lot of therapists before finding me. I believe this is because, in addition to being warm, friendly, and personable is readily apparent to clients that I bring a wealth of both personal and professional experience and that I "walk the walk." Clients feel seen, held, and understood, and this provides a safe and nurturing space in which clients can uncover and ultimately heal.
Hi there, I'm Victoria! Many people tell me that they have tried a lot of therapists before finding me. I believe this is because, in addition to being warm, friendly, and personable is readily apparent to clients that I bring a wealth of both personal and professional experience and that I "walk the walk." Clients feel seen, held, and understood, and this provides a safe and nurturing space in which clients can uncover and ultimately heal.
(213) 894-9842 View (213) 894-9842
Photo of Catherine Cale, MA, EdS, PPS, LEP
Catherine Cale
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95818
As a practicing School Psychologist and Licensed Educational Psychologist with over 15 years of experience supporting students, families, and schools, I founded Headstrong Educational Psychology on the principle that all children have unique strengths and learning styles. Through strength-based psychoeducational assessment, I help students understand how they learn, empower families, and develop solutions so students of all ages can thrive at school with confidence. I believe students learn best in a supportive and nurturing environment where their strengths, learning styles, and needs are understood. ​​
As a practicing School Psychologist and Licensed Educational Psychologist with over 15 years of experience supporting students, families, and schools, I founded Headstrong Educational Psychology on the principle that all children have unique strengths and learning styles. Through strength-based psychoeducational assessment, I help students understand how they learn, empower families, and develop solutions so students of all ages can thrive at school with confidence. I believe students learn best in a supportive and nurturing environment where their strengths, learning styles, and needs are understood. ​​
(916) 252-4727 View (916) 252-4727
Photo of Ramon Martinez, Psychologist, PsyD
Ramon Martinez
Psychologist, PsyD
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Are you feeling disconnected from the world around you? Are you struggling with anxiety or depression? Would you like to feel greater peace, more connected, and content? If so, I'd like to be a resource for you. I help my patients uncover inherent knowledge, increase self-awareness, and develop skills that lend to living a more satisfying and purposeful life. I approach work with each patient as an individual, tailoring treatment to their specific needs. I use an integrative approach and draw on several modalities, including psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, and interpersonal therapies.
Are you feeling disconnected from the world around you? Are you struggling with anxiety or depression? Would you like to feel greater peace, more connected, and content? If so, I'd like to be a resource for you. I help my patients uncover inherent knowledge, increase self-awareness, and develop skills that lend to living a more satisfying and purposeful life. I approach work with each patient as an individual, tailoring treatment to their specific needs. I use an integrative approach and draw on several modalities, including psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, and interpersonal therapies.
(916) 957-1303 View (916) 957-1303
Photo of Brandy Dunn - Sacramento Psychology, Psychologist, PsyD
Sacramento Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Online Only
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
(916) 269-5112 View (916) 269-5112
Photo of Crystal Harper, Pastoral Counselor, DMinCC, LCPC, CTSS, PhD
Crystal Harper
Pastoral Counselor, DMinCC, LCPC, CTSS, PhD
Online Only
Life can become overwhelming, even the simplest moments can feel heavy. Anxiety, depression, trauma, abuse, and emotional pain have a way of stealing your sense of peace, disrupting your relationships, and making you feel disconnected from the person you want to be. If you are carrying burdens that feel too heavy to manage alone, you are not failing — you are human. And you deserve a safe, supportive space to heal, rebuild, and rediscover your strength. My practice is built on the belief that every person has the capacity for growth, and transformation when they are met with compassion, and understanding. Start healing today!
Life can become overwhelming, even the simplest moments can feel heavy. Anxiety, depression, trauma, abuse, and emotional pain have a way of stealing your sense of peace, disrupting your relationships, and making you feel disconnected from the person you want to be. If you are carrying burdens that feel too heavy to manage alone, you are not failing — you are human. And you deserve a safe, supportive space to heal, rebuild, and rediscover your strength. My practice is built on the belief that every person has the capacity for growth, and transformation when they are met with compassion, and understanding. Start healing today!
(916) 579-7621 View (916) 579-7621
Photo of Enid Wilson, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Enid Wilson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
5 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
I am passionate about helping clients reconnect with themselves and move forward from trauma or hurtful relationships with a sense of strength, self-confidence, and healthy coping skills. I work with individuals (ages 10+) and couples who are healing from a harmful event or relationship, struggling with a sense of self and satisfaction, or want to gain insight into themselves and their relationships. Together we can work toward more self-awareness, satisfaction, and stronger communication skills while decreasing the negative effects of stress and conflict.
I am passionate about helping clients reconnect with themselves and move forward from trauma or hurtful relationships with a sense of strength, self-confidence, and healthy coping skills. I work with individuals (ages 10+) and couples who are healing from a harmful event or relationship, struggling with a sense of self and satisfaction, or want to gain insight into themselves and their relationships. Together we can work toward more self-awareness, satisfaction, and stronger communication skills while decreasing the negative effects of stress and conflict.
(916) 892-0329 View (916) 892-0329
Photo of Aaron Horne, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, APCC
Aaron Horne
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, APCC
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95815
I strongly believe clients are the experts in their own experience and that their thoughts, feelings, and beliefs should be valued as such. In working together we will aim to find a deeper awareness and understanding of your personal value system, and explore how living in alignment with those values can create motivation to take appropriate action that promotes optimal mental-emotional health. We can explore how your current strengths (talents, relationships, resources, and community connections) can be used to support your goals for improved living and functioning.
I strongly believe clients are the experts in their own experience and that their thoughts, feelings, and beliefs should be valued as such. In working together we will aim to find a deeper awareness and understanding of your personal value system, and explore how living in alignment with those values can create motivation to take appropriate action that promotes optimal mental-emotional health. We can explore how your current strengths (talents, relationships, resources, and community connections) can be used to support your goals for improved living and functioning.
(916) 354-6531 View (916) 354-6531
Photo of Michael Green, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Michael Green
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a licensed therapist with over 20 years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families. My expertise includes anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship challenges. I hold a master's degree in clinical psychology and have advanced training in cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based approaches, also tailored to the unique experiences of ethnic minority communities.
I am a licensed therapist with over 20 years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families. My expertise includes anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship challenges. I hold a master's degree in clinical psychology and have advanced training in cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based approaches, also tailored to the unique experiences of ethnic minority communities.
(916) 414-9069 View (916) 414-9069

See more therapy options for Sacramento

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sacramento, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Sacramento, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
92% Social Anxiety
92% Health Anxiety
92% Driving Anxiety
84% Depression
70% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
65% Cigna and Evernorth
57% Anthem

How Therapists in Sacramento, CA see their clients

53% Online Only
47% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sacramento?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.