Therapists in Sacramento, CA

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Photo of Dr. Rachel Mapenzi, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Rachel Mapenzi
Psychologist, PhD
3 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Hello, I currently offer telehealth and in-person services for adults seeking individual therapy (telehealth only in NE). I have a collaborative and compassionate approach to therapy. I am an authentic, down-to-earth person who wants to empower each client. I feel very honored to hear each person's story, help them work towards their goals, and love themselves as a whole person.
Hello, I currently offer telehealth and in-person services for adults seeking individual therapy (telehealth only in NE). I have a collaborative and compassionate approach to therapy. I am an authentic, down-to-earth person who wants to empower each client. I feel very honored to hear each person's story, help them work towards their goals, and love themselves as a whole person.
(916) 891-1644 View (916) 891-1644
Photo of Lily Spitzen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lily Spitzen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95827
If you’re feeling stuck in cycles around food and body image, you're definitely not alone. Many of the people I work with feel discouraged by what seems like a never-ending battle against themselves, their eating disorder behaviors, and sometimes even their treatment providers. They are often searching for a way to approach recovery that feels individualized and sustainable. As an eating disorder therapist, I attempt to provide a safe and non-punitive space for clients to discover what recovery looks like for them.
If you’re feeling stuck in cycles around food and body image, you're definitely not alone. Many of the people I work with feel discouraged by what seems like a never-ending battle against themselves, their eating disorder behaviors, and sometimes even their treatment providers. They are often searching for a way to approach recovery that feels individualized and sustainable. As an eating disorder therapist, I attempt to provide a safe and non-punitive space for clients to discover what recovery looks like for them.
(916) 866-3671 View (916) 866-3671
Photo of Christi Gallon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Christi Gallon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sacramento, CA 95816
Are you hindered by anxiety, depression, or trauma, preventing you from expressing your authentic self? Do you find yourself trapped in navigating challenging family and relationship situations? Every minor issue now feels incredibly overwhelming, reopening past wounds and creating new ones. Despite attempting to bury the pain, it persists, leaving you feeling isolated and tormented. The constant exhaustion, stress, and anger make you question your resilience. Unsure of where to seek assistance, you don't have to endure this painful journey by yourself. I aim to assist you in achieving a more integrated and balanced sense of self.
Are you hindered by anxiety, depression, or trauma, preventing you from expressing your authentic self? Do you find yourself trapped in navigating challenging family and relationship situations? Every minor issue now feels incredibly overwhelming, reopening past wounds and creating new ones. Despite attempting to bury the pain, it persists, leaving you feeling isolated and tormented. The constant exhaustion, stress, and anger make you question your resilience. Unsure of where to seek assistance, you don't have to endure this painful journey by yourself. I aim to assist you in achieving a more integrated and balanced sense of self.
(916) 602-4909 View (916) 602-4909
Photo of Autumn Williams-Hertz, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Autumn Williams-Hertz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist providing Telehealth sessions to individuals and families in California and Illinois. I have training in systemic family therapy, Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Child Parent Psychotherapy (CPP) and Brainspotting.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist providing Telehealth sessions to individuals and families in California and Illinois. I have training in systemic family therapy, Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Child Parent Psychotherapy (CPP) and Brainspotting.
(530) 457-6249 View (530) 457-6249
Photo of Nilofar Mirchi, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Nilofar Mirchi
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
I specialize in supporting women through a range of mental health transitions, including infertility, pregnancy, postpartum, perimenopause, post-menopause, and hormonal changes. Additionally, I provide support for college-age individuals navigating life transitions such as academic stress, relationship issues, and identity exploration.
I specialize in supporting women through a range of mental health transitions, including infertility, pregnancy, postpartum, perimenopause, post-menopause, and hormonal changes. Additionally, I provide support for college-age individuals navigating life transitions such as academic stress, relationship issues, and identity exploration.
(626) 562-0965 View (626) 562-0965
Stacia D. Ponce-Rodriguez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
There are times in our lives when we need a compssionate ear with empathy and validation to sit with you during certain seasons of life. I have a wealth of experience working with diverse, evolved, economic social groups and varied ages of children and adults throughout my career. It is a pleasure to serve families as a whole as well as individuals as they need with my guided expertise to see people land where they desire and deserve to be. Therapy should be an opportunity to have someone you trust journey alongside your process with humilty, respect and encouragement. Together, we can achieve all that is possible.
There are times in our lives when we need a compssionate ear with empathy and validation to sit with you during certain seasons of life. I have a wealth of experience working with diverse, evolved, economic social groups and varied ages of children and adults throughout my career. It is a pleasure to serve families as a whole as well as individuals as they need with my guided expertise to see people land where they desire and deserve to be. Therapy should be an opportunity to have someone you trust journey alongside your process with humilty, respect and encouragement. Together, we can achieve all that is possible.
(530) 364-5248 View (530) 364-5248
Photo of Andrew R Smith, Psychologist, PhD
Andrew R Smith
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
In our lives we experience painful feelings, and at times we may feel off-balance and lost. You may find that this is a time of more acute emotional suffering and that your existing coping strategies are not holding you. I offer compassionate support and tools to help you identify both immediate and sustaining antidotes to your current struggle. I use a holistic approach to helping my clients, which may include a combination of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Buddhist-oriented psychology, mindfulness, and trauma-informed approaches. For Sacramento-area physicians I am contracted with SSVMS to provide up to six no-cost sessions.
In our lives we experience painful feelings, and at times we may feel off-balance and lost. You may find that this is a time of more acute emotional suffering and that your existing coping strategies are not holding you. I offer compassionate support and tools to help you identify both immediate and sustaining antidotes to your current struggle. I use a holistic approach to helping my clients, which may include a combination of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Buddhist-oriented psychology, mindfulness, and trauma-informed approaches. For Sacramento-area physicians I am contracted with SSVMS to provide up to six no-cost sessions.
(916) 302-4205 View (916) 302-4205
Photo of Heather Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Heather Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
Let me guess: you’re always the one thinking about what could go wrong and wish you could just relax and go with the flow like everyone else. You know these worst case scenarios probably won’t come true, but once they're in your mind, your body reacts like they're happening right now. So you analyze every decision, replay conversations, and second-guess yourself again. You're constantly in your own head, losing hours of your day to endless doubt spirals, intrusive thoughts, and never-ending “what ifs”. Your OCD has slowly taken over more and more of your life and you feel stuck, hopeless, and don't know where to go from here.
Let me guess: you’re always the one thinking about what could go wrong and wish you could just relax and go with the flow like everyone else. You know these worst case scenarios probably won’t come true, but once they're in your mind, your body reacts like they're happening right now. So you analyze every decision, replay conversations, and second-guess yourself again. You're constantly in your own head, losing hours of your day to endless doubt spirals, intrusive thoughts, and never-ending “what ifs”. Your OCD has slowly taken over more and more of your life and you feel stuck, hopeless, and don't know where to go from here.
(916) 619-4064 View (916) 619-4064
Photo of Dr. Annie Bailey, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Annie Bailey
Psychologist, PhD
Sacramento, CA 95825
Annie Bailey is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2009. She received her PhD in Clinical Psychology from the California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University. Annie’s overall treatment philosophy is that the purpose of treatment is to help people improve the quality and satisfaction they experience in their lives and improve the quality of their relationships with others.
Annie Bailey is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2009. She received her PhD in Clinical Psychology from the California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University. Annie’s overall treatment philosophy is that the purpose of treatment is to help people improve the quality and satisfaction they experience in their lives and improve the quality of their relationships with others.
(323) 641-4552 View (323) 641-4552
Photo of Maria Dimachkie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Maria Dimachkie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Some of our deepest hurts - abuse, neglect, betrayal, rejection – are experienced in relationship. These experiences can leave us feeling hopeless, helpless, and fearful of the future. I support individuals and couples as they work through the lasting effects of trauma, abuse, and difficult childhood experiences and find their path towards healing and connection. 

I work at Sacramento's leading relationship therapy center and I can't wait to support you. Visit www.lovehealgrow.com to learn more!
Some of our deepest hurts - abuse, neglect, betrayal, rejection – are experienced in relationship. These experiences can leave us feeling hopeless, helpless, and fearful of the future. I support individuals and couples as they work through the lasting effects of trauma, abuse, and difficult childhood experiences and find their path towards healing and connection. 

I work at Sacramento's leading relationship therapy center and I can't wait to support you. Visit www.lovehealgrow.com to learn more!
(530) 453-0818 View (530) 453-0818
Photo of Penelope Chui, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC, NCC, CCMHC
Penelope Chui
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC, NCC, CCMHC
Sacramento, CA 95822
Having difficulties in your life? Experiencing emotional distress? Having relationship, family or work difficulties? Feeling anxious and overwhelmed with the demands from your spouse, children and boss? Finding you and your spouse get stuck in negative communication patterns? Are you and your family feel difficulty facing emotional, spiritual, social and physical changes or limitations? Cancer knocks at your door. You feel sacred, overwhelmed and don't know what will happen to you. As an experienced Marriage & Family Therapist, I will work with you to undergo the challenges affecting your body, mind, family, career and every aspect of your life.
Having difficulties in your life? Experiencing emotional distress? Having relationship, family or work difficulties? Feeling anxious and overwhelmed with the demands from your spouse, children and boss? Finding you and your spouse get stuck in negative communication patterns? Are you and your family feel difficulty facing emotional, spiritual, social and physical changes or limitations? Cancer knocks at your door. You feel sacred, overwhelmed and don't know what will happen to you. As an experienced Marriage & Family Therapist, I will work with you to undergo the challenges affecting your body, mind, family, career and every aspect of your life.
(916) 546-1120 View (916) 546-1120
Photo of Donna Reed, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Donna Reed
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Sacramento, CA 95816
Not accepting new clients
I understand the reluctance many clients may feel when dealing with personal issues and relationships in a therapuetic session. I want my client/s to experience comfort and relief by presenting understanding, practical tools and information they can take with them even during the first session. I teach communication approaches that improve relationships between couples, children and blended families.
I understand the reluctance many clients may feel when dealing with personal issues and relationships in a therapuetic session. I want my client/s to experience comfort and relief by presenting understanding, practical tools and information they can take with them even during the first session. I teach communication approaches that improve relationships between couples, children and blended families.
(916) 436-8348 View (916) 436-8348
Photo of Danielle Laughter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Danielle Laughter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sacramento, CA 95811
Sometimes life doesn’t go the way we plan, and it's difficult to know how to navigate through the challenges we confront. Finding a therapist can be intimidating, and it takes courage to take the first step--so congratulations! Building rapport and trust are essential toward developing a collaborative therapeutic relationship. Therapy should never be a “one size fits all” approach, and I hope to help you feel validated and supported by acknowledging your own unique life journey. I work hard at creating an emotionally safe environment where you can feel free from biases and judgment.
Sometimes life doesn’t go the way we plan, and it's difficult to know how to navigate through the challenges we confront. Finding a therapist can be intimidating, and it takes courage to take the first step--so congratulations! Building rapport and trust are essential toward developing a collaborative therapeutic relationship. Therapy should never be a “one size fits all” approach, and I hope to help you feel validated and supported by acknowledging your own unique life journey. I work hard at creating an emotionally safe environment where you can feel free from biases and judgment.
(916) 796-1263 View (916) 796-1263
Photo of Jacqueline Fajardo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jacqueline Fajardo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi there, I'm Jacqueline! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Sacramento, California, and I provide therapy statewide to adults through telehealth. With over a decade of experience in the mental and behavioral health field, I specialize in supporting individuals navigating depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, life transitions, and self-esteem challenges. My approach is flexible and tailored to each individual. No two journeys are the same, and therapy with me is a collaborative process; you set the pace and direction, and I’m here to support you with warmth and gentle guidance.
Hi there, I'm Jacqueline! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Sacramento, California, and I provide therapy statewide to adults through telehealth. With over a decade of experience in the mental and behavioral health field, I specialize in supporting individuals navigating depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, life transitions, and self-esteem challenges. My approach is flexible and tailored to each individual. No two journeys are the same, and therapy with me is a collaborative process; you set the pace and direction, and I’m here to support you with warmth and gentle guidance.
(818) 722-8818 View (818) 722-8818
Photo of Candice Kirk, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Candice Kirk
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I provide a client-centered, strengths-based approach to therapy, creating a compassionate and supportive space for healing. My areas of practice include trauma, anxiety, relationship dynamics, and emotional regulation. I tailor treatment to meet the unique needs of each individual. LCSW. My approach to therapy is integrative, meaning I draw from several evidence-based methods to tailor treatment to each client’s unique needs. I focus on creating a safe, supportive environment where clients feel heard and understood.
I provide a client-centered, strengths-based approach to therapy, creating a compassionate and supportive space for healing. My areas of practice include trauma, anxiety, relationship dynamics, and emotional regulation. I tailor treatment to meet the unique needs of each individual. LCSW. My approach to therapy is integrative, meaning I draw from several evidence-based methods to tailor treatment to each client’s unique needs. I focus on creating a safe, supportive environment where clients feel heard and understood.
(747) 269-0234 View (747) 269-0234
Photo of Victor Urrego-Vallowe - Nor Cal Trauma Healing Center - Trauma/EMDR , Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Nor Cal Trauma Healing Center - Trauma/EMDR
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sacramento, CA 95821
You feel like a shadow of your former self. Instead of showing up for your life and enjoying the hobbies you once loved, anxiety and irritability are calling the shots. Whether it’s a racing heart or a restless night, trauma has a way of making the world feel heavy and unsafe. You want to reach out, but the idea of asking for help feels just as overwhelming as the symptoms themselves. It is exhausting to stay in "survival mode." It shouldn't be this hard to just feel okay. I believe healing shouldn't be a mystery, and you shouldn't have to "just get by" while the things you love slip away. You don’t have to navigate this alone.
You feel like a shadow of your former self. Instead of showing up for your life and enjoying the hobbies you once loved, anxiety and irritability are calling the shots. Whether it’s a racing heart or a restless night, trauma has a way of making the world feel heavy and unsafe. You want to reach out, but the idea of asking for help feels just as overwhelming as the symptoms themselves. It is exhausting to stay in "survival mode." It shouldn't be this hard to just feel okay. I believe healing shouldn't be a mystery, and you shouldn't have to "just get by" while the things you love slip away. You don’t have to navigate this alone.
(916) 345-2083 View (916) 345-2083
Photo of Marjan Soltani-Alasvand - Newport Academy, Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Newport Academy
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Sacramento, CA 95833
The foundation of our programming is our team of compassionate and highly experienced behavioral healthcare professionals. The Newport staff is comprised of the best mental health leaders in the country, surrounding each client with 360-degree care. Because Newport’s philosophy of care views family as central to long-term, sustainable healing, the groundbreaking Attachment-Based Family Therapy (ABFT) methodology is also a central component of our approach. ABFT is proven to be successful in addressing adolescent and young adult suicidality by repairing ruptures in the parent-child relationship.
The foundation of our programming is our team of compassionate and highly experienced behavioral healthcare professionals. The Newport staff is comprised of the best mental health leaders in the country, surrounding each client with 360-degree care. Because Newport’s philosophy of care views family as central to long-term, sustainable healing, the groundbreaking Attachment-Based Family Therapy (ABFT) methodology is also a central component of our approach. ABFT is proven to be successful in addressing adolescent and young adult suicidality by repairing ruptures in the parent-child relationship.
(530) 364-5409 View (530) 364-5409
Photo of Nancy Wallingford, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Nancy Wallingford
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
For everyone, there are times in our lives when things can seem overwhelming, frightening, painful, or confusing. Making the decision to enter psychotherapy is a choice for healing and personal growth. It is a sign of strength to reach out for help and support when you are struggling. I will help guide you to understand, transform, and resolve life challenges. You will develop new awareness about patterns in your life that no longer serve you and new skills to transform those patterns. I will support you to create deep personal fulfillment and meaning in your life.
For everyone, there are times in our lives when things can seem overwhelming, frightening, painful, or confusing. Making the decision to enter psychotherapy is a choice for healing and personal growth. It is a sign of strength to reach out for help and support when you are struggling. I will help guide you to understand, transform, and resolve life challenges. You will develop new awareness about patterns in your life that no longer serve you and new skills to transform those patterns. I will support you to create deep personal fulfillment and meaning in your life.
(831) 216-6839 View (831) 216-6839
Photo of Karriem Fielding, Marriage & Family Therapist
Karriem Fielding
Marriage & Family Therapist
Online Only
I’m a true believer that we all are faced with trials and tribulations throughout our lives that test and challenge our mental well-being. No matter your ethnicity, age, sexuality, or social status your mental health is a continuous work in progress. My goal in treatment is to work collaboratively with you to create an environment that helps you to gain insight, strength, balance, and overall growth. I have 9 years of experience working with individuals and families who have dealt with trauma within their lives.
I’m a true believer that we all are faced with trials and tribulations throughout our lives that test and challenge our mental well-being. No matter your ethnicity, age, sexuality, or social status your mental health is a continuous work in progress. My goal in treatment is to work collaboratively with you to create an environment that helps you to gain insight, strength, balance, and overall growth. I have 9 years of experience working with individuals and families who have dealt with trauma within their lives.
(916) 999-5564 View (916) 999-5564
Photo of Aires Adalim, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Aires Adalim
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Adulting is hard sometimes, isn't it? When life is "Life-ing" and gets us feeling frustrated, it can be difficult to see the other side. When my clients face challenges in relationships, anxiety about the future, and not feeling motivated after reaching a new chapter in life, I guide them to see beyond that emotional cloud. My natural ability to connect with people helps my clients discover that silver lining in every situation. I can be the person you trust in understanding the vulnerable pieces of yourself, helping you weave together a story worth telling of healing, self-discovery, and growth.
Adulting is hard sometimes, isn't it? When life is "Life-ing" and gets us feeling frustrated, it can be difficult to see the other side. When my clients face challenges in relationships, anxiety about the future, and not feeling motivated after reaching a new chapter in life, I guide them to see beyond that emotional cloud. My natural ability to connect with people helps my clients discover that silver lining in every situation. I can be the person you trust in understanding the vulnerable pieces of yourself, helping you weave together a story worth telling of healing, self-discovery, and growth.
(530) 451-0899 View (530) 451-0899

See more therapy options for Sacramento

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sacramento, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Sacramento, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
69% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Self Esteem
63% Stress
61% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
67% Cigna and Evernorth
59% Optum

How Therapists in Sacramento, CA see their clients

53% Online Only
47% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sacramento?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.