Trauma and PTSD Therapists in Point Richmond, CA

Photo of Susan Futterman, MS, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Susan Futterman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Point Richmond, CA 94801
I am primarily focused on working with bereaved individuals and/or families who have lost someone to suicide as well as working with individuals who have made suicide attempts in the past or are considering an attempt. In addition, I work with individuals dealing with emotional/psychological trauma of all types, as well as with depression and grief. I also have experience working with people dealing with challenges such as bipolar disorder. I provide both individual and group therapy.
I am primarily focused on working with bereaved individuals and/or families who have lost someone to suicide as well as working with individuals who have made suicide attempts in the past or are considering an attempt. In addition, I work with individuals dealing with emotional/psychological trauma of all types, as well as with depression and grief. I also have experience working with people dealing with challenges such as bipolar disorder. I provide both individual and group therapy.
(415) 870-8056 View (415) 870-8056
Photo of Celedra Gildea, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Celedra Gildea
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Point Richmond, CA 94801  (Online Only)
It is an act of courage to finally say “yes” to psychotherapy and so important to connect with the right person, wherein you can feel safe and be heard. I offer a 20 min phone or Zoom session as your opportunity to know if we are a good fit for together. This has been my passion for 28 years along with teaching Mindful Self Compassion groups. Whether with me or someone else, I hope you find the right person for you to experience the peace and joy that is awaiting you.
It is an act of courage to finally say “yes” to psychotherapy and so important to connect with the right person, wherein you can feel safe and be heard. I offer a 20 min phone or Zoom session as your opportunity to know if we are a good fit for together. This has been my passion for 28 years along with teaching Mindful Self Compassion groups. Whether with me or someone else, I hope you find the right person for you to experience the peace and joy that is awaiting you.
(341) 444-3424 View (341) 444-3424
Photo of Anna Billings, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Anna Billings
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Point Richmond, CA 94801
Waitlist for new clients
Are you facing difficult challenges in your life? In your relationships, your work, or life in general? Trying your best but tired of struggling with the pain and frustration on your own? Do you find yourself thinking it shouldn't be this hard? Longing for the freedom and joy to simply be yourself and live the life you were meant to live?
Are you facing difficult challenges in your life? In your relationships, your work, or life in general? Trying your best but tired of struggling with the pain and frustration on your own? Do you find yourself thinking it shouldn't be this hard? Longing for the freedom and joy to simply be yourself and live the life you were meant to live?
(510) 985-4145 View (510) 985-4145
Photo of Graham Leggett, MBA, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Graham Leggett
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MBA, MA
Verified Verified
Point Richmond, CA 94801
Finding a solution to your immediate problem can go a long way to improving your circumstances and mood. If this were easy, you would have done it already, so it makes sense to get help. Together we can get some clarity, develop your strengths, find support from others, and take steps to a more fulfilling and harmonious life. Whether you work with me as an individual or couple, you deserve to be seen, accepted, and loved as you are. While this may sound a little dreamy and abstract, we will take a pragmatic approach to getting you the life you want. We will always be looking for ways to act on your intentions and show results.
Finding a solution to your immediate problem can go a long way to improving your circumstances and mood. If this were easy, you would have done it already, so it makes sense to get help. Together we can get some clarity, develop your strengths, find support from others, and take steps to a more fulfilling and harmonious life. Whether you work with me as an individual or couple, you deserve to be seen, accepted, and loved as you are. While this may sound a little dreamy and abstract, we will take a pragmatic approach to getting you the life you want. We will always be looking for ways to act on your intentions and show results.
(510) 698-8573 View (510) 698-8573

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Manda Selva, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Manda Selva
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, CA 94805  (Online Only)
I've many yrs of experience working with clients who are depressed, anxious, or have trauma.
Accepting New Clients. Do you find it hard to cope with life due to relationship or career-related stress, grief, depression, childhood trauma and PTSD, unresolved family dynamics, or parenting challenges? Sometimes "feeling stuck" could be due to a recent or prior trauma or thinking that you are undeserving. Are you a couple or family who is out of sync or finding hard to communicate? Are you a First/Second generation struggling with family/culture-based expectations or trying to negotiate between 2 cultures? My style is warm, engaged & curious, and my role is to increase awareness and help you develop effective coping strategies.
I've many yrs of experience working with clients who are depressed, anxious, or have trauma.
Accepting New Clients. Do you find it hard to cope with life due to relationship or career-related stress, grief, depression, childhood trauma and PTSD, unresolved family dynamics, or parenting challenges? Sometimes "feeling stuck" could be due to a recent or prior trauma or thinking that you are undeserving. Are you a couple or family who is out of sync or finding hard to communicate? Are you a First/Second generation struggling with family/culture-based expectations or trying to negotiate between 2 cultures? My style is warm, engaged & curious, and my role is to increase awareness and help you develop effective coping strategies.
(510) 216-1287 View (510) 216-1287
Photo of Evgenia Feldhstern, MS, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Evgenia Feldhstern
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
El Sobrante, CA 94803
My specialties include adult, children and family relationship difficulties,children behavioral issues, parenting difficulties, family conflict issues, psychological trauma, and mood disorders.
Welcome! If you are a parent, or an adult struggling with depression, anxiety or memories of painful events, I can help you. I can help you with difficult child behaviors. If your child is angry, if they are fighting in school, or has learning difficulties, I can help you. For many years, I have been investing all my professional skills and my heart into helping wonderful children and families to heal. Please, tell me about your relationship with yourself, and with the world. Please, tell me how I can support and nurture you.
My specialties include adult, children and family relationship difficulties,children behavioral issues, parenting difficulties, family conflict issues, psychological trauma, and mood disorders.
Welcome! If you are a parent, or an adult struggling with depression, anxiety or memories of painful events, I can help you. I can help you with difficult child behaviors. If your child is angry, if they are fighting in school, or has learning difficulties, I can help you. For many years, I have been investing all my professional skills and my heart into helping wonderful children and families to heal. Please, tell me about your relationship with yourself, and with the world. Please, tell me how I can support and nurture you.
(510) 757-1853 View (510) 757-1853
Photo of Kathryn Buys, MFT, ACSP, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kathryn Buys
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, ACSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
El Cerrito, CA 94530
If you are a woman ready for more happiness, more peace, & a greater sense of choice, I am here to guide you on your way. Your depression, anxiety, or relationship challenges may be signals that something greater is around the corner. If they persist, though, it’s a good time to find someone who can re-orient you so that you’re on the path of a joyful life, a life of intention, a life where empowerment and “yes!” are within reach. I work with women who feel even just a slight spark of knowing that this path might be available. We may start with mindfulness & how to cope with the effects of trauma and depression so you can thrive.
If you are a woman ready for more happiness, more peace, & a greater sense of choice, I am here to guide you on your way. Your depression, anxiety, or relationship challenges may be signals that something greater is around the corner. If they persist, though, it’s a good time to find someone who can re-orient you so that you’re on the path of a joyful life, a life of intention, a life where empowerment and “yes!” are within reach. I work with women who feel even just a slight spark of knowing that this path might be available. We may start with mindfulness & how to cope with the effects of trauma and depression so you can thrive.
(925) 291-5873 View (925) 291-5873
Maria A Garay
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CAMF
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond, CA 94805
Trabajo con personas que sufren de trauma, y individuos que no pueden controlar el enojo.
I work with clients from a client-centered approach which is intended to provide the safe space needed for healing. Together we will target debilitating symptoms. I work with adolescents and adults in individual and family settings. and couples seeking support in their relationship. I work with people seeking awareness on how to improve their life and support in achieving their goals. Together we will restore healthy lifestyle patterns and plan for future success. Teens, adults and couples often can suffer from the same depressive, anxious and traumatic experiences, but will need different support to heal.
Trabajo con personas que sufren de trauma, y individuos que no pueden controlar el enojo.
I work with clients from a client-centered approach which is intended to provide the safe space needed for healing. Together we will target debilitating symptoms. I work with adolescents and adults in individual and family settings. and couples seeking support in their relationship. I work with people seeking awareness on how to improve their life and support in achieving their goals. Together we will restore healthy lifestyle patterns and plan for future success. Teens, adults and couples often can suffer from the same depressive, anxious and traumatic experiences, but will need different support to heal.
(510) 746-8133 View (510) 746-8133
Photo of Katherine Tarnoff, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Katherine Tarnoff
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond, CA 94804
I have extensive experience and training in treating trauma and working ADHD.
Through counseling, I support individuals, couples and families to identify patterns in behavior and communication. Our work together will be collaborative and strengths-based. It will encourage shifts in the family to promote healthy expression of emotions and communication to improve relationships. I use a directive style of communication and an active and integrative approach. I encourage parents, caregivers and other family members to be involved in the therapeutic process.
I have extensive experience and training in treating trauma and working ADHD.
Through counseling, I support individuals, couples and families to identify patterns in behavior and communication. Our work together will be collaborative and strengths-based. It will encourage shifts in the family to promote healthy expression of emotions and communication to improve relationships. I use a directive style of communication and an active and integrative approach. I encourage parents, caregivers and other family members to be involved in the therapeutic process.
(510) 338-4214 View (510) 338-4214
Photo of Jill Pettegrew, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jill Pettegrew
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
El Cerrito, CA 94530
Providing Somatic Psychotherapy, Somatic Experiencing, Ketamine-Assisted Therapy, and Psychedelic Integration. I specialize in supporting people with anxiety, depression, PTSD, and other mood-related issues. I am dedicated to helping you find balance, clarity and meaning in your livfe through evidence-based mind-body psychotherapy. My goal is to create a safe and comfortable space to explore and grow, going at a pace that does not overwhelm the nervous system, and allows for integration.
Providing Somatic Psychotherapy, Somatic Experiencing, Ketamine-Assisted Therapy, and Psychedelic Integration. I specialize in supporting people with anxiety, depression, PTSD, and other mood-related issues. I am dedicated to helping you find balance, clarity and meaning in your livfe through evidence-based mind-body psychotherapy. My goal is to create a safe and comfortable space to explore and grow, going at a pace that does not overwhelm the nervous system, and allows for integration.
(925) 308-6168 View (925) 308-6168
Photo of Krystal Fortner, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Krystal Fortner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, CA 94804
If you are struggling with deep-rooted trauma issues that have had negative impacts on your relationships, career, or quality of life, let's talk.
Embarking on a journey of healing requires courage, and I commend you for taking the first step. Your presence here is a testament to your readiness for change. Together, we will create a tailored roadmap to guide you towards reclaiming your life, rebuilding relationships, and fostering a profound connection with yourself. Welcome. I’m glad you’re here.
If you are struggling with deep-rooted trauma issues that have had negative impacts on your relationships, career, or quality of life, let's talk.
Embarking on a journey of healing requires courage, and I commend you for taking the first step. Your presence here is a testament to your readiness for change. Together, we will create a tailored roadmap to guide you towards reclaiming your life, rebuilding relationships, and fostering a profound connection with yourself. Welcome. I’m glad you’re here.
(510) 983-8338 View (510) 983-8338
Photo of Kimberly G Latigue, LCSW, CPA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kimberly G Latigue
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CPA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond, CA 94801  (Online Only)
Welcome! Despite your educational, career or financial successes, does your past trauma keep a part of you from truly feeling joy from all of it? Maybe you attempt to find that joy through different experiences and/or relationships but the old feelings continue to come back suddenly, possibly causing you to experience periods of self-doubt, low confidence, anxiety, and/or depression? I specialize in the areas of inner child healing, improved confidence, self-esteem and self-worth, which ultimately leads to your ability to fully love yourself and others. I assure you that experiencing the fullness of joy that you desire is possible.
Welcome! Despite your educational, career or financial successes, does your past trauma keep a part of you from truly feeling joy from all of it? Maybe you attempt to find that joy through different experiences and/or relationships but the old feelings continue to come back suddenly, possibly causing you to experience periods of self-doubt, low confidence, anxiety, and/or depression? I specialize in the areas of inner child healing, improved confidence, self-esteem and self-worth, which ultimately leads to your ability to fully love yourself and others. I assure you that experiencing the fullness of joy that you desire is possible.
(341) 895-6358 View (341) 895-6358
Photo of Tasha B Pera, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tasha B Pera
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
El Cerrito, CA 94530
I am currently providing telehealth Hippaa-compliant videoconferencing! We each have the tools within ourselves to make it possible to improve our lives. At times, however, we may be so overwhelmed with difficult circumstances, relationships, or transitions, that we want help from a professional. I have worked with individuals, couples and families who struggle with a variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, trauma, marital and family conflicts, food and substance use. I tend to see many adults, as well as adolescents who mainly suffer with anxiety-related problems. I have a positive and respectful attitude.
I am currently providing telehealth Hippaa-compliant videoconferencing! We each have the tools within ourselves to make it possible to improve our lives. At times, however, we may be so overwhelmed with difficult circumstances, relationships, or transitions, that we want help from a professional. I have worked with individuals, couples and families who struggle with a variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, trauma, marital and family conflicts, food and substance use. I tend to see many adults, as well as adolescents who mainly suffer with anxiety-related problems. I have a positive and respectful attitude.
(510) 400-8075 View (510) 400-8075
Photo of Savita Carothers, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Savita Carothers
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Richmond, CA 94806
Savita Carothers, is a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT), with 16 years of experience working with individuals, couples and youth and families. She will meet you where you are comfortable and willing to go, specializing in helping individuals to overcome depression, anxiety, trauma, families in crisis, sexual abuse, marriage and partnership struggles adolescents, and parenting issues. Her therapeutic approach is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) ; Solution Focused and Family Systems.
Savita Carothers, is a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT), with 16 years of experience working with individuals, couples and youth and families. She will meet you where you are comfortable and willing to go, specializing in helping individuals to overcome depression, anxiety, trauma, families in crisis, sexual abuse, marriage and partnership struggles adolescents, and parenting issues. Her therapeutic approach is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) ; Solution Focused and Family Systems.
(408) 669-4667 View (408) 669-4667
Photo of Sarah M. Scott, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Sarah M. Scott
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond, CA 94801
Every session is trauma-informed and encourages a deeper understanding of the self and others.
I have always been curious about what causes suffering, how we find meaning, and how we can heal and grow. I specialize in working with clients seeking assistance with negative self-talk, anxiety, relationship issues, post-traumatic stress, and navigating the complexities of breakups. Additionally, I work with couples on issues such as high conflict, communication, separation, and divorce. I offer a compassionate space to heal, reflect, grow, and rebuild.
Every session is trauma-informed and encourages a deeper understanding of the self and others.
I have always been curious about what causes suffering, how we find meaning, and how we can heal and grow. I specialize in working with clients seeking assistance with negative self-talk, anxiety, relationship issues, post-traumatic stress, and navigating the complexities of breakups. Additionally, I work with couples on issues such as high conflict, communication, separation, and divorce. I offer a compassionate space to heal, reflect, grow, and rebuild.
(510) 949-3817 View (510) 949-3817
Photo of Cori Pansarasa, PsyD, Psychologist
Cori Pansarasa
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
El Cerrito, CA 94530  (Online Only)
I have extensive experience working with trauma, anxiety and mood disorders, childhood physical/sexual abuse and neglect, and aging issues.
Would you like to feel more present in life and more secure in relationships? I have helped many to move past difficult experiences to reconnect with the beauty of life. My treatment focus is helping people to effect change through making different life choices, and on therapy as a working partnership. Trained in both traditional and holistic understandings of mind-body-spirit, my experience includes private practice; crisis work; directorships at mental health agencies; supervision of student therapists; and consultation for providers and organizations. I also integrate spiritual and energy healing perspectives when appropriate.
I have extensive experience working with trauma, anxiety and mood disorders, childhood physical/sexual abuse and neglect, and aging issues.
Would you like to feel more present in life and more secure in relationships? I have helped many to move past difficult experiences to reconnect with the beauty of life. My treatment focus is helping people to effect change through making different life choices, and on therapy as a working partnership. Trained in both traditional and holistic understandings of mind-body-spirit, my experience includes private practice; crisis work; directorships at mental health agencies; supervision of student therapists; and consultation for providers and organizations. I also integrate spiritual and energy healing perspectives when appropriate.
(510) 817-0685 View (510) 817-0685
Photo of Giancarlo Scherillo, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Giancarlo Scherillo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Richmond, CA 94806
I work with a wide range of emotional and behavioral issues providing services that span from therapy for depression to mindfulness-based stress reduction, trauma resolution and beyond.
As a mindfulness and somatic based therapist, my approach is to provide a safe and supportive environment for your therapy process. I have an approach to therapy that includes both self-discovery with educational resources. I believe in supporting the internal process of the client unfolding it at their own pace. We can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your current life. By applying mindfulness techniques with somatic therapy approaches and techniques, we will examine long-standing behavior patterns or negative beliefs that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
I work with a wide range of emotional and behavioral issues providing services that span from therapy for depression to mindfulness-based stress reduction, trauma resolution and beyond.
As a mindfulness and somatic based therapist, my approach is to provide a safe and supportive environment for your therapy process. I have an approach to therapy that includes both self-discovery with educational resources. I believe in supporting the internal process of the client unfolding it at their own pace. We can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your current life. By applying mindfulness techniques with somatic therapy approaches and techniques, we will examine long-standing behavior patterns or negative beliefs that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(415) 723-4322 View (415) 723-4322
Photo of Natalya Kuzmicheva, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Natalya Kuzmicheva
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Richmond, CA 94806  (Online Only)
I have training and experience working with trauma and PTSD, following EMDR and TRIM approaches.
Every patient is unique, and so is every therapist. I have lived and practiced therapy in two very different cultures, which has given me insight into culturally specific and universal issues that underlie personal and interpersonal conflicts. I approach every client with acceptance and understanding, providing them with a compassionate space for exploring challenges and obstacles to happiness in themselves and their relationships. I enjoy working with people of all ages and backgrounds, seeking to understand each client's worldview and to help them to discover their own solutions to the difficulties they face, including anxiety, depression, and relationship conflicts.
I have training and experience working with trauma and PTSD, following EMDR and TRIM approaches.
Every patient is unique, and so is every therapist. I have lived and practiced therapy in two very different cultures, which has given me insight into culturally specific and universal issues that underlie personal and interpersonal conflicts. I approach every client with acceptance and understanding, providing them with a compassionate space for exploring challenges and obstacles to happiness in themselves and their relationships. I enjoy working with people of all ages and backgrounds, seeking to understand each client's worldview and to help them to discover their own solutions to the difficulties they face, including anxiety, depression, and relationship conflicts.
(858) 352-7322 View (858) 352-7322
Photo of Joy Wong Liu, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Joy Wong Liu
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Richmond, CA 94801
I have special training in drama therapy and other tools for healing trauma and restoring relationships.
Do you often feel ashamed and not good enough, even though others think you have it all together? Do you find yourself caring for those around you, all the while wondering when it will be your turn to get what you need? Does the intensity of your negative feelings sometimes scare you?
I have special training in drama therapy and other tools for healing trauma and restoring relationships.
Do you often feel ashamed and not good enough, even though others think you have it all together? Do you find yourself caring for those around you, all the while wondering when it will be your turn to get what you need? Does the intensity of your negative feelings sometimes scare you?
(510) 296-6511 View (510) 296-6511
Photo of Liz Abrams, PhD, Psychologist
Liz Abrams
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Richmond, CA 94804
My specialty areas include working with survivors of trauma/neglect/abuse; relationships and relating with self/others; oppression/ discrimination/ intersections of identities; LGBTQ+ folks; poly/kink folks; self-care for activists and helping professionals, immigrants, asylum seekers; imposter syndrome; and use of mindfulness, emotion, body awareness.
Stress and trauma can take many forms. Sometimes we survive an event such as a car accident, wildfire, assault, or military-related event. Or we may notice chronic struggles with trusting others and ourselves, and feeling stressed and unsatisfied in our relationships. The experience of trauma can significantly impact how we change or grow in each present moment, how we connect and separate from others, and how we experiment, take risks, and resource our creativity. Let's co-create a therapy relationship that works to support the development of loving relationships with self and others.
My specialty areas include working with survivors of trauma/neglect/abuse; relationships and relating with self/others; oppression/ discrimination/ intersections of identities; LGBTQ+ folks; poly/kink folks; self-care for activists and helping professionals, immigrants, asylum seekers; imposter syndrome; and use of mindfulness, emotion, body awareness.
Stress and trauma can take many forms. Sometimes we survive an event such as a car accident, wildfire, assault, or military-related event. Or we may notice chronic struggles with trusting others and ourselves, and feeling stressed and unsatisfied in our relationships. The experience of trauma can significantly impact how we change or grow in each present moment, how we connect and separate from others, and how we experiment, take risks, and resource our creativity. Let's co-create a therapy relationship that works to support the development of loving relationships with self and others.
(510) 851-8667 View (510) 851-8667

See more therapy options for Point Richmond

Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.