Therapists in North Arroyo, Pasadena, CA

Photo of Dr. Todd Michael Frye, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, PhD, LPCC, LMFT
Dr. Todd Michael Frye
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, PhD, LPCC, LMFT
North Arroyo, Pasadena, CA 91103
Anyone who is struggling with personal and relational pain, including those who have experienced trauma, relational distress, depression, anxiety or anything else that has inhibited a sense of thriving in their life.
Anyone who is struggling with personal and relational pain, including those who have experienced trauma, relational distress, depression, anxiety or anything else that has inhibited a sense of thriving in their life.
(323) 940-5142 View (323) 940-5142
Photo of Jacqueline Benavente - Elevate Wellness Center, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Elevate Wellness Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
North Arroyo, Pasadena, CA 91103
If you're not sure whether you or your family member needs treatment for drugs or alcohol, but you need some direction, please call me. I can assess your needs and at least point you in the right direction. If you're looking for treatment in the Pasadena area, please consider us as an option for support. At Elevate we offer daily meditation, mindful walks every morning, customized workouts, breathwork, sound bath, and a robust addiction support program. We work with you on understanding your mental health, addiction and medical needs.
If you're not sure whether you or your family member needs treatment for drugs or alcohol, but you need some direction, please call me. I can assess your needs and at least point you in the right direction. If you're looking for treatment in the Pasadena area, please consider us as an option for support. At Elevate we offer daily meditation, mindful walks every morning, customized workouts, breathwork, sound bath, and a robust addiction support program. We work with you on understanding your mental health, addiction and medical needs.
(626) 628-1342 View (626) 628-1342
Photo of Christine L Triano, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Christine L Triano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
4 Endorsed
North Arroyo, Pasadena, CA 91103
You may be feeling anxious, overwhelmed, or caught in relationship patterns that keep repeating despite your insight and effort. On the outside, you’re capable and driven; inside, your nervous system feels exhausted. Life transitions, relationship challenges, parenting stress, or unresolved past experiences may be leaving you disconnected from yourself or your work. You want relief, clarity, and a more grounded, authentic way of living and relating—but aren’t sure how to get there. I love working with individuals of all ages working through the big questions of how to create a life of satisfaction, meaning, and connection.
You may be feeling anxious, overwhelmed, or caught in relationship patterns that keep repeating despite your insight and effort. On the outside, you’re capable and driven; inside, your nervous system feels exhausted. Life transitions, relationship challenges, parenting stress, or unresolved past experiences may be leaving you disconnected from yourself or your work. You want relief, clarity, and a more grounded, authentic way of living and relating—but aren’t sure how to get there. I love working with individuals of all ages working through the big questions of how to create a life of satisfaction, meaning, and connection.
(747) 246-7130 View (747) 246-7130
Photo of Dr. Briana Hedman, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Briana Hedman
Psychologist, PhD
2 Endorsed
North Arroyo, Pasadena, CA 91103
You feel like you're failing despite your success. People admire you, but you're afraid of what would happen if they truly knew how much you're struggling. Achieving at the highest level, perfectionism and emotional suppression have "worked." But underneath the "good on the surface," you're just going through the motions of life, unable to relax, unsure of the last time you genuinely felt happy. It’s time to stop pretending like everything is fine. You're ready for relief, for a way to stop white-knuckling your way through the day and rediscover what it means to truly thrive.
You feel like you're failing despite your success. People admire you, but you're afraid of what would happen if they truly knew how much you're struggling. Achieving at the highest level, perfectionism and emotional suppression have "worked." But underneath the "good on the surface," you're just going through the motions of life, unable to relax, unsure of the last time you genuinely felt happy. It’s time to stop pretending like everything is fine. You're ready for relief, for a way to stop white-knuckling your way through the day and rediscover what it means to truly thrive.
(323) 831-7169 View (323) 831-7169
Photo of Polly Grant, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, DEdPsy
Polly Grant
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, DEdPsy
6 Endorsed
North Arroyo, Pasadena, CA 91103
I provide therapy to people across the lifespan, from young children to older adults, as well as couples and families. While the methods may change depending on age and circumstance the goals are often similar: to feel understood, to connect, and to grow. I work in a respectful, collaborative and creative way to explore the parts of self that might be contributing to feelings of being stuck. I previously trained and worked as an Educational and Child Psychologist in the UK working with children, parents and school faculty to support student growth and wellbeing.
I provide therapy to people across the lifespan, from young children to older adults, as well as couples and families. While the methods may change depending on age and circumstance the goals are often similar: to feel understood, to connect, and to grow. I work in a respectful, collaborative and creative way to explore the parts of self that might be contributing to feelings of being stuck. I previously trained and worked as an Educational and Child Psychologist in the UK working with children, parents and school faculty to support student growth and wellbeing.
(626) 344-0458 View (626) 344-0458
Photo of Anna Sardariyanst, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, CATC-IV
Anna Sardariyanst
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, CATC-IV
4 Endorsed
North Arroyo, Pasadena, CA 91101
Maybe the substance use started as a way to unwind, take the edge off, or just get through the day— and now it’s quietly becoming something more. Maybe the anxiety is louder lately, the depression heavier, or the anger sharper. Maybe past trauma is resurfacing, making it harder to trust people, or believe change is possible. Maybe you're functioning— but barely— and you’re scared it won’t last. If any of that sounds familiar, you’re not alone— and you don’t have to figure it out by yourself. I work with individuals, couples, children & families— offering a space to untangle what’s been weighing on you and figure out what’s next.
Maybe the substance use started as a way to unwind, take the edge off, or just get through the day— and now it’s quietly becoming something more. Maybe the anxiety is louder lately, the depression heavier, or the anger sharper. Maybe past trauma is resurfacing, making it harder to trust people, or believe change is possible. Maybe you're functioning— but barely— and you’re scared it won’t last. If any of that sounds familiar, you’re not alone— and you don’t have to figure it out by yourself. I work with individuals, couples, children & families— offering a space to untangle what’s been weighing on you and figure out what’s next.
(626) 605-6913 View (626) 605-6913
Photo of Sarah N Dempe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sarah N Dempe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
North Arroyo, Pasadena, CA 91103
Have you had a therapist before who you felt judged by or felt unheard by? I know the feeling all too well from my own experiences as a client. That's why I focus on creating a space where clients feel safe, accepted, and heard, while providing empathy and warmth within a therapeutic setting. Whether you feel like drawing, cursing, or engaging me in a standup act to recap your day. I welcome your expression of your authentic self. I see a wide variety of clients with different mental health needs including: anxiety, depression, mood disorders, trauma-based symptoms and recent life stressors/changes.
Have you had a therapist before who you felt judged by or felt unheard by? I know the feeling all too well from my own experiences as a client. That's why I focus on creating a space where clients feel safe, accepted, and heard, while providing empathy and warmth within a therapeutic setting. Whether you feel like drawing, cursing, or engaging me in a standup act to recap your day. I welcome your expression of your authentic self. I see a wide variety of clients with different mental health needs including: anxiety, depression, mood disorders, trauma-based symptoms and recent life stressors/changes.
(310) 361-2991 View (310) 361-2991
Photo of Sumith Unni - Couples Therapy with Sumith Unni , Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MSMFT, ThM, BD, BA
Couples Therapy with Sumith Unni
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MSMFT, ThM, BD, BA
4 Endorsed
North Arroyo, Pasadena, CA 91101
Relationships are at the heart of our lives—when they feel off, everything else can feel harder. Whether with a partner, parent, child, or yourself, challenges are part of being human. Therapy can help untangle struggles, feel understood, and reconnect with yourself and others. I help individuals, couples, and families through life changes, emotional overwhelm, or feeling stuck. This includes working through conflict, preparing for marriage, improving family communication, or supporting teens and adults with anxiety, low self-esteem, or major transitions.
Relationships are at the heart of our lives—when they feel off, everything else can feel harder. Whether with a partner, parent, child, or yourself, challenges are part of being human. Therapy can help untangle struggles, feel understood, and reconnect with yourself and others. I help individuals, couples, and families through life changes, emotional overwhelm, or feeling stuck. This includes working through conflict, preparing for marriage, improving family communication, or supporting teens and adults with anxiety, low self-esteem, or major transitions.
(626) 706-3137 View (626) 706-3137
Photo of Jacob Voogd - Voogd Family Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MMFT
Voogd Family Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MMFT
Serves Area
You’ve done the self-help books, you’ve tried to talk yourself out of it, but you’re still stuck in the same emotional cycles—with yourself, your partner, or your past. Whether you’re navigating fame, building a career in tech or the arts, or just trying to hold your relationship together, I offer therapy that cuts through the noise and helps you make real, lasting change. We work with individuals and couples who want more than just a place to vent—they want tools, insight, and a clear path forward. Our style is directive, transparent, and grounded.
You’ve done the self-help books, you’ve tried to talk yourself out of it, but you’re still stuck in the same emotional cycles—with yourself, your partner, or your past. Whether you’re navigating fame, building a career in tech or the arts, or just trying to hold your relationship together, I offer therapy that cuts through the noise and helps you make real, lasting change. We work with individuals and couples who want more than just a place to vent—they want tools, insight, and a clear path forward. Our style is directive, transparent, and grounded.
(323) 366-3340 View (323) 366-3340
Photo of Katrin Koutassevitch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Katrin Koutassevitch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
As an older adult, you are facing a new set of challenges. Whether it’s the death of a loved one, a medical condition, caregiver stress, or a change in living arrangements, you’re feeling down and overwhelmed. You’re tired of waking up tired. The stress or sadness feels like it’s taking over. You’re ready to start having some good days. You want to start feeling like yourself again.
As an older adult, you are facing a new set of challenges. Whether it’s the death of a loved one, a medical condition, caregiver stress, or a change in living arrangements, you’re feeling down and overwhelmed. You’re tired of waking up tired. The stress or sadness feels like it’s taking over. You’re ready to start having some good days. You want to start feeling like yourself again.
(424) 339-0977 View (424) 339-0977
Photo of Yuanzen Tung, Marriage & Family Therapist, DMFT
Yuanzen Tung
Marriage & Family Therapist, DMFT
Serves Area
My passion is conducting therapy with Asians, both immigrants and Asian-Americans. As a Taiwanese-American therapist, I am well-versed in the family dynamics of Asian culture. I am also experienced in dealing with parent-child conflicts between first-generation Chinese parents and their westernized second-generation teenagers and adult children. My work centers on helping parents and children recognize their cultural differences in order to better understand one another and maintain healthy relationships. Sessions may be in either Mandarin and English.
My passion is conducting therapy with Asians, both immigrants and Asian-Americans. As a Taiwanese-American therapist, I am well-versed in the family dynamics of Asian culture. I am also experienced in dealing with parent-child conflicts between first-generation Chinese parents and their westernized second-generation teenagers and adult children. My work centers on helping parents and children recognize their cultural differences in order to better understand one another and maintain healthy relationships. Sessions may be in either Mandarin and English.
(626) 414-5300 View (626) 414-5300
Photo of Andy Chiu, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Andy Chiu
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I believe our lives are deeply influenced by the breaking of trust and security in our closest relationships. These wounds can leave us feeling isolated, lonely, and stuck, making it hard to see a way forward. When we experience this kind of pain, it often feels hopeless, but with support and care, healing is not only possible—it can lead to meaningful growth. My goal is not to change you, but to offer you the space where change can take place. Together, we will walk through the hardships and complexities of life toward finding hope, insight, and ways of regaining control of your life.
I believe our lives are deeply influenced by the breaking of trust and security in our closest relationships. These wounds can leave us feeling isolated, lonely, and stuck, making it hard to see a way forward. When we experience this kind of pain, it often feels hopeless, but with support and care, healing is not only possible—it can lead to meaningful growth. My goal is not to change you, but to offer you the space where change can take place. Together, we will walk through the hardships and complexities of life toward finding hope, insight, and ways of regaining control of your life.
(626) 317-6583 View (626) 317-6583
Photo of Michael Skibba, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Michael Skibba
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
Michael Skibba, LCSW, is a dedicated therapist at LifeStance Health, providing compassionate and individualized mental health care to adults and seniors across California. With over a decade of experience, he specializes in helping individuals navigate life s complexities, offering support for addiction, trauma, and midlife transitions. His approach is rooted in building emotional resilience, empowering clients to manage stress and achieve a fulfilling, balanced life. Whether working with individuals facing substance use challenges, processing grief, or adjusting to major life changes, Michael provides a safe and supportive space.
Michael Skibba, LCSW, is a dedicated therapist at LifeStance Health, providing compassionate and individualized mental health care to adults and seniors across California. With over a decade of experience, he specializes in helping individuals navigate life s complexities, offering support for addiction, trauma, and midlife transitions. His approach is rooted in building emotional resilience, empowering clients to manage stress and achieve a fulfilling, balanced life. Whether working with individuals facing substance use challenges, processing grief, or adjusting to major life changes, Michael provides a safe and supportive space.
(323) 274-1473 View (323) 274-1473
Photo of Crystal Lawson, Marriage & Family Therapist, MSc, MFCT, LMFT
Crystal Lawson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSc, MFCT, LMFT
Serves Area
I began contributing to the helping fields since 2007 when I started working with families with special needs children. I spent a few years specializing in behavior therapy for children and adolescents with cognitive and emotional challenges. During school, I spent time interning at the Salvation Army's rehabilitation center in Anaheim CA. From that association sprang many years working with and specializing in the techniques that best serve comorbid and addiction issues. Many people feel addiction is a stand along issue; my experience has shown me that many more people have emotional pain at the core of addiction.
I began contributing to the helping fields since 2007 when I started working with families with special needs children. I spent a few years specializing in behavior therapy for children and adolescents with cognitive and emotional challenges. During school, I spent time interning at the Salvation Army's rehabilitation center in Anaheim CA. From that association sprang many years working with and specializing in the techniques that best serve comorbid and addiction issues. Many people feel addiction is a stand along issue; my experience has shown me that many more people have emotional pain at the core of addiction.
(818) 699-0591 View (818) 699-0591
Photo of Christine Posadas-McGonnigal, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Christine Posadas-McGonnigal
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Serves Area
Her specialities are in anxiety and depression, with a particular focus on intergenerational issues regarding communication, feelings comprehension and expression, boundary-setting and identity. She will work with you to understand presenting problems, tailor interventions to meet your needs, identify your goals, and navigate how to achieve them by tapping into your strengths and improve how you cope. She believes you deserve to share your unique voice and experiences with someone who will listen, validate, help you understand your needs, and communicate them assertively.
Her specialities are in anxiety and depression, with a particular focus on intergenerational issues regarding communication, feelings comprehension and expression, boundary-setting and identity. She will work with you to understand presenting problems, tailor interventions to meet your needs, identify your goals, and navigate how to achieve them by tapping into your strengths and improve how you cope. She believes you deserve to share your unique voice and experiences with someone who will listen, validate, help you understand your needs, and communicate them assertively.
(323) 968-5664 View (323) 968-5664
Photo of Justine Adelman, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Justine Adelman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
Welcome and congratulations in taking the first step in the journey towards growth and empowerment for you and your family. My name is Justine Adelman, LMFT, and I am here to tell you that you are not alone. Whether you or your family member is struggling with anxiety, trauma, child-parent relational issues, anger management, behavior issues, parenting struggles, grief/loss, autism, ADHD, OCD or postpartum depression to name a few, we are in this together. My passion is in helping children, adolescents and families. I believe that it takes a village to raise a child, and I would love to be part of your village.
Welcome and congratulations in taking the first step in the journey towards growth and empowerment for you and your family. My name is Justine Adelman, LMFT, and I am here to tell you that you are not alone. Whether you or your family member is struggling with anxiety, trauma, child-parent relational issues, anger management, behavior issues, parenting struggles, grief/loss, autism, ADHD, OCD or postpartum depression to name a few, we are in this together. My passion is in helping children, adolescents and families. I believe that it takes a village to raise a child, and I would love to be part of your village.
(323) 701-1495 View (323) 701-1495
Photo of Jane Cunha, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, ATR, LMHC
Jane Cunha
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, ATR, LMHC
Serves Area
I believe that the first step toward a more healthy life begins with the decision to facilitate change. That decision is wise and brave, but it can also bring up feelings of fear or sadness. I can assist you as you move through these emotions into a period of positive transition. In the process, obstacles in your life can be transformed into stepping stones toward greater self awareness and joy.
I believe that the first step toward a more healthy life begins with the decision to facilitate change. That decision is wise and brave, but it can also bring up feelings of fear or sadness. I can assist you as you move through these emotions into a period of positive transition. In the process, obstacles in your life can be transformed into stepping stones toward greater self awareness and joy.
(727) 295-0016 View (727) 295-0016
Photo of Ben Johnides, Psychologist, PhD
Ben Johnides
Psychologist, PhD
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
I specialize in treating kids and adults with anxiety and OCD using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP). I also offer SPACE (Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions), a treatment for caregivers of anxious children.
I specialize in treating kids and adults with anxiety and OCD using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP). I also offer SPACE (Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions), a treatment for caregivers of anxious children.
(626) 240-5073 View (626) 240-5073
Photo of Alyssa Basulto, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Alyssa Basulto
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
Growth and comfort do not coexist. "- Ginni Rometty My belief on therapy is that it takes courage to be open to seek support. I believe change occurs daily, and if you are reading this you demonstrated the first step towards change, and for that I applaud you. For therapy to be effective it is essential to find a therapist that is your perfect fit. I strive to create a space where you are free from judgment, a place where you put down the persona we present out in the world where your true self can be seen and heard. I believe there is not a one size fits all approach, and you are the expert in your life.
Growth and comfort do not coexist. "- Ginni Rometty My belief on therapy is that it takes courage to be open to seek support. I believe change occurs daily, and if you are reading this you demonstrated the first step towards change, and for that I applaud you. For therapy to be effective it is essential to find a therapist that is your perfect fit. I strive to create a space where you are free from judgment, a place where you put down the persona we present out in the world where your true self can be seen and heard. I believe there is not a one size fits all approach, and you are the expert in your life.
(323) 379-1294 View (323) 379-1294
Photo of Dr. Dale Alexander, Psychologist, PhD, PsyD
Dr. Dale Alexander
Psychologist, PhD, PsyD
Serves Area
Dr. Dale Alexander is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2000. She has a Ph.D. in Psychology. Dr. Alexander helps clients to learn healthy coping skills, insight, and a stronger sense of self. In her free time, Dr. Alexander enjoys art, music, dance, movies, books, and cats.
Dr. Dale Alexander is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2000. She has a Ph.D. in Psychology. Dr. Alexander helps clients to learn healthy coping skills, insight, and a stronger sense of self. In her free time, Dr. Alexander enjoys art, music, dance, movies, books, and cats.
(323) 402-6458 View (323) 402-6458

See more therapy options for North Arroyo, Pasadena

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in North Arroyo, Pasadena, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in North Arroyo, Pasadena, CA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
90% Depression
66% Life Transitions
64% Grief
63% Relationship Issues
61% Trauma and PTSD
55% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% Aetna
79% Cigna and Evernorth
70% Other

How Therapists in North Arroyo, Pasadena, CA see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in North Arroyo, Pasadena?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.