Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) Therapists in Oakland, CA

Photo of Dr. Skyellen Kulanu, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Skyellen Kulanu
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Some treatment approaches I draw from are; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and A Psychobiological Approach to Couple Therapy (PACT).
My style is direct, engaged, and solution oriented. I see therapy as a combination of exploration/self reflection, paired with concrete actions to help you meet your goals. I incorporate mindfulness and self compassion work into my approach. When we stay curious and kind with ourselves we can shift from shame to growth.
Some treatment approaches I draw from are; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and A Psychobiological Approach to Couple Therapy (PACT).
My style is direct, engaged, and solution oriented. I see therapy as a combination of exploration/self reflection, paired with concrete actions to help you meet your goals. I incorporate mindfulness and self compassion work into my approach. When we stay curious and kind with ourselves we can shift from shame to growth.
(510) 738-2953 View (510) 738-2953
Photo of Sara Durham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sara Durham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Oakland, CA 94618
I am a firm believer that you are the expert in your own experience; my job is to act as a guide, walking alongside you as you navigate your internal world and make changes that feel authentic and aligned with your values.
It's not always easy to seek support, and you've already taken a courageous step by considering therapy. You might be feeling overwhelmed with responsibilities, trapped by discouraging thoughts, or exhausted both mentally and emotionally. You might feel as though the important relationships in your life are just not working, that things you used to enjoy are falling flat. Many of my clients have struggled with low self-esteem, family conflict, trauma, and stress. I believe that entering therapy to improve emotional wellbeing and strengthen relationships can pave the way to a healthy, fulfilling life.
I am a firm believer that you are the expert in your own experience; my job is to act as a guide, walking alongside you as you navigate your internal world and make changes that feel authentic and aligned with your values.
It's not always easy to seek support, and you've already taken a courageous step by considering therapy. You might be feeling overwhelmed with responsibilities, trapped by discouraging thoughts, or exhausted both mentally and emotionally. You might feel as though the important relationships in your life are just not working, that things you used to enjoy are falling flat. Many of my clients have struggled with low self-esteem, family conflict, trauma, and stress. I believe that entering therapy to improve emotional wellbeing and strengthen relationships can pave the way to a healthy, fulfilling life.
(510) 269-7376 View (510) 269-7376
Photo of Laura Matthews, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Laura Matthews
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
I also incorporate principles from ACT & Gestalt Therapy.
Are you feeling stuck or unmotivated? Does every decision feel overwhelming to you? Feeling lonely or isolated? In these modern and disconnected times it’s not uncommon to feel… just not right even in the absence of a major life stressor. Many people enter therapy when it’s hard to even put a finger on what’s wrong but you know you haven’t been feeling right. I specialize in working with clients with anxiety, depression, adjusting to life transitions and new medical diagnosis.I approach therapy with compassion, curiosity & warmth. I believe that through exploration comes greater understanding of ourselves & others. With this new
I also incorporate principles from ACT & Gestalt Therapy.
Are you feeling stuck or unmotivated? Does every decision feel overwhelming to you? Feeling lonely or isolated? In these modern and disconnected times it’s not uncommon to feel… just not right even in the absence of a major life stressor. Many people enter therapy when it’s hard to even put a finger on what’s wrong but you know you haven’t been feeling right. I specialize in working with clients with anxiety, depression, adjusting to life transitions and new medical diagnosis.I approach therapy with compassion, curiosity & warmth. I believe that through exploration comes greater understanding of ourselves & others. With this new
(510) 443-1848 View (510) 443-1848
Photo of Daphne Ng, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Daphne Ng
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Oakland, CA 94618
I've received specialized training for treating anxiety and OCD with ERP and ACT models.
Sometimes, we get stuck in patterns that might have been helpful at some point in our lives but are not so helpful to us now. These patterns show up in the ways we respond in our relationships, in work/school, to challenges, and to ourselves. We’ll approach therapy as collaborators to build up your skills and strengths to get you unstuck. In our work together, we'll gently explore the past, so we can create an action plan for a different future. We'll recontextualize what no longer serves you and make space for your curious, creative self to emerge.
I've received specialized training for treating anxiety and OCD with ERP and ACT models.
Sometimes, we get stuck in patterns that might have been helpful at some point in our lives but are not so helpful to us now. These patterns show up in the ways we respond in our relationships, in work/school, to challenges, and to ourselves. We’ll approach therapy as collaborators to build up your skills and strengths to get you unstuck. In our work together, we'll gently explore the past, so we can create an action plan for a different future. We'll recontextualize what no longer serves you and make space for your curious, creative self to emerge.
(415) 917-2947 View (415) 917-2947
Photo of Carolina Castro Almeida, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Carolina Castro Almeida
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I utilize techniques from CBT, Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), ACT, Motivational Interviewing (MI), as well as a multicultural and trauma-focused perspective.
My approach is fluid and ever changing to meet the unique needs and goals of each individual client. Together, we will identify and create priorities and strategies that will help you achieve your goals.
I utilize techniques from CBT, Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), ACT, Motivational Interviewing (MI), as well as a multicultural and trauma-focused perspective.
My approach is fluid and ever changing to meet the unique needs and goals of each individual client. Together, we will identify and create priorities and strategies that will help you achieve your goals.
(510) 318-3573 View (510) 318-3573
Photo of Lauren-Tara Weinman, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Lauren-Tara Weinman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
I do this by using a Psychodynamic approach as well as treating the symptoms with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.
I’m a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. My approach to therapy is helping clients find the resources in themselves to empower themselves for a better future. I enjoy working with teenagers, young adults, and the LGBTQ+ community. I enjoy working with teens and young adults so that they feel like they have a space to process things when they are starting on their journey to adulthood. I also enjoy working with the LGBTQ+ population to give them a safe space to be their authentic selves.
I do this by using a Psychodynamic approach as well as treating the symptoms with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.
I’m a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. My approach to therapy is helping clients find the resources in themselves to empower themselves for a better future. I enjoy working with teenagers, young adults, and the LGBTQ+ community. I enjoy working with teens and young adults so that they feel like they have a space to process things when they are starting on their journey to adulthood. I also enjoy working with the LGBTQ+ population to give them a safe space to be their authentic selves.
(510) 495-1463 View (510) 495-1463
Photo of Tim Barry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Tim Barry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
6 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
I have a strengths-based and client-centered approach in therapy, and I integrate evidenced-based skills including RO DBT, ACT, and CBT.
I am passionate about supporting people in addressing a range of different challenges that may be impacting their lives. I believe that people are inherently resilient, and that building a strong therapeutic relationship can help you access both existing strengths and build new ones. While I may be an expert in a particular therapeutic model, you are an expert in your experience, and our ability to work together using evidence-based practices will help you reach your goals. I will take an active approach in your care by collaboratively building rapport and tailoring your care to meet your unique needs.
I have a strengths-based and client-centered approach in therapy, and I integrate evidenced-based skills including RO DBT, ACT, and CBT.
I am passionate about supporting people in addressing a range of different challenges that may be impacting their lives. I believe that people are inherently resilient, and that building a strong therapeutic relationship can help you access both existing strengths and build new ones. While I may be an expert in a particular therapeutic model, you are an expert in your experience, and our ability to work together using evidence-based practices will help you reach your goals. I will take an active approach in your care by collaboratively building rapport and tailoring your care to meet your unique needs.
(510) 567-7566 View (510) 567-7566
Photo of Emily Pavlisin, Psychologist, PsyD
Emily Pavlisin
Psychologist, PsyD
Oakland, CA 94610
My style is warm, relational, authentic, and evidence-based (drawing primarily from ACT and CBT).
Starting the search for a therapist can feel daunting, but when you find the right fit, it can be life changing. In our work together, I aim to empower you with meaningful insight, gentle accountability, and practical tools for growth. Together, we will help you make the powerful and lasting changes you are seeking in your life. My clients are often seeking a deeper understanding of themselves or their relationships, more alignment with meaning in their lives, support around a change or stressor, effective coping skills, or just wanting to feel better.
My style is warm, relational, authentic, and evidence-based (drawing primarily from ACT and CBT).
Starting the search for a therapist can feel daunting, but when you find the right fit, it can be life changing. In our work together, I aim to empower you with meaningful insight, gentle accountability, and practical tools for growth. Together, we will help you make the powerful and lasting changes you are seeking in your life. My clients are often seeking a deeper understanding of themselves or their relationships, more alignment with meaning in their lives, support around a change or stressor, effective coping skills, or just wanting to feel better.
(650) 686-2256 View (650) 686-2256
Photo of Rachel Willimott, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Rachel Willimott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
With techniques like Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and self-compassion, I aim for tangible, lasting change, helping you create your desired life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges? Struggling with anxiety, depression, ADHD, or trauma? You're not alone and you're taking the first step toward positive change by considering therapy. Beyond symptom management, you seek connection, understanding, and strategies for better relationships and wellbeing. You yearn for groundedness amidst chaos, aiming not just for relief but authentic living and fulfillment. Let's uncover the roots of your concerns, address them with compassion, and help you emerge resilient and empowered.
With techniques like Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and self-compassion, I aim for tangible, lasting change, helping you create your desired life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges? Struggling with anxiety, depression, ADHD, or trauma? You're not alone and you're taking the first step toward positive change by considering therapy. Beyond symptom management, you seek connection, understanding, and strategies for better relationships and wellbeing. You yearn for groundedness amidst chaos, aiming not just for relief but authentic living and fulfillment. Let's uncover the roots of your concerns, address them with compassion, and help you emerge resilient and empowered.
(510) 560-7097 View (510) 560-7097
Photo of Marcus Jones, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Marcus Jones
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Online Only
My therapeutic approach is integrative and client-centered, combining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT), and Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT).
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with over 20 years of experience in mental health. I specialize in helping individuals navigate challenges related to addiction, anger, anxiety, Trauma, self-confidence, and relationship stress. My approach is compassionate, client-centered, and tailored to each person’s unique needs, focusing on fostering growth, resilience, and well-being.
My therapeutic approach is integrative and client-centered, combining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT), and Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT).
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with over 20 years of experience in mental health. I specialize in helping individuals navigate challenges related to addiction, anger, anxiety, Trauma, self-confidence, and relationship stress. My approach is compassionate, client-centered, and tailored to each person’s unique needs, focusing on fostering growth, resilience, and well-being.
(510) 345-0722 View (510) 345-0722
Photo of Melanie Maddox, Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW, EMDR, BSP
Melanie Maddox
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW, EMDR, BSP
Online Only
I utilize CBT, DBT, ACT, and Trauma-informed care to help you manage symptoms and promote healing and growth.
I specialize in low self-esteem, relational trauma, childhood trauma, and attachment wounds. I have a passion for trauma recovery and rediscovering self-worth and inner strength. I utilize EMDR, Brainspotting, and trauma-focused therapy to address both the cognitive and somatic impacts of trauma, emphasizing their resilience, and rekind hope for the future.
I utilize CBT, DBT, ACT, and Trauma-informed care to help you manage symptoms and promote healing and growth.
I specialize in low self-esteem, relational trauma, childhood trauma, and attachment wounds. I have a passion for trauma recovery and rediscovering self-worth and inner strength. I utilize EMDR, Brainspotting, and trauma-focused therapy to address both the cognitive and somatic impacts of trauma, emphasizing their resilience, and rekind hope for the future.
(415) 236-9452 View (415) 236-9452
Photo of Sherna Perez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sherna Perez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
I specialize in Acceptance Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to build a new frame of viewing your challenges.
Reaching out for help is hard. The stress of life can be overwhelming and sometimes worries, sadness, and feelings of burnout can get the best of us. We can feel stuck when efforts to improve relationships or change old habits have stalled. Whatever brings you here, we are glad you found us and, most importantly, we can help! We know that a strong therapeutic relationship is the most important factor for change and growth. . We meet you where you are with unconditional positive regard, with the firm belief that everyone needs to feel connected, safe, and heard.
I specialize in Acceptance Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to build a new frame of viewing your challenges.
Reaching out for help is hard. The stress of life can be overwhelming and sometimes worries, sadness, and feelings of burnout can get the best of us. We can feel stuck when efforts to improve relationships or change old habits have stalled. Whatever brings you here, we are glad you found us and, most importantly, we can help! We know that a strong therapeutic relationship is the most important factor for change and growth. . We meet you where you are with unconditional positive regard, with the firm belief that everyone needs to feel connected, safe, and heard.
(510) 858-2392 View (510) 858-2392
Photo of Elizabeth Huck, Associate Clinical Social Worker, IFS, DBT, EMDR
Elizabeth Huck
Associate Clinical Social Worker, IFS, DBT, EMDR
Online Only
I am trained in Brainspotting, Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, IFS, ACT, & DBT, which are integral in healing by helping you address the trauma, depression, anxiety, and anger in the mind and body.
The toll of trauma, stress, anxiety, & depression builds over time, things that once seemed manageable turn into a life that's not our own, because we're stuck in survival mode. It's exhausting. As a therapist, my goal is to collaborate with you to safely navigate your inner landscape and put pieces together so you can uncover your unique abilities and create a mental health toolkit that will carry you through a lifetime. I am here to support you in working through unresolved feelings and conflicts and guide you toward healing. Therefore, you can feel empowered, rejuvenated, and enthusiastic about life again.
I am trained in Brainspotting, Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, IFS, ACT, & DBT, which are integral in healing by helping you address the trauma, depression, anxiety, and anger in the mind and body.
The toll of trauma, stress, anxiety, & depression builds over time, things that once seemed manageable turn into a life that's not our own, because we're stuck in survival mode. It's exhausting. As a therapist, my goal is to collaborate with you to safely navigate your inner landscape and put pieces together so you can uncover your unique abilities and create a mental health toolkit that will carry you through a lifetime. I am here to support you in working through unresolved feelings and conflicts and guide you toward healing. Therefore, you can feel empowered, rejuvenated, and enthusiastic about life again.
(415) 704-6912 View (415) 704-6912
Photo of Ta'quonna Lampkins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ta'quonna Lampkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Taking the first step toward therapy is an act of courage, and I want to honor you for considering this journey.
I believe that therapy is most effective when it’s tailored to your unique needs and goals. My approach is client-centered and collaborative, meaning that we work together to create a plan that resonates with you.
Taking the first step toward therapy is an act of courage, and I want to honor you for considering this journey.
I believe that therapy is most effective when it’s tailored to your unique needs and goals. My approach is client-centered and collaborative, meaning that we work together to create a plan that resonates with you.
(510) 630-2485 View (510) 630-2485
Photo of Ian Mason, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Ian Mason
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
I utilize cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and mindfulness to help my clients achieve their goals and start feeling better.
Most frequently, I use CBT and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with clients so that I can have a deeper understanding of my clients' needs and how to address them. I also employ mindfulness and self-regulation exercises regularly in my work. When working with couples, I utilize Emotion-Focused Therapy and focus on improving communication skills.
I utilize cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and mindfulness to help my clients achieve their goals and start feeling better.
Most frequently, I use CBT and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with clients so that I can have a deeper understanding of my clients' needs and how to address them. I also employ mindfulness and self-regulation exercises regularly in my work. When working with couples, I utilize Emotion-Focused Therapy and focus on improving communication skills.
(510) 298-3916 View (510) 298-3916
Photo of Oriane Rosenthal, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, CYT
Oriane Rosenthal
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, CYT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My therapeutic style is heart-centered with unconditional acceptance.
My therapeutic intention is to cultivate a safe and supportive space for clients to connect with themselves and express their deepest truths in order to foster personal growth, healing, and self awareness. Together, we will sort through difficult emotions, major life changes, past trauma, negative belief patterns, work stress, relationship challenges, grief and loss, and any other issue that is leaving you feeling stuck, distressed, or not like yourself. We will explore the roots of what is going on, implement tools to promote balance and resilience, process unresolved trauma, and learn how to be more loving to yourself and others.
My therapeutic style is heart-centered with unconditional acceptance.
My therapeutic intention is to cultivate a safe and supportive space for clients to connect with themselves and express their deepest truths in order to foster personal growth, healing, and self awareness. Together, we will sort through difficult emotions, major life changes, past trauma, negative belief patterns, work stress, relationship challenges, grief and loss, and any other issue that is leaving you feeling stuck, distressed, or not like yourself. We will explore the roots of what is going on, implement tools to promote balance and resilience, process unresolved trauma, and learn how to be more loving to yourself and others.
(510) 544-6659 View (510) 544-6659
Photo of Lori Andrews, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Lori Andrews
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Art therapy promotes a sense of well-being just by the very act of doing it.
I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist in California. I am interested in the changes that you are going through, how you are dealing with challenges, and what you want your life to be. I am committed to helping you access innate strengths, recognize and let go of what no longer serves you, and align with what is important to you.
Art therapy promotes a sense of well-being just by the very act of doing it.
I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist in California. I am interested in the changes that you are going through, how you are dealing with challenges, and what you want your life to be. I am committed to helping you access innate strengths, recognize and let go of what no longer serves you, and align with what is important to you.
(510) 330-1128 View (510) 330-1128
Photo of Christina Pascarzi, Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Christina Pascarzi
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My approach includes CBT, ACT, and Mindful Self-Compassion.
Everyone experiences anxiety at times but for some it occurs so often that it becomes overwhelming. If you feel this way you may cope by shutting down and avoiding the situations that trigger your anxiety. This can make life feel less fulfilling because the areas of life that trigger anxiety are often the same ones that make it meaningful. It is painful to avoid the things you care about because you are also trying to avoid anxiety. In therapy you can learn how to work through your anxiety to experience more of the life you want.
My approach includes CBT, ACT, and Mindful Self-Compassion.
Everyone experiences anxiety at times but for some it occurs so often that it becomes overwhelming. If you feel this way you may cope by shutting down and avoiding the situations that trigger your anxiety. This can make life feel less fulfilling because the areas of life that trigger anxiety are often the same ones that make it meaningful. It is painful to avoid the things you care about because you are also trying to avoid anxiety. In therapy you can learn how to work through your anxiety to experience more of the life you want.
View
Photo of Jennifer Barkin, Psychologist, PsyD
Jennifer Barkin
Psychologist, PsyD
Oakland, CA 94618
I incorporate Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Mindful Self-Compassion to support you in looking at what’s not working for you in your life and work towards change.
I provide individual psychotherapy to adults struggling with anxiety, depression, relational problems, work stress, life transitions, and addiction or substance use concerns. I take a collaborative approach when working with clients to identify treatment goals and integrate evidence-based therapies in order to build coping skills and increase resilience. My goal in working with clients is to create a supportive non-judgmental space that is conducive to self-reflection and self-compassion. After all, self-loathing and shame are not motivators for change; they get us stuck.
I incorporate Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Mindful Self-Compassion to support you in looking at what’s not working for you in your life and work towards change.
I provide individual psychotherapy to adults struggling with anxiety, depression, relational problems, work stress, life transitions, and addiction or substance use concerns. I take a collaborative approach when working with clients to identify treatment goals and integrate evidence-based therapies in order to build coping skills and increase resilience. My goal in working with clients is to create a supportive non-judgmental space that is conducive to self-reflection and self-compassion. After all, self-loathing and shame are not motivators for change; they get us stuck.
(510) 996-4614 View (510) 996-4614
Photo of Chris Stach, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PPS, MA
Chris Stach
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PPS, MA
Oakland, CA 94611
I specialize in Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
The challenges of growing up in today's rapidly changing society are enormous. Children and adolescents need to be equipped with skills for survival and growth that were never before imagined. Some of the more common issues I help my young clients with include anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide ideation, perfectionism, self confidence, challenging peer relationships, social anxiety and difficult family dynamics. I also work with parents offering them guidance and support.
I specialize in Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
The challenges of growing up in today's rapidly changing society are enormous. Children and adolescents need to be equipped with skills for survival and growth that were never before imagined. Some of the more common issues I help my young clients with include anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide ideation, perfectionism, self confidence, challenging peer relationships, social anxiety and difficult family dynamics. I also work with parents offering them guidance and support.
(510) 345-1726 View (510) 345-1726

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Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) Therapists

How does acceptance and commitment therapy work?

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy encourages a person to listen to their self-talk. A person’s inner dialog can be indicative of how they treat themselves. ACT also encourages self-compassion; this can lead to a better understanding of negative thought patterns and emotional states. This understanding can then lead the individual to needed behavior change.

What are the goals of acceptance and commitment therapy?

The goal of acceptance and commitment is to expand a person’s psychological flexibility, a trait that encourages an individual to live in the present moment and to accept all their thoughts, feelings, and emotions, even ones that are difficult such as sadness and anxiety. In ACT, this acceptance is congruent with the individual’s values and beliefs.

Does acceptance and commitment therapy work for depression?

Acceptance and commitment therapy is effective for depression because it allows the individual to view their discomfort and suffering differently. Depressive feelings about relationship heartaches, for example, are a part of life. A despondent person learns to let go of their struggles and instead view their painful thoughts and feelings with compassion. This will lead the individual toward positive change.

How long are people typically in acceptance and commitment therapy?

A typical acceptance and commitment therapy session is 50 minutes long with one session per week. Treatment for common problems such as anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties can last between eight weeks to four months. However, more severe cases may require more than one session a week and/or a longer time frame for treatment.