Therapists in Uptown, Oakland, CA

Photo of Gena Bowman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Gena Bowman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Uptown, Oakland, CA 94612
Are you feeling emotionally exhausted, stuck in relationship patterns that need shifting, or struggling to feel at home in your identity. I love working with individuals, couples, and teens navigating identity, gender-affirming care, and challenges related to desire and conflict—especially when shaped by trauma, systems, culture, religion, power dynamics, and lived experience. We’ll explore what brings you to therapy, clarify your values, and build practical tools to help you feel more confident and connected to yourself and others.
Are you feeling emotionally exhausted, stuck in relationship patterns that need shifting, or struggling to feel at home in your identity. I love working with individuals, couples, and teens navigating identity, gender-affirming care, and challenges related to desire and conflict—especially when shaped by trauma, systems, culture, religion, power dynamics, and lived experience. We’ll explore what brings you to therapy, clarify your values, and build practical tools to help you feel more confident and connected to yourself and others.
(510) 726-6621 View (510) 726-6621
Photo of Lainie Posecion, Psychologist, MS, PhD
Lainie Posecion
Psychologist, MS, PhD
Uptown, Oakland, CA 94612
Do you have concerns about your thinking, focus, or memory? Have you found it difficult to follow through with daily tasks? Are you noticing some cognitive changes and not sure how to adjust? I am here to help. Whether you are an adult or older adult, I will work with you to further evaluate your concerns about your thinking or memory. I can also help develop skills, find your new normal, and/or identify and move toward goals that align with your values.
Do you have concerns about your thinking, focus, or memory? Have you found it difficult to follow through with daily tasks? Are you noticing some cognitive changes and not sure how to adjust? I am here to help. Whether you are an adult or older adult, I will work with you to further evaluate your concerns about your thinking or memory. I can also help develop skills, find your new normal, and/or identify and move toward goals that align with your values.
(510) 661-3019 View (510) 661-3019
Photo of Julianne Jacobs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Julianne Jacobs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Uptown, Oakland, CA 94612
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker providing telehealth in California and Vermont. I value asking questions from a place of real curiosity and making sure our work is truly helpful for you. I hold the radical belief that problems are problems and people are not problems. My values in action look like approaching therapy with humor and creativity, incorporating written and artistic practices, and inviting others in to witness your journey.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker providing telehealth in California and Vermont. I value asking questions from a place of real curiosity and making sure our work is truly helpful for you. I hold the radical belief that problems are problems and people are not problems. My values in action look like approaching therapy with humor and creativity, incorporating written and artistic practices, and inviting others in to witness your journey.
(510) 800-8169 View (510) 800-8169
Photo of Emma Enav, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Emma Enav
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Uptown, Oakland, CA 94612
I work with adults, teenagers, and families looking to grow through life transitions - grief & loss, changes in family structure/relationships, healing from trauma, life phase shifts, identity exploration, growing community - to name a few. My practice pays careful attention to the stories that shape our lives. I believe we are much more interesting than the stories shame, anxiety, and depression tell us. Through careful listening, we will uncover values and competencies that guide us towards dynamic and intentional living.
I work with adults, teenagers, and families looking to grow through life transitions - grief & loss, changes in family structure/relationships, healing from trauma, life phase shifts, identity exploration, growing community - to name a few. My practice pays careful attention to the stories that shape our lives. I believe we are much more interesting than the stories shame, anxiety, and depression tell us. Through careful listening, we will uncover values and competencies that guide us towards dynamic and intentional living.
(510) 291-8428 View (510) 291-8428
Photo of Elizabeth Cover, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Elizabeth Cover
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Serves Area
Navigating life's circumstances and challenges can take up a lot of space in our lives. Maybe you are looking for more spaciousness, more time for yourself, or an extra ear to listen to and fully "get" you. Or perhaps anxiety or depression has become a constant presence, and you desire a change and want more connection. Sharing our experiences with others provides an opportunity to feel understood. In a therapeutic relationship, we explore patterns and coping strategies to better form a picture of how we operate in the world. It can help us identify what is and isn't working towards getting your needs met more fully.
Navigating life's circumstances and challenges can take up a lot of space in our lives. Maybe you are looking for more spaciousness, more time for yourself, or an extra ear to listen to and fully "get" you. Or perhaps anxiety or depression has become a constant presence, and you desire a change and want more connection. Sharing our experiences with others provides an opportunity to feel understood. In a therapeutic relationship, we explore patterns and coping strategies to better form a picture of how we operate in the world. It can help us identify what is and isn't working towards getting your needs met more fully.
(510) 984-2310 View (510) 984-2310
Photo of Kathryn Buchan, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Kathryn Buchan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Serves Area
Do you feel like you have more to give the world? Are you having trouble at school or at work? Self esteem and confidence lagging? Anxiety and worry keeping you from fulfilling your potential? I help adolescents and young adults lean into their true selves to identify their strengths and combat their concerns. Whether you are dealing with school-age issues, anxiety and worry, or relationship struggles your needs will always be at the center of our sessions. We will use a brief solution-focused approach and draw upon evidence-based counseling techniques to identify and work toward your goals.
Do you feel like you have more to give the world? Are you having trouble at school or at work? Self esteem and confidence lagging? Anxiety and worry keeping you from fulfilling your potential? I help adolescents and young adults lean into their true selves to identify their strengths and combat their concerns. Whether you are dealing with school-age issues, anxiety and worry, or relationship struggles your needs will always be at the center of our sessions. We will use a brief solution-focused approach and draw upon evidence-based counseling techniques to identify and work toward your goals.
(530) 429-7150 View (530) 429-7150
Photo of Tamie Cox, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Tamie Cox
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Serves Area
I felt called to help others in a way that focused on mind and spirit. I've always been curious about what shapes behaviors and how people maintain resilience through challenges. I believe everyone has capacity for growth and healing, and witnessing clients move toward peace and self-discovery is profoundly rewarding. I take an integrative approach, drawing on proven methods that fit your needs. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to reframe unhelpful thoughts and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for mindfulness and emotional regulation.
I felt called to help others in a way that focused on mind and spirit. I've always been curious about what shapes behaviors and how people maintain resilience through challenges. I believe everyone has capacity for growth and healing, and witnessing clients move toward peace and self-discovery is profoundly rewarding. I take an integrative approach, drawing on proven methods that fit your needs. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to reframe unhelpful thoughts and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for mindfulness and emotional regulation.
(707) 598-8772 View (707) 598-8772
Photo of Jennifer R Panish, Psychologist, PsyD
Jennifer R Panish
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
As a Clinical Psychologist, I help people create meaningful change in their lives. My approach is self empowering and compassionate with a sensitivity to cultural differences and social justice. My strength as a therapist is in making deep connections with people, creating a sense of safety and helping clients identify and confront their issues. My personality style is warm, sincere, and down to earth. Those who see me describe me as someone who is "caring, warm, a great listener, interactive, and offers honest insightful feedback."
As a Clinical Psychologist, I help people create meaningful change in their lives. My approach is self empowering and compassionate with a sensitivity to cultural differences and social justice. My strength as a therapist is in making deep connections with people, creating a sense of safety and helping clients identify and confront their issues. My personality style is warm, sincere, and down to earth. Those who see me describe me as someone who is "caring, warm, a great listener, interactive, and offers honest insightful feedback."
(510) 488-2492 View (510) 488-2492
Photo of Danielle Elle Saunders, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Danielle Elle Saunders
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Serves Area
Experience compassion and open-heartedness in everyday life and freedom from patterns of the past. I see individuals, couples and families with issues of integrating trauma, communication/knowing your truth, healing sexuality/deep connection, infidelity, addiction and family concerns. I help clients find a fuller, more alive life, in partnership with the people and family, chosen or from birth, around them.
Experience compassion and open-heartedness in everyday life and freedom from patterns of the past. I see individuals, couples and families with issues of integrating trauma, communication/knowing your truth, healing sexuality/deep connection, infidelity, addiction and family concerns. I help clients find a fuller, more alive life, in partnership with the people and family, chosen or from birth, around them.
(510) 345-1272 View (510) 345-1272
Photo of Adam Eigner-Herrera - Adam Eigner-Herrera, PhD, Psychologist, PhD
Adam Eigner-Herrera, PhD
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
If you want a more satisfying relationship or an improved sex life, consult with a California and New Mexico licensed psychologist with over 25 years experience working successfully with individuals and couples from many cultures, with specialized training in effective treatment of couples and sexual issues. Having shifted my practice to a couples specialty over the last decade, I now work 95% with couples, plus a few individuals focusing on relationship issues. I provide tele/video-therapy to clients anywhere in California or New Mexico and in person in Santa Fe. Call me for a free telephone consultation.
If you want a more satisfying relationship or an improved sex life, consult with a California and New Mexico licensed psychologist with over 25 years experience working successfully with individuals and couples from many cultures, with specialized training in effective treatment of couples and sexual issues. Having shifted my practice to a couples specialty over the last decade, I now work 95% with couples, plus a few individuals focusing on relationship issues. I provide tele/video-therapy to clients anywhere in California or New Mexico and in person in Santa Fe. Call me for a free telephone consultation.
(510) 592-4933 View (510) 592-4933
Photo of Elizabeth Michaud, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Elizabeth Michaud
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Serves Area
Liz’s approach is inspired by Internal Family Systems (IFS), Drama Therapy and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). She specializes in helping her clients to build healthier relationships with themselves, inside of themselves. She believes that the most important relationship that you'll ever have is the one you have with yourself. She believes that our relationship with ourselves often influences how we relate to other people, how we make choices and how confident we feel about our ability to achieve our dreams.
Liz’s approach is inspired by Internal Family Systems (IFS), Drama Therapy and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). She specializes in helping her clients to build healthier relationships with themselves, inside of themselves. She believes that the most important relationship that you'll ever have is the one you have with yourself. She believes that our relationship with ourselves often influences how we relate to other people, how we make choices and how confident we feel about our ability to achieve our dreams.
(510) 391-4460 View (510) 391-4460
Photo of Sharon Yu, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Sharon Yu
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
9 Endorsed
Serves Area
You’d say that you are observant, conscientious, and driven. You pride yourself in your successes so far but struggle to take credit for them. You're hard on yourself but the thought of self-forgiveness or compassion brings up guilt. You're really good at being there for others and notice not receiving the same back. Self-doubt and loneliness keep you up at night and bleed into anxieties about work, relationships, and your kids if you’re a parent. You're not looking for temporary bandaids and believe sustainable healing is continuous and worth investing in. In relationships, you desire restoration of connection with your partner.
You’d say that you are observant, conscientious, and driven. You pride yourself in your successes so far but struggle to take credit for them. You're hard on yourself but the thought of self-forgiveness or compassion brings up guilt. You're really good at being there for others and notice not receiving the same back. Self-doubt and loneliness keep you up at night and bleed into anxieties about work, relationships, and your kids if you’re a parent. You're not looking for temporary bandaids and believe sustainable healing is continuous and worth investing in. In relationships, you desire restoration of connection with your partner.
(626) 325-0637 View (626) 325-0637
Photo of Lauren Ludlow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lauren Ludlow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
6 Endorsed
Serves Area
You're checking all the boxes: relationships, responsibilities, obligations, and career and you are great at doing what needs to be done. But inside, you are constantly in survival mode, nervous system dysregulated, anxious, and disconnected. You’ve been performing, perfecting, and doing for so long and you need to find your joy, your ease, your clarity, yourself. Or maybe it is your relationship that is stuck on autopilot. You two are getting through the days, managing tasks, and avoiding blow-ups. But the spark, intimacy, and real connection you once had feel far away. You want to re-connect and build intimacy.
You're checking all the boxes: relationships, responsibilities, obligations, and career and you are great at doing what needs to be done. But inside, you are constantly in survival mode, nervous system dysregulated, anxious, and disconnected. You’ve been performing, perfecting, and doing for so long and you need to find your joy, your ease, your clarity, yourself. Or maybe it is your relationship that is stuck on autopilot. You two are getting through the days, managing tasks, and avoiding blow-ups. But the spark, intimacy, and real connection you once had feel far away. You want to re-connect and build intimacy.
(209) 553-4636 View (209) 553-4636
Photo of Elizabeth Starmann, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Elizabeth Starmann
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Serves Area
Sliding scale slot currently available! Are you feeling stuck in your relationships or family life? Perhaps you never thought it could be this hard and nothing seems to work. I specialize in supporting clients to build better relationships and navigate life transitions. This includes helping partners with repetitive fights, communication challenges, intimacy issues and making hard decisions. I offer a Relationship Boost Program for newer/premarital couples, relationship therapy for those struggling and individual therapy around transitions, loss, grief and finding purpose. I offer warmth, hope, openness and skilled listening.
Sliding scale slot currently available! Are you feeling stuck in your relationships or family life? Perhaps you never thought it could be this hard and nothing seems to work. I specialize in supporting clients to build better relationships and navigate life transitions. This includes helping partners with repetitive fights, communication challenges, intimacy issues and making hard decisions. I offer a Relationship Boost Program for newer/premarital couples, relationship therapy for those struggling and individual therapy around transitions, loss, grief and finding purpose. I offer warmth, hope, openness and skilled listening.
(341) 895-5752 View (341) 895-5752
Photo of Ida Ahmadi, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Ida Ahmadi
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
If you've ever felt lost or stuck in a painful pattern or conflict, or struggle with overwhelming emotions, or have trouble connecting with them, therapy with me is a profound way to discover yourself again and have new experiences. To restore balance and flexibility, and to reawaken your inherent capacity for joy and resilience. I listen with attention, empathy, & curiosity as we encounter and explore your conflicts, pains, and desires. We accomplish your goals by concentrating on what is important to you in a space where you will be listened to and heard, and where we will share an honest & accurate reflection of your experience.
If you've ever felt lost or stuck in a painful pattern or conflict, or struggle with overwhelming emotions, or have trouble connecting with them, therapy with me is a profound way to discover yourself again and have new experiences. To restore balance and flexibility, and to reawaken your inherent capacity for joy and resilience. I listen with attention, empathy, & curiosity as we encounter and explore your conflicts, pains, and desires. We accomplish your goals by concentrating on what is important to you in a space where you will be listened to and heard, and where we will share an honest & accurate reflection of your experience.
(510) 256-7495 View (510) 256-7495
Photo of Erin Boyle Fon, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Erin Boyle Fon
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
I'm a former tech worker turned therapist, and I love working with people who feel things really deeply. Do you cry at the smallest things? Snap at people you care about? Worry endlessly about things that haven't even happened yet? You're exhausted from feeling so much, all the time—and nothing you've tried seems to help for long. You're probably here because something fundamental isn't working anymore. Maybe you've tried therapy before, but the tools felt like band-aids on something deeper. Maybe you're just done feeling this way.
I'm a former tech worker turned therapist, and I love working with people who feel things really deeply. Do you cry at the smallest things? Snap at people you care about? Worry endlessly about things that haven't even happened yet? You're exhausted from feeling so much, all the time—and nothing you've tried seems to help for long. You're probably here because something fundamental isn't working anymore. Maybe you've tried therapy before, but the tools felt like band-aids on something deeper. Maybe you're just done feeling this way.
(510) 973-4112 View (510) 973-4112
Photo of Jennifer Kolbow, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Jennifer Kolbow
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
I took a somewhat unconventional path to become a therapist, first having a career in the corporate world in sales management. After becoming a mother, I realized how HARD motherhood was and how there wasn't a "What to Expect" book for transitioning from corporate woman to stay-at-home mom. I eventually chose to pursue a career as a therapist so that I could support others in ways I wished I had been supported. Along the way, I have worked with a lot of children and teens, and want to help support them as well because it's also hard growing up in a world with social media, after an unprecedented period of isolation.
I took a somewhat unconventional path to become a therapist, first having a career in the corporate world in sales management. After becoming a mother, I realized how HARD motherhood was and how there wasn't a "What to Expect" book for transitioning from corporate woman to stay-at-home mom. I eventually chose to pursue a career as a therapist so that I could support others in ways I wished I had been supported. Along the way, I have worked with a lot of children and teens, and want to help support them as well because it's also hard growing up in a world with social media, after an unprecedented period of isolation.
(951) 355-1690 View (951) 355-1690
Photo of Lilly Servera, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lilly Servera
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Often, people I work with are seeking more peace, empowerment, and healthier relationships with others and with themselves. They talk about wanting to feel more secure and shift longstanding patterns, in order to live a life that is fulfilling to them. I strive to help individuals feel more confident, attuned to themselves, and compassionate to parts of themselves, especially those that can be hard to accept. Clients come see me for support around symptoms of anxiety & depression, relationship stressors, life transitions, grief, identity exploration, as well as overcoming various symptoms of trauma.
Often, people I work with are seeking more peace, empowerment, and healthier relationships with others and with themselves. They talk about wanting to feel more secure and shift longstanding patterns, in order to live a life that is fulfilling to them. I strive to help individuals feel more confident, attuned to themselves, and compassionate to parts of themselves, especially those that can be hard to accept. Clients come see me for support around symptoms of anxiety & depression, relationship stressors, life transitions, grief, identity exploration, as well as overcoming various symptoms of trauma.
(510) 560-7794 View (510) 560-7794
Lauren Ores Phillips
Psychologist, PhD
Serves Area
I provide psychotherapy for adults, teenagers and children, consultation regarding parenting issues, and play therapy for children with behavioral or emotional issues. My work with adults has covered a broad spectrum - from people who are having problems with relationships or need help with stress management and coping skills, to people suffering from anxiety disorders and depression. I specialize in women's issues and life transitions. My goal is to help people get through difficult and challenging times and see opportunities for growth.
I provide psychotherapy for adults, teenagers and children, consultation regarding parenting issues, and play therapy for children with behavioral or emotional issues. My work with adults has covered a broad spectrum - from people who are having problems with relationships or need help with stress management and coping skills, to people suffering from anxiety disorders and depression. I specialize in women's issues and life transitions. My goal is to help people get through difficult and challenging times and see opportunities for growth.
(510) 858-0654 View (510) 858-0654
Photo of Emily L Winesberry, Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT, LMFT
Emily L Winesberry
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Changing your life can be scary. And after you make the changes, it can be difficult to keep them in place. But know you are not alone in your journey towards feeling better. You can create your ideal life by practicing tools to calm anxiety, reduce stress, and deal with the pressure you may be feeling from everyday life.
Changing your life can be scary. And after you make the changes, it can be difficult to keep them in place. But know you are not alone in your journey towards feeling better. You can create your ideal life by practicing tools to calm anxiety, reduce stress, and deal with the pressure you may be feeling from everyday life.
(316) 745-2433 View (316) 745-2433

See more therapy options for Uptown, Oakland

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Uptown, Oakland, CA

200+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Uptown, Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
86% Depression
71% Self Esteem
64% Trauma and PTSD
52% Grief
49% Relationship Issues
47% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

66% Aetna
62% Cigna and Evernorth
40% Optum

How Therapists in Uptown, Oakland, CA see their clients

61% Online Only
39% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Uptown?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.