Therapists in Shafter, Oakland, CA

Photo of Christine K Pess, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Christine K Pess
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94609
I see individuals and couples in my peaceful and beautifully furnished office in the Rockridge neighborhood of Oakland. I strive to create a comfortable, accepting and encouraging space, since the quality of the relationship between therapist and client is essential to the work.
I see individuals and couples in my peaceful and beautifully furnished office in the Rockridge neighborhood of Oakland. I strive to create a comfortable, accepting and encouraging space, since the quality of the relationship between therapist and client is essential to the work.
(510) 288-5115 View (510) 288-5115
Photo of Leah Wolf, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Leah Wolf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
Hello! Are you feeling overwhelmed by intense emotions that seem impossible to manage? Struggling to heal from trauma that's impacting your daily life? Navigating the world as a neurodivergent person who feels misunderstood? You're in the right place! I specialize in working with teenagers, young adults, and adults who feel stuck, disconnected, and/or ready to build practical skills for life's challenges. Whether it's emotional overwhelm, trauma, neurodivergence, depression, or identity exploration, or some combination thereof, I'm here to support you in enhancing self-acceptance and creating meaningful change!
Hello! Are you feeling overwhelmed by intense emotions that seem impossible to manage? Struggling to heal from trauma that's impacting your daily life? Navigating the world as a neurodivergent person who feels misunderstood? You're in the right place! I specialize in working with teenagers, young adults, and adults who feel stuck, disconnected, and/or ready to build practical skills for life's challenges. Whether it's emotional overwhelm, trauma, neurodivergence, depression, or identity exploration, or some combination thereof, I'm here to support you in enhancing self-acceptance and creating meaningful change!
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Photo of Jordan Hazzard, Psychologist, PsyD
Jordan Hazzard
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
I help people with existential concerns, post-traumatic conditions, and grief. I work with adults and older adolescents from all walks of life, and have extensive experience working with immigrants, adults who are transitioning through middle age, emerging young professionals, artists, and people who experience various forms of psychotic process.
I help people with existential concerns, post-traumatic conditions, and grief. I work with adults and older adolescents from all walks of life, and have extensive experience working with immigrants, adults who are transitioning through middle age, emerging young professionals, artists, and people who experience various forms of psychotic process.
(510) 617-1761 View (510) 617-1761
Photo of Diane Cohen, Psychologist, PhD
Diane Cohen
Psychologist, PhD
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
I am a highly trained clinical and consulting psychologist working in the field of psychotherapy for over 30 years. I specialize in psychodynamic psychotherapy and provide long term and brief counseling services. I am experienced with adults, adolescents, couples and families struggling with a variety of emotional issues. Specialties include relational psychology and a multi-dimensional approach to finding solutions to life's difficulties. Areas of expertise include; depression, anxiety, impostor syndrome, and adjustment to life-transitions. I have also done extensive work and research in addictions and eating disorders/body image.
I am a highly trained clinical and consulting psychologist working in the field of psychotherapy for over 30 years. I specialize in psychodynamic psychotherapy and provide long term and brief counseling services. I am experienced with adults, adolescents, couples and families struggling with a variety of emotional issues. Specialties include relational psychology and a multi-dimensional approach to finding solutions to life's difficulties. Areas of expertise include; depression, anxiety, impostor syndrome, and adjustment to life-transitions. I have also done extensive work and research in addictions and eating disorders/body image.
(510) 573-7108 View (510) 573-7108
Photo of Christina Pascarzi, Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Christina Pascarzi
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
2 Endorsed
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
Living with anxiety can feel overwhelming. When you experience frequent worry, rumination, or feel on edge most of the time, avoidance can seem like the easiest way to cope. While it may help in the short term, it can also close you off from what is important and make your life feel smaller. In therapy, we focus on helping you respond differently to anxiety so you can move toward what matters most. I work with clients experiencing anxiety in everyday life (related to relationships, work stress, or life transitions) as well as anxiety stemming from specific concerns such as panic attacks, OCD, or phobias like driving and flying.
Living with anxiety can feel overwhelming. When you experience frequent worry, rumination, or feel on edge most of the time, avoidance can seem like the easiest way to cope. While it may help in the short term, it can also close you off from what is important and make your life feel smaller. In therapy, we focus on helping you respond differently to anxiety so you can move toward what matters most. I work with clients experiencing anxiety in everyday life (related to relationships, work stress, or life transitions) as well as anxiety stemming from specific concerns such as panic attacks, OCD, or phobias like driving and flying.
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Photo of Victoria Eilish Chau, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Victoria Eilish Chau
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
2 Endorsed
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
I’m a good fit for people seeking help with big, ambiguous dread, and those who feel a general aversion to the current “wellness” trends. I'm a depth-oriented psychotherapist specializing in helping adults define themselves, process trauma, and feel more connected in relationships with friends, family, and partners.
I’m a good fit for people seeking help with big, ambiguous dread, and those who feel a general aversion to the current “wellness” trends. I'm a depth-oriented psychotherapist specializing in helping adults define themselves, process trauma, and feel more connected in relationships with friends, family, and partners.
(510) 726-9709 View (510) 726-9709
Photo of Alex Momtchiloff, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Alex Momtchiloff
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
I offer effective and compassionate support to adult individuals and couples, as well as cofounders, coworkers, and adult family members. You might be struggling with anxiety or depression, a personal challenge, or a major life transition. As a couple, you may be facing a challenge such as infidelity, loss of intimacy, communication breakdown; you may be anticipating a major change - a move, marriage, starting a family; or you may be looking for a way to end your relationship as gracefully as possible. I also have extensive experience working with cofounders and co-leaders, especially those whose relationship extends outside work.
I offer effective and compassionate support to adult individuals and couples, as well as cofounders, coworkers, and adult family members. You might be struggling with anxiety or depression, a personal challenge, or a major life transition. As a couple, you may be facing a challenge such as infidelity, loss of intimacy, communication breakdown; you may be anticipating a major change - a move, marriage, starting a family; or you may be looking for a way to end your relationship as gracefully as possible. I also have extensive experience working with cofounders and co-leaders, especially those whose relationship extends outside work.
(510) 640-8569 View (510) 640-8569
Photo of Liora Abrahams-Brosbe, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Liora Abrahams-Brosbe
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
As a Marriage and Family Therapist with over 20 years of experience, I bring the best of evidenced-based clinical interventions along with the creativity of drama and expressive arts therapy. Together we will find ways to bring more joy, ease, and connection into your life. I am proud to be authentic and real with my clients as we form a team to address the challenges you face. I am also happy to just talk, draw, or utilize many other interventions that utilize your strengths, brain research, and studies about how we thrive in relationships.
As a Marriage and Family Therapist with over 20 years of experience, I bring the best of evidenced-based clinical interventions along with the creativity of drama and expressive arts therapy. Together we will find ways to bring more joy, ease, and connection into your life. I am proud to be authentic and real with my clients as we form a team to address the challenges you face. I am also happy to just talk, draw, or utilize many other interventions that utilize your strengths, brain research, and studies about how we thrive in relationships.
(510) 941-0741 View (510) 941-0741
Photo of Mark Balabanis, Psychologist, PhD
Mark Balabanis
Psychologist, PhD
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
Thank you for considering me. I am a Psychologist in Oakland, California specializing in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). I treat anxiety and mood disorders, including bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and addiction. I also offer couple's therapy integrating CBT and John Gottman's couples therapy approaches to help couples grow closer, communicate better, and reduce and resolve conflict. I treat my patients with warmth, encouragement, and respect. I teach my patients how to understand and work with their experiences like a clinician. I would be pleased to meet you.
Thank you for considering me. I am a Psychologist in Oakland, California specializing in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). I treat anxiety and mood disorders, including bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and addiction. I also offer couple's therapy integrating CBT and John Gottman's couples therapy approaches to help couples grow closer, communicate better, and reduce and resolve conflict. I treat my patients with warmth, encouragement, and respect. I teach my patients how to understand and work with their experiences like a clinician. I would be pleased to meet you.
(510) 945-3395 View (510) 945-3395
Photo of Amy Honigman, Psychologist, PhD
Amy Honigman
Psychologist, PhD
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
I have been practicing as a psychologist in private practice for over 35 years. I specialize working with adults and young adults with anxiety and stress. I focus on helping people appreciate their strengths and resilience while earning to navigate the many challenges of relationships and life. My approach is primarily an integrated mindfulness, psychodynamic and acceptance-based cognitive therapy. I prefer to work collaboratively, teaching clients self compassion which can enable them to discover useful skills in overcoming anxiety.
I have been practicing as a psychologist in private practice for over 35 years. I specialize working with adults and young adults with anxiety and stress. I focus on helping people appreciate their strengths and resilience while earning to navigate the many challenges of relationships and life. My approach is primarily an integrated mindfulness, psychodynamic and acceptance-based cognitive therapy. I prefer to work collaboratively, teaching clients self compassion which can enable them to discover useful skills in overcoming anxiety.
(510) 296-4995 View (510) 296-4995
Photo of Dolores Antolin Y Muniz, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Dolores Antolin Y Muniz
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
You’ve carried more than most people see—microaggressions, family and intergenerational pain, the everyday weight of racism, oppression, and marginalization. You might feel stuck in protective patterns that once kept you safe but now keep you small: anxiety in the body, depression, low self-esteem, relationships that don’t feel nourishing. You want a therapist who truly recognizes and validates your lived experience, offers a safe, grounded space, and helps you move toward a more harmonious relationship with yourself and your world.
You’ve carried more than most people see—microaggressions, family and intergenerational pain, the everyday weight of racism, oppression, and marginalization. You might feel stuck in protective patterns that once kept you safe but now keep you small: anxiety in the body, depression, low self-esteem, relationships that don’t feel nourishing. You want a therapist who truly recognizes and validates your lived experience, offers a safe, grounded space, and helps you move toward a more harmonious relationship with yourself and your world.
(510) 991-9429 View (510) 991-9429
Photo of Kari Hennigan, Psychologist, PhD
Kari Hennigan
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
Are you struggling to decide whether to stay or leave your relationship? It can be difficult to come to the kind of clarity one needs to make this decision. Is it hard to trust your gut and listen to your inner wisdom about how to move forward? Relationships can be very complex and sometimes we all need a little extra support to face these challenges and come to our best decisions.
Are you struggling to decide whether to stay or leave your relationship? It can be difficult to come to the kind of clarity one needs to make this decision. Is it hard to trust your gut and listen to your inner wisdom about how to move forward? Relationships can be very complex and sometimes we all need a little extra support to face these challenges and come to our best decisions.
(510) 662-0064 View (510) 662-0064
Photo of Eric Miller, Psychologist, PhD
Eric Miller
Psychologist, PhD
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
Do you want to find a greater sense of calm and insight into your life? Are you struggling with feeling you are repeating the same patterns over and over? If you are wanting to start a relationship or find yourself in a relationship and unsure how to hope for things to be different, be it with parents, partners, friends, or peers, feeling stuck and unable to change, it may be time to work with someone you trust and who can help you experience relief. I work with individuals to find their inner identity and the strength to live a life worth living.
Do you want to find a greater sense of calm and insight into your life? Are you struggling with feeling you are repeating the same patterns over and over? If you are wanting to start a relationship or find yourself in a relationship and unsure how to hope for things to be different, be it with parents, partners, friends, or peers, feeling stuck and unable to change, it may be time to work with someone you trust and who can help you experience relief. I work with individuals to find their inner identity and the strength to live a life worth living.
(650) 318-6721 View (650) 318-6721
Photo of Emily Overstreet, Psychologist, PsyD
Emily Overstreet
Psychologist, PsyD
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
It takes a great deal of courage to begin therapy, and thus I strive to create a space in which individuals feel truly seen, heard, and deeply understood. I believe that people are intrinsically resilient, and I will work with you to gain a deeper understanding of yourself so that you can make meaningful changes in your life. Together, we will work toward navigating difficult transitions, improving the quality of your relationships, and developing more effective coping skills. My style is warm and collaborative, and I always tailor treatment to individual needs.
It takes a great deal of courage to begin therapy, and thus I strive to create a space in which individuals feel truly seen, heard, and deeply understood. I believe that people are intrinsically resilient, and I will work with you to gain a deeper understanding of yourself so that you can make meaningful changes in your life. Together, we will work toward navigating difficult transitions, improving the quality of your relationships, and developing more effective coping skills. My style is warm and collaborative, and I always tailor treatment to individual needs.
(510) 345-5042 View (510) 345-5042
Photo of Mikaela A Wapman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CST
Mikaela A Wapman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CST
1 Endorsed
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94601
Many people want to change in some way: to feel more ease, more pleasure, less anxiety, more freedom, greater connection. I offer a reliably warm space for clients to discover what they want to feel and experience in their lives. With a balance of curiosity and direction, I partner with clients to understand their strengths and challenges, to take action in alignment with their desires. As clarity and agency develop, we stabilize and encourage the emerging self. I think of this process as cultivating the capacity to hold steady in ourselves to connect truly with others, so that we can feel a sense of vitality and ease in our lives.
Many people want to change in some way: to feel more ease, more pleasure, less anxiety, more freedom, greater connection. I offer a reliably warm space for clients to discover what they want to feel and experience in their lives. With a balance of curiosity and direction, I partner with clients to understand their strengths and challenges, to take action in alignment with their desires. As clarity and agency develop, we stabilize and encourage the emerging self. I think of this process as cultivating the capacity to hold steady in ourselves to connect truly with others, so that we can feel a sense of vitality and ease in our lives.
(510) 488-1327 View (510) 488-1327
Photo of Katy Bullick, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Katy Bullick
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
Wondering what needs to change for you to feel better than you do, or having trouble making it happen? I believe that the struggles we face in our lives are invitations for us to grow. Seeking support for life's challenges is a courageous and powerful choice; consider me a partner on your road toward empowerment. I have a special interest in working with clients navigating intersectional identities: creative and intellectual seekers overcoming struggle, working to find their unique path in the world. Many of my clients are artists, activists, or environmentally conscious folks committed to personal and collective healing.
Wondering what needs to change for you to feel better than you do, or having trouble making it happen? I believe that the struggles we face in our lives are invitations for us to grow. Seeking support for life's challenges is a courageous and powerful choice; consider me a partner on your road toward empowerment. I have a special interest in working with clients navigating intersectional identities: creative and intellectual seekers overcoming struggle, working to find their unique path in the world. Many of my clients are artists, activists, or environmentally conscious folks committed to personal and collective healing.
(341) 888-7030 View (341) 888-7030
Photo of Lucia Grauman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Lucia Grauman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
Awarded Oakland Magazine's "Best Therapist" 2018 & 2020, my specialties include: relationship issues (such as conflict resolution, dating, pre-marital counseling, divorce, blended families, infidelity); grief & loss; addiction, recovery & codependence; anxiety & depression. My approach is both warm and direct-- my clients experience me as accepting and empathic, while also feeling challenged the right amount to grow and change. I am an integrative therapist, meaning I integrate more than one way/theory/model to view and treat psychological and/or relational concerns. See my website for education, experience and credentials.
Awarded Oakland Magazine's "Best Therapist" 2018 & 2020, my specialties include: relationship issues (such as conflict resolution, dating, pre-marital counseling, divorce, blended families, infidelity); grief & loss; addiction, recovery & codependence; anxiety & depression. My approach is both warm and direct-- my clients experience me as accepting and empathic, while also feeling challenged the right amount to grow and change. I am an integrative therapist, meaning I integrate more than one way/theory/model to view and treat psychological and/or relational concerns. See my website for education, experience and credentials.
(415) 799-3799 View (415) 799-3799
Photo of Suzie Rudloff, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Suzie Rudloff
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
People come to therapy with unique needs, concerns, and life circumstances. Through the process of self-inquiry, I help clients gain insight and develop effective coping skills to move through a challenge with greater ease and understanding. My therapeutic style is warm, compassionate and curious about one's experience. I use an attachment based, person-centered approach that offers individuals and couples clarity around repetitive patterns that cause pain, conflict, and limit growth.
People come to therapy with unique needs, concerns, and life circumstances. Through the process of self-inquiry, I help clients gain insight and develop effective coping skills to move through a challenge with greater ease and understanding. My therapeutic style is warm, compassionate and curious about one's experience. I use an attachment based, person-centered approach that offers individuals and couples clarity around repetitive patterns that cause pain, conflict, and limit growth.
(510) 269-2252 View (510) 269-2252
Photo of 'Uma' Amy Beth Kahn - Uma Kahn Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, MBA
Uma Kahn Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, MBA
2 Endorsed
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
Many people want to change some aspect of their life: to feel more joy, less anxiety, more freedom to act, or to say no! To find their authentic voice in relationships. To stop hating themselves. I offer a safe, welcoming environment for clients to explore their worlds. With equal parts gentleness and honesty, we discover their strategies and limitations. Through this clear seeing, choice emerges. We then work to stablize the tender, newer Self. I think of this process as cultivating "self-agency." It's one of the most important things we can do to increase our vitality and happiness.
Many people want to change some aspect of their life: to feel more joy, less anxiety, more freedom to act, or to say no! To find their authentic voice in relationships. To stop hating themselves. I offer a safe, welcoming environment for clients to explore their worlds. With equal parts gentleness and honesty, we discover their strategies and limitations. Through this clear seeing, choice emerges. We then work to stablize the tender, newer Self. I think of this process as cultivating "self-agency." It's one of the most important things we can do to increase our vitality and happiness.
(510) 544-8896 View (510) 544-8896
Photo of Hilary Combs, Psychologist, PsyD
Hilary Combs
Psychologist, PsyD
2 Endorsed
Shafter, Oakland, CA 94618
My clients are people struggling with a transition in their lives; initiating independence as a teenager or young adult, wrestling with a new gender or new role as a significant other / parent, newly dealing with depression, traumatic memories or substance abuse. My approach to psychotherapy is collaborative and interactive with the goal of creating a safe environment that will enable you to explore your thoughts and feelings related to present difficulties. I work with the idea of relieving one's immediate suffering with the longer term goal of how to better understand oneself and one's relationship to the world around you.
My clients are people struggling with a transition in their lives; initiating independence as a teenager or young adult, wrestling with a new gender or new role as a significant other / parent, newly dealing with depression, traumatic memories or substance abuse. My approach to psychotherapy is collaborative and interactive with the goal of creating a safe environment that will enable you to explore your thoughts and feelings related to present difficulties. I work with the idea of relieving one's immediate suffering with the longer term goal of how to better understand oneself and one's relationship to the world around you.
(347) 603-0916 View (347) 603-0916

See more therapy options for Shafter, Oakland

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Shafter, Oakland, CA

200+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Shafter, Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
91% Depression
88% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
75% Self Esteem
74% Grief
61% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Aetna
54% Optum
45% Anthem

How Therapists in Shafter, Oakland, CA see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
23% Male
6% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Shafter, Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.