Therapists in Oak Park, CA

Photo of Jenna Marcovitz, MA, MT-BC, CCLS, PMH-C
Jenna Marcovitz
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oak Park, CA 91377
I believe therapy should feel like having a cheerleader in your corner, supporting you on your journey to becoming. You may be navigating grief, chronic illness, trauma, or a life transition, longing to feel your spark again to reconnect with it and feel grounded and clear. Your spark is still there, and I’m here to help you uncover it.I work with spiritually and creatively minded people—caregivers, empaths, and artists who want to explore their inner world, process experiences, and live with intention. I am passionate about supporting individuals through matrescence and the perinatal journey, honoring emotional and identity shifts.
I believe therapy should feel like having a cheerleader in your corner, supporting you on your journey to becoming. You may be navigating grief, chronic illness, trauma, or a life transition, longing to feel your spark again to reconnect with it and feel grounded and clear. Your spark is still there, and I’m here to help you uncover it.I work with spiritually and creatively minded people—caregivers, empaths, and artists who want to explore their inner world, process experiences, and live with intention. I am passionate about supporting individuals through matrescence and the perinatal journey, honoring emotional and identity shifts.
(818) 975-3363 View (818) 975-3363
Photo of Harold Young, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Harold Young
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Oak Park, CA 91377
Harold Young attended graduate school at UCLA and has over 35 years’ experience as a clinician, clinical supervisor and teacher of interns. He was the Clinical Director of The Maple Counseling Center of Beverly Hills for 20 years. He works with adults and couples from an insight and relational orientation.
Harold Young attended graduate school at UCLA and has over 35 years’ experience as a clinician, clinical supervisor and teacher of interns. He was the Clinical Director of The Maple Counseling Center of Beverly Hills for 20 years. He works with adults and couples from an insight and relational orientation.
(747) 239-5359 View (747) 239-5359
Photo of Erica Perlman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Erica Perlman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Erica Perlman, LCSW, Licensed Clinical Social Worker. As an LCSW with over 7 years of experience, I am passionate about helping individuals and families navigate life's challenges and foster personal growth. My approach is grounded in empathy, active listening, and a deep respect for each person's unique journey. In my work, I utilize CBT to help clients understand and reframe negative thought patterns, develop healthier behaviors, and improve their overall emotional well-being.
Erica Perlman, LCSW, Licensed Clinical Social Worker. As an LCSW with over 7 years of experience, I am passionate about helping individuals and families navigate life's challenges and foster personal growth. My approach is grounded in empathy, active listening, and a deep respect for each person's unique journey. In my work, I utilize CBT to help clients understand and reframe negative thought patterns, develop healthier behaviors, and improve their overall emotional well-being.
(619) 314-8458 View (619) 314-8458
Photo of Gail Shurtleff - Beyond Grief & Loss Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Beyond Grief & Loss Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Oak Park, CA 91377
If you have lost a loved one and are grieving I'm sorry that you have to read this. If you have survived a loved ones suicide I"m sorry for the pain you are feeling. Many people will tell you to "get over it" or move on with life. It's a great deal more complex than that. You don't need to be fixed: you need to be heard. If you have embarked on a new phase of your life and are struggling to say goodbye to the old chances are you don't need to be fixed you need to have support. Life transitions are difficult and they come in many forms. Death and Faith transitions are just two of these. Grief and loss affects so many things.
If you have lost a loved one and are grieving I'm sorry that you have to read this. If you have survived a loved ones suicide I"m sorry for the pain you are feeling. Many people will tell you to "get over it" or move on with life. It's a great deal more complex than that. You don't need to be fixed: you need to be heard. If you have embarked on a new phase of your life and are struggling to say goodbye to the old chances are you don't need to be fixed you need to have support. Life transitions are difficult and they come in many forms. Death and Faith transitions are just two of these. Grief and loss affects so many things.
(209) 267-2649 View (209) 267-2649
Photo of Lemor Tepper, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lemor Tepper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Feeling lost lately, like nothing will ever truly feel better? You may be here because life feels unsettled—anxiety, stress, or a sense that you're not where you hoped to be. Many of my clients feel overwhelmed or stuck despite trying to handle everything on their own. You’re not alone. Together, we’ll make space to understand what’s weighing on you and help you move forward with more calm, clarity, and steadiness.
Feeling lost lately, like nothing will ever truly feel better? You may be here because life feels unsettled—anxiety, stress, or a sense that you're not where you hoped to be. Many of my clients feel overwhelmed or stuck despite trying to handle everything on their own. You’re not alone. Together, we’ll make space to understand what’s weighing on you and help you move forward with more calm, clarity, and steadiness.
(818) 805-1755 View (818) 805-1755
Photo of Emily Nicole Glickman, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR
Emily Nicole Glickman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR
Online Only
Are you tired of trying to manage anxiety/OCD symptoms with little to no relief? I am passionate about helping people get unstuck from their mental health symptoms and to be able to reach their full potential. I work with individuals aged 18 and up as well as their families when needed. I am a specialist in treating Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and the range of different anxiety disorders as well as the struggles that come along with these disorders. I am able to assist clients in learning new strategies to manage symptoms, meet personal goals, as well as create a fulfilling identity outside of struggling with mental health.
Are you tired of trying to manage anxiety/OCD symptoms with little to no relief? I am passionate about helping people get unstuck from their mental health symptoms and to be able to reach their full potential. I work with individuals aged 18 and up as well as their families when needed. I am a specialist in treating Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and the range of different anxiety disorders as well as the struggles that come along with these disorders. I am able to assist clients in learning new strategies to manage symptoms, meet personal goals, as well as create a fulfilling identity outside of struggling with mental health.
(818) 824-5251 View (818) 824-5251
Photo of Sara Gilbert, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Sara Gilbert
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hi! My name is Sara Gilbert, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist based in California. I work with adults and adolescents via Telehealth and specialize in relationship issues, anxiety, grief/loss, and increasing self-empowerment. I use Strength-based, Humanistic, and Mindfulness approaches to help you to create an inner union and learn a deeper sense of freedom and joy.
Hi! My name is Sara Gilbert, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist based in California. I work with adults and adolescents via Telehealth and specialize in relationship issues, anxiety, grief/loss, and increasing self-empowerment. I use Strength-based, Humanistic, and Mindfulness approaches to help you to create an inner union and learn a deeper sense of freedom and joy.
(916) 461-7234 View (916) 461-7234
Photo of Dr. Ray Armstrong, Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Dr. Ray Armstrong
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Oak Park, CA 91377
Hello and thank you for visiting my profile. My therapeutic philosophy is that individuals need to be a part of their own solutions. Each person is the EXPERT of their own life; not anyone else. I strive to empower clients to feel that their successes come from themselves and are the result of their own dedication and hard work. Many times therapists tend to talk about their ideal client...this seems backwards to me...why does it matter about the therapists' needs? Clients should be empowered to seek out their ideal therapist and what the therapist has to offer them individually, their family, spouse, partner, children, etc.
Hello and thank you for visiting my profile. My therapeutic philosophy is that individuals need to be a part of their own solutions. Each person is the EXPERT of their own life; not anyone else. I strive to empower clients to feel that their successes come from themselves and are the result of their own dedication and hard work. Many times therapists tend to talk about their ideal client...this seems backwards to me...why does it matter about the therapists' needs? Clients should be empowered to seek out their ideal therapist and what the therapist has to offer them individually, their family, spouse, partner, children, etc.
(818) 485-2998 View (818) 485-2998
Photo of Amy Ross - Amy Ross, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Amy Ross, MA, MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Online Only
Welcome, book with me now by clicking on my website. My goal is to help clients navigate life’s challenges and alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. I focus on relationships, past and present with others, and with self. By utilizing a number of conventional and collaborative approaches, treatment is individually tailored to fit the needs of each individual client/ family. I aim to provide a comfortable and supportive virtual atmosphere where clients can openly confront issues, learn to better manage emotions, and engage in working toward their unique goals and potentials.
Welcome, book with me now by clicking on my website. My goal is to help clients navigate life’s challenges and alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. I focus on relationships, past and present with others, and with self. By utilizing a number of conventional and collaborative approaches, treatment is individually tailored to fit the needs of each individual client/ family. I aim to provide a comfortable and supportive virtual atmosphere where clients can openly confront issues, learn to better manage emotions, and engage in working toward their unique goals and potentials.
(818) 962-6381 View (818) 962-6381
Photo of Stacey Garfinkel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Stacey Garfinkel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Stacey Garfinkel. I am a licensed clinical social worker providing therapy to older and disabled adults. I work with patients who need support around issues of grief and loss, changes in their physical health, and chronic health conditions. I have worked with many ESRD patients and patients in recovery from drug and alcohol abuse. I work with patients suffering from anxiety and depression. I provide support around maintaining sobriety. I provide supportive counseling and use a cognitive behavioral approach.
Stacey Garfinkel. I am a licensed clinical social worker providing therapy to older and disabled adults. I work with patients who need support around issues of grief and loss, changes in their physical health, and chronic health conditions. I have worked with many ESRD patients and patients in recovery from drug and alcohol abuse. I work with patients suffering from anxiety and depression. I provide support around maintaining sobriety. I provide supportive counseling and use a cognitive behavioral approach.
(323) 312-3768 View (323) 312-3768
Photo of Zulykha Azizi - Zulykha Azizi, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Zulykha Azizi, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Online Only
Hello and welcome to my page. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) I am deeply committed to supporting individuals, couples, and families through their most challenging moments. My work is grounded in empathy, gaining awareness, and a strong belief in the inherent strength and resilience of my clients. Throughout my career, I have had the privilege of helping clients navigate through emotional and relational struggles, including anxiety, depression, addiction, postpartum challenges, active military and veterans suffering from PTSD, and the impacts of domestic violence.
Hello and welcome to my page. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) I am deeply committed to supporting individuals, couples, and families through their most challenging moments. My work is grounded in empathy, gaining awareness, and a strong belief in the inherent strength and resilience of my clients. Throughout my career, I have had the privilege of helping clients navigate through emotional and relational struggles, including anxiety, depression, addiction, postpartum challenges, active military and veterans suffering from PTSD, and the impacts of domestic violence.
(747) 298-5945 View (747) 298-5945
Photo of Valeriya Bauer, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Valeriya Bauer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Oak Park, CA 91377
My practice is focused on helping individuals break free of unhealthy patterns, generational traumas, and toxic cycles. Clients in my practice are often looking for support in getting "unstuck" and feel the need for additional modalities that go beyond just talk therapy. I bring a compassionate, grounded, and evidence-based approach to sessions that allows clients to unpack what is going on in a safe, supportive, and structured environment. My goal is to help clients create trust and safety in themselves and build secure relationships with others and within the world around them.
My practice is focused on helping individuals break free of unhealthy patterns, generational traumas, and toxic cycles. Clients in my practice are often looking for support in getting "unstuck" and feel the need for additional modalities that go beyond just talk therapy. I bring a compassionate, grounded, and evidence-based approach to sessions that allows clients to unpack what is going on in a safe, supportive, and structured environment. My goal is to help clients create trust and safety in themselves and build secure relationships with others and within the world around them.
(820) 732-0051 View (820) 732-0051
Photo of Jacqueline Brooke Preziosa, Licensed Educational Psychologist, MS, CAGS, LEP
Jacqueline Brooke Preziosa
Licensed Educational Psychologist, MS, CAGS, LEP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
As an Ed. Psychologist, my passion lies in helping children, adolescents, and young adults navigate the complexities of their emotional and academic worlds. I create a safe, supportive space where they can openly express themselves while we work together to overcome challenges such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, and learning difficulties. My approach is rooted in evidence-based practices and other therapeutic modalities that promote resilience, personal growth, and emotional well-being. I also work closely with parents, offering coaching and guidance to create a cohesive support system within the home.
As an Ed. Psychologist, my passion lies in helping children, adolescents, and young adults navigate the complexities of their emotional and academic worlds. I create a safe, supportive space where they can openly express themselves while we work together to overcome challenges such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, and learning difficulties. My approach is rooted in evidence-based practices and other therapeutic modalities that promote resilience, personal growth, and emotional well-being. I also work closely with parents, offering coaching and guidance to create a cohesive support system within the home.
(747) 202-1809 View (747) 202-1809
Photo of Shahin Sean Nourian, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Shahin Sean Nourian
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Sean. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 13 years of experience working with different populations and needs. My experiences include Residential Treatment Centers, Outpatient Programs, School Settings, Teaching and also Private Practice. I have worked with individuals with adjustments to life, depression, anxiety, trauma, PTSD, difficulty with concentration, isolation, negative self-talk, cultural differences, and different levels of cognitive distortions. Helping connect to self, environment, and social supports through psychoeducation; reflection, validation, and utilizing anxiety for change.
Hi, I'm Sean. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 13 years of experience working with different populations and needs. My experiences include Residential Treatment Centers, Outpatient Programs, School Settings, Teaching and also Private Practice. I have worked with individuals with adjustments to life, depression, anxiety, trauma, PTSD, difficulty with concentration, isolation, negative self-talk, cultural differences, and different levels of cognitive distortions. Helping connect to self, environment, and social supports through psychoeducation; reflection, validation, and utilizing anxiety for change.
(818) 418-8313 View (818) 418-8313
Photo of Roger William Coger, Psychologist, PhD, P, H, D
Roger William Coger
Psychologist, PhD, P, H, D
Online Only
I have a wide range of training and experience working to help people with depression, anxiety, and problems with attention, concentration, and organization. This includes children with learning and behavior problems and adults with social interaction difficulties. Soldiers Project to treat soldiers returning from deployment, with deployment related problems, and their families. My primary goal is to aid people in finding their way to a happier life by identifying emotional and cognitive barriers.
I have a wide range of training and experience working to help people with depression, anxiety, and problems with attention, concentration, and organization. This includes children with learning and behavior problems and adults with social interaction difficulties. Soldiers Project to treat soldiers returning from deployment, with deployment related problems, and their families. My primary goal is to aid people in finding their way to a happier life by identifying emotional and cognitive barriers.
(805) 526-4444 View (805) 526-4444
Photo of Stazan K Sina, Psychologist, PhD
Stazan K Sina
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Although I work with children and adolescents individually, working with them alone is not sufficient. As a parent myself, I am very aware of what it is like for me to entrust my childrens' care into the hands of another. In order for treatment to be successful and for my clients to feel secure in the treatment process, I thus believe it is essential to incorporate working with parents into the treatment of the child. In addition to specializing in treating children and adolescents, I also offer services to college-aged individuals and older adults.
Although I work with children and adolescents individually, working with them alone is not sufficient. As a parent myself, I am very aware of what it is like for me to entrust my childrens' care into the hands of another. In order for treatment to be successful and for my clients to feel secure in the treatment process, I thus believe it is essential to incorporate working with parents into the treatment of the child. In addition to specializing in treating children and adolescents, I also offer services to college-aged individuals and older adults.
(805) 244-5868 View (805) 244-5868
Photo of Ellen Prose, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ellen Prose
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Ugh, you just don’t get it! I can’t do that. Just leave me alone! Sound familiar? Are you stuck, uncertain and just not sure how to support or help your kid? Are you looking for someone who speaks “teen” and understands how to help your teenager (or you, the young adult) find balance, decrease problem behavior and reduce anxiety? Let’s help your tween or teen learn real skills to disrupt unhealthy thought patterns and create lasting change.
Ugh, you just don’t get it! I can’t do that. Just leave me alone! Sound familiar? Are you stuck, uncertain and just not sure how to support or help your kid? Are you looking for someone who speaks “teen” and understands how to help your teenager (or you, the young adult) find balance, decrease problem behavior and reduce anxiety? Let’s help your tween or teen learn real skills to disrupt unhealthy thought patterns and create lasting change.
(805) 321-6655 View (805) 321-6655
Photo of Kristina Eifert, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, ASW
Kristina Eifert
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, ASW
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
The clients I work with often reach out for help when anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship stress, or life transitions begin to feel overwhelming. Many notice that past experiences have resurfaced, or they feel ready to address things they have been avoiding for a long time. My approach is person-centered, trauma informed, and grounded in cognitive-behavioral principles. We focus on what matters most to you while helping you understand how your thoughts, emotions, and experiences affect your well-being.
The clients I work with often reach out for help when anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship stress, or life transitions begin to feel overwhelming. Many notice that past experiences have resurfaced, or they feel ready to address things they have been avoiding for a long time. My approach is person-centered, trauma informed, and grounded in cognitive-behavioral principles. We focus on what matters most to you while helping you understand how your thoughts, emotions, and experiences affect your well-being.
(818) 614-5348 View (818) 614-5348
Photo of Dr. Ravreet Cheema, Psychological Associate, PsyD, MA
Dr. Ravreet Cheema
Psychological Associate, PsyD, MA
Online Only
Welcome, I’m so glad you’re here. Life can feel overwhelming, whether you’re carrying old wounds or facing new challenges. You may be searching for healthier patterns, stronger relationships, or simply a space to process and heal. I typically work with clients to address negative childhood experiences, process major life transitions, and navigate complex cultural and family dynamics. With advanced training in perinatal mental health, I’m especially passionate about supporting new and expecting parents. Together, we'll make sense of your experiences and move toward clarity, self-trust, and meaningful change.
Welcome, I’m so glad you’re here. Life can feel overwhelming, whether you’re carrying old wounds or facing new challenges. You may be searching for healthier patterns, stronger relationships, or simply a space to process and heal. I typically work with clients to address negative childhood experiences, process major life transitions, and navigate complex cultural and family dynamics. With advanced training in perinatal mental health, I’m especially passionate about supporting new and expecting parents. Together, we'll make sense of your experiences and move toward clarity, self-trust, and meaningful change.
(805) 301-9882 View (805) 301-9882
Photo of Michael O'Hara, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Michael O'Hara
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
Seeking help shows how strong you already are. Your story, experiences, struggles, pain, and resiliency are welcome here. I am passionate about supporting parents, and caregivers who are navigating postpartum, adjustment periods or unplanned parenting stressors and or challenges. Psychotherapy is a collaborative and relational process. My goal is to highlight your potential and strengths. Together we find ways to honor your journey and encourage growth. I specialize in working with individuals and couples navigating chronic illness, anxiety, depression, infidelity, trauma, grief, perinatal mental health, and relationship issues.
Seeking help shows how strong you already are. Your story, experiences, struggles, pain, and resiliency are welcome here. I am passionate about supporting parents, and caregivers who are navigating postpartum, adjustment periods or unplanned parenting stressors and or challenges. Psychotherapy is a collaborative and relational process. My goal is to highlight your potential and strengths. Together we find ways to honor your journey and encourage growth. I specialize in working with individuals and couples navigating chronic illness, anxiety, depression, infidelity, trauma, grief, perinatal mental health, and relationship issues.
(213) 320-5063 View (213) 320-5063

See more therapy options for Oak Park

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oak Park, CA

30+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Oak Park, CA who prioritize treating:

90% Depression
90% Anxiety
83% Relationship Issues
83% Stress
77% Self Esteem
67% Grief
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth
58% Optum

How Therapists in Oak Park, CA see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
26% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oak Park?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.