Therapists in Novato, CA

Photo of Nancy Vierra, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Nancy Vierra
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Novato, CA 94947
Find Relief. Get Resourced. Get Empowered. Today. Imagine a respectful and unique relationship where you can finally break free of what has sabotaged your growth and success. The aim is to improve insight, perspective and performance by identifying obstacles holding you back and creating strategies to break through barriers. By unlocking your potential, treating issues, and collaborating, we will create a plan of action that will enable you to achieve your objectives.
Find Relief. Get Resourced. Get Empowered. Today. Imagine a respectful and unique relationship where you can finally break free of what has sabotaged your growth and success. The aim is to improve insight, perspective and performance by identifying obstacles holding you back and creating strategies to break through barriers. By unlocking your potential, treating issues, and collaborating, we will create a plan of action that will enable you to achieve your objectives.
(415) 985-0191 View (415) 985-0191
Photo of Dr. Emily Zhang, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Emily Zhang
Psychologist, PsyD
Online Only
You may struggle with emotions that sometimes feel overwhelming and other times hard to access, or find yourself repeating painful patterns in relationships. Perhaps you fear rejection, feel easily irritated, or understand your patterns intellectually but still struggle to change them. You may want to have more awareness of your emotions and improve your relationships. I can help you develop a deeper understanding of yourself, regulate difficult emotions, change patterns that keep you stuck, and build healthier relationships. I also welcome clients seeking culturally responsive therapy and offer services in English and Cantonese.
You may struggle with emotions that sometimes feel overwhelming and other times hard to access, or find yourself repeating painful patterns in relationships. Perhaps you fear rejection, feel easily irritated, or understand your patterns intellectually but still struggle to change them. You may want to have more awareness of your emotions and improve your relationships. I can help you develop a deeper understanding of yourself, regulate difficult emotions, change patterns that keep you stuck, and build healthier relationships. I also welcome clients seeking culturally responsive therapy and offer services in English and Cantonese.
(628) 203-1858 View (628) 203-1858
Photo of Robert Wynne - Robert Wynne, Ph.D., MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Robert Wynne, Ph.D., MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Novato, CA 94947
I have more than 30 years of experience conducting psychological evaluations in the context of forensic expert witness services. I have worked primarily in civil litigation involving psychological injury and trauma-related disorders (e.g., secondary to emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; wrongful death; motor vehicle accidents). My services include record review, thorough and detailed report writing, deposition and trial testimony.
I have more than 30 years of experience conducting psychological evaluations in the context of forensic expert witness services. I have worked primarily in civil litigation involving psychological injury and trauma-related disorders (e.g., secondary to emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; wrongful death; motor vehicle accidents). My services include record review, thorough and detailed report writing, deposition and trial testimony.
(628) 877-8714 View (628) 877-8714
Photo of Jennifer A Miller, Pre-Licensed Professional, ACSW, MSW
Jennifer A Miller
Pre-Licensed Professional, ACSW, MSW
Novato, CA 94947
Not accepting new clients
Hi there, I’m really glad you’re here. Reaching out for therapy can be tough—especially if you’ve been feeling overwhelmed, more emotional than usual, or just plain exhausted. You don’t have to figure it all out on your own. I’m here to support you in feeling more like you again and helping you find your light when things feel dark or confusing. Whether you’re dealing with family stuff, grief, past or current crises, life changes, or just everyday stress, I offer a comfortable and supportive space where we can work through things together.
Hi there, I’m really glad you’re here. Reaching out for therapy can be tough—especially if you’ve been feeling overwhelmed, more emotional than usual, or just plain exhausted. You don’t have to figure it all out on your own. I’m here to support you in feeling more like you again and helping you find your light when things feel dark or confusing. Whether you’re dealing with family stuff, grief, past or current crises, life changes, or just everyday stress, I offer a comfortable and supportive space where we can work through things together.
(415) 360-8359 View (415) 360-8359
Photo of Lorena Cervantes, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Lorena Cervantes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Stress, worry, and a lingering sense of emptiness can impact our minds and body. If you are feeling overwhelmed or emotionally drained at the end of the day, I will provide a safe and supportive space to explore the underlying causes.
Stress, worry, and a lingering sense of emptiness can impact our minds and body. If you are feeling overwhelmed or emotionally drained at the end of the day, I will provide a safe and supportive space to explore the underlying causes.
(415) 891-0288 View (415) 891-0288
Photo of William J. Hanna, Psychologist, PsyD, MA
William J. Hanna
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Novato, CA 94945
I am a licensed clinical psychologist, a certified relapse prevention specialist, and a registered art therapist. I provide individual therapy for adults and adolescents in Marin County and Sonoma County . I help my clients' to learn how to set clear limits with others and how to create healthy boundaries for oneself; as well as to learn what your own personal boundaries look like. I assist people in discovering how to lead meaningful and authentic lives; and to become self-actualized. I guide my clients in refocusing on what makes him or her most human: creativity, agency, free will, intentionality, self-determination, imagination, and values.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist, a certified relapse prevention specialist, and a registered art therapist. I provide individual therapy for adults and adolescents in Marin County and Sonoma County . I help my clients' to learn how to set clear limits with others and how to create healthy boundaries for oneself; as well as to learn what your own personal boundaries look like. I assist people in discovering how to lead meaningful and authentic lives; and to become self-actualized. I guide my clients in refocusing on what makes him or her most human: creativity, agency, free will, intentionality, self-determination, imagination, and values.
(415) 712-2508 View (415) 712-2508
Photo of Patricia Duncan, Counselor, MA, LPCC, CCTP, CTMH
Patricia Duncan
Counselor, MA, LPCC, CCTP, CTMH
Novato, CA 94945
Your relationship is stressed or you're looking for one, you're restless in your career or you're searching for meaning. Your self-care has taken backseat to busyness and life has become about being mother, wife, or caretaker. You're feeling stagnant, uninspired, and worried the world is passing you by. Waking up in the morning and looking forward to your day seems like a distant reality. You want to change but feel paralyzed by uncertainty. It feels too hard on your own to get clear with what's missing in your relationship, your career, and your life or where to begin to make lasting, meaningful change that feels worth the effort.
Your relationship is stressed or you're looking for one, you're restless in your career or you're searching for meaning. Your self-care has taken backseat to busyness and life has become about being mother, wife, or caretaker. You're feeling stagnant, uninspired, and worried the world is passing you by. Waking up in the morning and looking forward to your day seems like a distant reality. You want to change but feel paralyzed by uncertainty. It feels too hard on your own to get clear with what's missing in your relationship, your career, and your life or where to begin to make lasting, meaningful change that feels worth the effort.
(415) 930-9559 View (415) 930-9559
Photo of Dr. Olivia Johnson, Psychologist, LCP
Dr. Olivia Johnson
Psychologist, LCP
Online Only
I am a clinical and forensic psychologist licensed in California with 36 years of experience (I love helping folks!) I really look forward to working with you! I typically subscribe to a solution-focused therapy approach which I have found to be successful with various client populations. I find that a strong therapeutic alliance is central in facilitating change regardless of the presenting problem or issue. I would love the opportunity to work with couples who are struggling to communicate. Additionally, I enjoy working with individuals with various presenting issues.
I am a clinical and forensic psychologist licensed in California with 36 years of experience (I love helping folks!) I really look forward to working with you! I typically subscribe to a solution-focused therapy approach which I have found to be successful with various client populations. I find that a strong therapeutic alliance is central in facilitating change regardless of the presenting problem or issue. I would love the opportunity to work with couples who are struggling to communicate. Additionally, I enjoy working with individuals with various presenting issues.
(562) 662-3659 View (562) 662-3659
Melinda Ann Marmer
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Novato, CA 94949
I see adults, children and families in SF and Marin. I offer clients compassion and kindness while working through personal or family issues. In general, my approach is insight oriented, psychodynamic and solution based. My clients say I am excellent at understanding both psychological and interpersonal issues in a non-judgmental environment. I have excellent rapport with parents/children. Working together, we can be successful in making changes. I am trained in Parent Coordination,, Co-Parent Counseling, with have expertise in high conflict divorce, court orders, and children who refuse/resist a parent.
I see adults, children and families in SF and Marin. I offer clients compassion and kindness while working through personal or family issues. In general, my approach is insight oriented, psychodynamic and solution based. My clients say I am excellent at understanding both psychological and interpersonal issues in a non-judgmental environment. I have excellent rapport with parents/children. Working together, we can be successful in making changes. I am trained in Parent Coordination,, Co-Parent Counseling, with have expertise in high conflict divorce, court orders, and children who refuse/resist a parent.
(415) 697-3134 View (415) 697-3134
Photo of Ana Frias-Bravo, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Ana Frias-Bravo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Many of the people I work with are first-generation adults, students, caregivers, creatives, immigrants, and members of Latinx communities navigating anxiety, trauma, grief, life transitions, or the experience of living between cultures. You don't have to explain your culture before talking about your pain. I offer bilingual (English/Spanish), culturally grounded therapy that honors your lived experiences, relationships, and strengths while helping you reconnect with the stories, values, and identity that matter most to you.
Many of the people I work with are first-generation adults, students, caregivers, creatives, immigrants, and members of Latinx communities navigating anxiety, trauma, grief, life transitions, or the experience of living between cultures. You don't have to explain your culture before talking about your pain. I offer bilingual (English/Spanish), culturally grounded therapy that honors your lived experiences, relationships, and strengths while helping you reconnect with the stories, values, and identity that matter most to you.
(415) 968-2580 View (415) 968-2580
Photo of Andrew Copperman, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Andrew Copperman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Novato, CA 94949
I am a Certified Emotionally Focused Therapist for couples. In this therapy we re-frame and restructure the emotional experience you have with your partner. We help you move from conflict and disappointment to intimacy and love. We all want to be seen, heard and understood by our partner; to feel our loved one is accessible, responsive and engaged. This therapy, through experiential work in the sessions, accomplishes amazing shifts in the safety, closeness and love felt with your partner. My approach is highly interactive and experiential.
I am a Certified Emotionally Focused Therapist for couples. In this therapy we re-frame and restructure the emotional experience you have with your partner. We help you move from conflict and disappointment to intimacy and love. We all want to be seen, heard and understood by our partner; to feel our loved one is accessible, responsive and engaged. This therapy, through experiential work in the sessions, accomplishes amazing shifts in the safety, closeness and love felt with your partner. My approach is highly interactive and experiential.
(415) 237-2044 View (415) 237-2044
Photo of Susan Kenny, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, SEP
Susan Kenny
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, SEP
1 Endorsed
Novato, CA 94949
I work as a Somatic Psychotherapist helping adults understand and regulate their nervous system. I am trained as both a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner and a Transforming Touch Therapist to help clients with developmental trauma as well as depression, anxiety, stress, and loss. I use a body based approach to understand sensations in the body, and my style is active, warm and empathic. I provide a safe environment to learn how to harness your inner resources, manage stress and emotions in both the mind and the nervous system, and help you create more balance and ease in you life.
I work as a Somatic Psychotherapist helping adults understand and regulate their nervous system. I am trained as both a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner and a Transforming Touch Therapist to help clients with developmental trauma as well as depression, anxiety, stress, and loss. I use a body based approach to understand sensations in the body, and my style is active, warm and empathic. I provide a safe environment to learn how to harness your inner resources, manage stress and emotions in both the mind and the nervous system, and help you create more balance and ease in you life.
(415) 408-6891 View (415) 408-6891
Photo of Sheena Simpson, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Sheena Simpson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
3 Endorsed
Novato, CA 94945
Many of the couples I work with have already tried to fix things on their own. They've had the same argument enough times to know how it ends. Some are at a genuine crossroads, wondering whether what they have is worth saving. Others are simply too busy for weekly therapy to feel like enough.I specialize in couples therapy intensives: private two-day retreats in Marin County that help partners accomplish in one weekend what typically takes months of weekly sessions. It's a format designed for couples who want to go deep, move fast, and leave with something real.
Many of the couples I work with have already tried to fix things on their own. They've had the same argument enough times to know how it ends. Some are at a genuine crossroads, wondering whether what they have is worth saving. Others are simply too busy for weekly therapy to feel like enough.I specialize in couples therapy intensives: private two-day retreats in Marin County that help partners accomplish in one weekend what typically takes months of weekly sessions. It's a format designed for couples who want to go deep, move fast, and leave with something real.
(707) 872-7217 View (707) 872-7217
Photo of Andrea Pinkerton, Psychologist, PsyD
Andrea Pinkerton
Psychologist, PsyD
Novato, CA 94945
I am a licensed clinical psychologist practicing in northern Novato. I work with individuals, couples and families. I treat a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, PTSD, panic attacks and borderline personality disorder. I have considerable experience working with adults with developmental disabilities. My approach is character analytic which often helps clients get in touch with their feelings and increases their sense of aliveness and satisfaction with life.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist practicing in northern Novato. I work with individuals, couples and families. I treat a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, PTSD, panic attacks and borderline personality disorder. I have considerable experience working with adults with developmental disabilities. My approach is character analytic which often helps clients get in touch with their feelings and increases their sense of aliveness and satisfaction with life.
(415) 749-9410 View (415) 749-9410
Photo of Lisa Pasquinelli, Psychologist, PhD
Lisa Pasquinelli
Psychologist, PhD
Novato, CA 94949
Not accepting new clients
When working with clients, I come from a strengths-based, positive psychology approach which allows you to recognize your own unique capacities and increase your positive mindset. I enjoy working with individuals who are struggling with a wide range of concerns helping you align with the truth of who you are. My goal is to help you engage in life through a meaningful relationship with yourself and others through releasing old thoughts and behavior patterns which are no longer serving you.
When working with clients, I come from a strengths-based, positive psychology approach which allows you to recognize your own unique capacities and increase your positive mindset. I enjoy working with individuals who are struggling with a wide range of concerns helping you align with the truth of who you are. My goal is to help you engage in life through a meaningful relationship with yourself and others through releasing old thoughts and behavior patterns which are no longer serving you.
(628) 666-0883 View (628) 666-0883
Photo of Myriam M Martinez, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR
Myriam M Martinez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR
Novato, CA 94945
Life is hard. We are faced with so many challenges and stressors each and every day. It can often leave us feeling anxious, depressed, overwhelmed, and uncertain. This is not an easy world we live in. I can help. I have been supporting individuals for over 20 years and am committed to helping my clients find their way to feeling more empowered and less stressed. If you are tired of traditional talk therapy and want to explore an alternative and more holistic approach that incorporates whole body wellbeing, I would love to speak with you.
Life is hard. We are faced with so many challenges and stressors each and every day. It can often leave us feeling anxious, depressed, overwhelmed, and uncertain. This is not an easy world we live in. I can help. I have been supporting individuals for over 20 years and am committed to helping my clients find their way to feeling more empowered and less stressed. If you are tired of traditional talk therapy and want to explore an alternative and more holistic approach that incorporates whole body wellbeing, I would love to speak with you.
(415) 360-0622 View (415) 360-0622
Photo of Ann Kyser, Psychologist, PhD
Ann Kyser
Psychologist, PhD
Novato, CA 94949
Not accepting new clients
Dr. Kyser has extensive experience in Health Psychology, Behavioral Medicine, Chronic Pain Treatment, and Clinical Psychology. She is credentialed by the National Registry of Health Care Providers in Psychology based in Washington, DC. Dr Kyser has 30 years of experience in the field of clinical work. She has been trained in MBSR Chronic Pain, CBT, DBT, EMDR, ACT, PFACT, approaches to treatment. She values understanding the specific needs of her client and bases her treatment approach upon developing a trusting relationship, dependability,and a collaborative agreement to the goals of the therapeutic working relationship.
Dr. Kyser has extensive experience in Health Psychology, Behavioral Medicine, Chronic Pain Treatment, and Clinical Psychology. She is credentialed by the National Registry of Health Care Providers in Psychology based in Washington, DC. Dr Kyser has 30 years of experience in the field of clinical work. She has been trained in MBSR Chronic Pain, CBT, DBT, EMDR, ACT, PFACT, approaches to treatment. She values understanding the specific needs of her client and bases her treatment approach upon developing a trusting relationship, dependability,and a collaborative agreement to the goals of the therapeutic working relationship.
(415) 831-7624 View (415) 831-7624
Photo of Kristen E. Fong, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Kristen E. Fong
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Online Only
I offer a safe, warm, integrative environment for persons healing from narcissistic abuse, coercive control (extreme controlling behavior), manipulative behavior, & relationship trauma. These experiences can leave you questioning your reality (gaslighting), doubting your gut instincts (emotional manipulation) and feeling isolated and anxious. I will help you reconnect with your inner strength, rebuild trust in yourself & others, and rediscover a sense of peace.
I offer a safe, warm, integrative environment for persons healing from narcissistic abuse, coercive control (extreme controlling behavior), manipulative behavior, & relationship trauma. These experiences can leave you questioning your reality (gaslighting), doubting your gut instincts (emotional manipulation) and feeling isolated and anxious. I will help you reconnect with your inner strength, rebuild trust in yourself & others, and rediscover a sense of peace.
(415) 689-9708 View (415) 689-9708
Photo of L' At' Ille Phillips - Latille Phillips Benevolence Wellness, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, BFA, RDT, CD
Latille Phillips Benevolence Wellness
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, BFA, RDT, CD
Online Only
Who are your ideal clients? Families, individuals, parents, and caregivers navigating complex family and relational dynamics, pregnancy and postpartum, foster care, adoption, grief and loss, reunification, and life transitions. What brings them to your practice? Relationship distress, emotional challenges, family conflict, or life transitions that leave them feeling overwhelmed or disconnected. How do you help them move forward? Through relationship-centered, attachment-informed, & trauma-responsive psychotherapy, our work together deepens self-understanding, strengthens emotional resilience for healthier, connected relationships.
Who are your ideal clients? Families, individuals, parents, and caregivers navigating complex family and relational dynamics, pregnancy and postpartum, foster care, adoption, grief and loss, reunification, and life transitions. What brings them to your practice? Relationship distress, emotional challenges, family conflict, or life transitions that leave them feeling overwhelmed or disconnected. How do you help them move forward? Through relationship-centered, attachment-informed, & trauma-responsive psychotherapy, our work together deepens self-understanding, strengthens emotional resilience for healthier, connected relationships.
(628) 257-9374 View (628) 257-9374
Photo of Dr. Diba Ataie Hatamipour, Marriage & Family Therapist, EdD, MA, LMFT
Dr. Diba Ataie Hatamipour
Marriage & Family Therapist, EdD, MA, LMFT
Online Only
Once in a while we come across a perspicacious individual, who serves as a formidable force of nature and helps us transform and redirect the trajectory of our lives in such a way that we live out our most authentic self-identity. After overcoming many life struggles personally and still working through them actively, I have a mission to help people overcome their fears through exploring self-worth. Dr. D provides coping mechanisms to regulate emotions with the stress of career and academic advancement, but also supports clients in finding personal fulfillment! She has supported college students with their academics and board exams!
Once in a while we come across a perspicacious individual, who serves as a formidable force of nature and helps us transform and redirect the trajectory of our lives in such a way that we live out our most authentic self-identity. After overcoming many life struggles personally and still working through them actively, I have a mission to help people overcome their fears through exploring self-worth. Dr. D provides coping mechanisms to regulate emotions with the stress of career and academic advancement, but also supports clients in finding personal fulfillment! She has supported college students with their academics and board exams!
(415) 862-7522 View (415) 862-7522

See more therapy options for Novato

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Novato, CA

200+

Average cost per session

$194

Therapists in Novato, CA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
91% Social Anxiety
91% Health Anxiety
91% Driving Anxiety
84% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

19 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% Aetna
60% Cigna and Evernorth
48% Optum

How Therapists in Novato, CA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Novato?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.