Therapists in Ladera Ranch, CA

Photo of Randy Wynglass, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Randy Wynglass
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
I am Randy Wynglass, a US Navy and USMC veteran, who served as a combat medic, 2006-11. I help patients challenge unhelpful beliefs, rooted from early childhood impacting their functioning and ability to maintain their well being over their life span . I team with patients to make them feel supported, encouraged and guided by the best practices and techniques available to assist them in achieving their personal goals and aspirations.
I am Randy Wynglass, a US Navy and USMC veteran, who served as a combat medic, 2006-11. I help patients challenge unhelpful beliefs, rooted from early childhood impacting their functioning and ability to maintain their well being over their life span . I team with patients to make them feel supported, encouraged and guided by the best practices and techniques available to assist them in achieving their personal goals and aspirations.
(949) 993-1190 View (949) 993-1190
Carlo Dominic Medina
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am an LCSW. I provide a comfortable and relaxed environment where you can finally feel empowered to live the life you deserve. Through a variety of approaches and interventions that are customized to you and your needs, we will work together to move you in the direction of a new way of experiencing yourself. At the end of our time together, it is my hope that you will feel stronger, more grounded, with a deeper understanding of yourself. Bringing humor, empathy, and compassion, I am here to assist in honing the needed skills to heal and grow.
I am an LCSW. I provide a comfortable and relaxed environment where you can finally feel empowered to live the life you deserve. Through a variety of approaches and interventions that are customized to you and your needs, we will work together to move you in the direction of a new way of experiencing yourself. At the end of our time together, it is my hope that you will feel stronger, more grounded, with a deeper understanding of yourself. Bringing humor, empathy, and compassion, I am here to assist in honing the needed skills to heal and grow.
(949) 323-2356 View (949) 323-2356
Photo of Jason Woodrum, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jason Woodrum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ladera Ranch, CA 92694
My ideal client is someone who is ready to be the lead dance partner in doing something that is inherently challenging but possible: achieving and sustaining behavioral change. Most of my clients have a greater understanding of what they're feeling, and simply need direction in regard to the how of changing those feelings and the behaviors and thoughts that orbit them. While the goals are different for each and every person, I believe that the unifying theory that connects my clients is a readiness to do hard things, and a curiosity to what that version of themselves might look like untethered from their current challenges.
My ideal client is someone who is ready to be the lead dance partner in doing something that is inherently challenging but possible: achieving and sustaining behavioral change. Most of my clients have a greater understanding of what they're feeling, and simply need direction in regard to the how of changing those feelings and the behaviors and thoughts that orbit them. While the goals are different for each and every person, I believe that the unifying theory that connects my clients is a readiness to do hard things, and a curiosity to what that version of themselves might look like untethered from their current challenges.
(949) 828-4505 View (949) 828-4505
Photo of Ellen Swallow, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Ellen Swallow
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Online Only
You want happiness, love and peace of mind. When these are missing, you may seek a wise heart and a clear mind to witness your hurt and help you to achieve your goals. Investing in yourself in this way pays off in optimism, tranquility, happy relationships and a life you love living. A good therapist helps you to achieve these goals, accepting you without judgment, helping you to optimize your strengths, and supporting your progress at your own pace. When you want them, she offers useful insights and tools, and helps you to feel comfortable and safe as you grow.
You want happiness, love and peace of mind. When these are missing, you may seek a wise heart and a clear mind to witness your hurt and help you to achieve your goals. Investing in yourself in this way pays off in optimism, tranquility, happy relationships and a life you love living. A good therapist helps you to achieve these goals, accepting you without judgment, helping you to optimize your strengths, and supporting your progress at your own pace. When you want them, she offers useful insights and tools, and helps you to feel comfortable and safe as you grow.
(424) 256-1464 View (424) 256-1464
Photo of Carlo Dominic Medina, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Carlo Dominic Medina
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I provide a comfortable and relaxed environment where you can finally feel empowered to live the life you deserve. Through a variety of approaches and interventions that are customized to you and your needs, we will work together to move you in the direction of a new way of experiencing yourself. At the end of our time together, it is my hope that you will feel stronger, and more grounded, with a deeper understanding of yourself.
I provide a comfortable and relaxed environment where you can finally feel empowered to live the life you deserve. Through a variety of approaches and interventions that are customized to you and your needs, we will work together to move you in the direction of a new way of experiencing yourself. At the end of our time together, it is my hope that you will feel stronger, and more grounded, with a deeper understanding of yourself.
(341) 299-2083 View (341) 299-2083
Photo of Jacqueline DeLuca, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jacqueline DeLuca
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
My name is Jacqueline DeLuca and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Orange County, California. I currently work with adults and specialize in anxiety, stress, and depression, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused, and Strength Based approaches. My focus is aimed towards helping each individual client make progress toward the goals they set during our sessions that can improve their overall satisfaction in life.
My name is Jacqueline DeLuca and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Orange County, California. I currently work with adults and specialize in anxiety, stress, and depression, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused, and Strength Based approaches. My focus is aimed towards helping each individual client make progress toward the goals they set during our sessions that can improve their overall satisfaction in life.
(714) 947-4605 View (714) 947-4605
Photo of Sean Mitchell, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Sean Mitchell
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Orange County, California, and working with clients statewide via telehealth. My approach to therapy varies based on the needs of each person I work with. We'll work together to get an understanding of where you feel stuck, and explore approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, EMDR, and parts work to help find a way to free yourself.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Orange County, California, and working with clients statewide via telehealth. My approach to therapy varies based on the needs of each person I work with. We'll work together to get an understanding of where you feel stuck, and explore approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, EMDR, and parts work to help find a way to free yourself.
(424) 380-5014 View (424) 380-5014
Photo of Louise Lurner, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Louise Lurner
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hi there, I'm Lou! As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT), I am dedicated to providing compassionate, client-centered care. My therapeutic approach is integrated, drawing from a variety of modalities to best meet the unique needs of each individual, couple, or family I work with. I believe in the power of therapy to not only explore and understand one's own experiences but also identify practical, effective solutions to life's challenges. I am comfortable working with all populations and disorders; however, I specialize in treating anxiety disorders, depression, substance abuse, and co-occurring disorders.
Hi there, I'm Lou! As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT), I am dedicated to providing compassionate, client-centered care. My therapeutic approach is integrated, drawing from a variety of modalities to best meet the unique needs of each individual, couple, or family I work with. I believe in the power of therapy to not only explore and understand one's own experiences but also identify practical, effective solutions to life's challenges. I am comfortable working with all populations and disorders; however, I specialize in treating anxiety disorders, depression, substance abuse, and co-occurring disorders.
(831) 618-0784 View (831) 618-0784
Photo of Melisenda Stone, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PMH-C
Melisenda Stone
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PMH-C
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome—I’m so glad you’re here. Whether you’re navigating the tender postpartum season, facing a major life transition, feeling the weight of anxiety, or healing from relational wounds, you’re not meant to walk this path alone. My heart is to help you experience emotional, mental, and spiritual wholeness. Therapy can be a safe place to process, heal, and take courageous steps forward.
Welcome—I’m so glad you’re here. Whether you’re navigating the tender postpartum season, facing a major life transition, feeling the weight of anxiety, or healing from relational wounds, you’re not meant to walk this path alone. My heart is to help you experience emotional, mental, and spiritual wholeness. Therapy can be a safe place to process, heal, and take courageous steps forward.
(949) 558-0038 View (949) 558-0038
Photo of Kimberley Blaine, Marriage & Family Therapist, Child, Expert, LMFT
Kimberley Blaine
Marriage & Family Therapist, Child, Expert, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Ladera Ranch, CA 92694
Waitlist for new clients
Is it time for you or your family to architect a new and healthy way of living? I'll help you make shifts that foster optimal mental health & family happiness. Specialties: Comprehensive treatment w/families raising high-need kids who struggle w/ mood dysregulation & behavioral control, ADHD, OCD, PANS/PANDAS, Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), ASD, DMDD, NVLD & Sibling Rivalry. I assist parents in supporting the emotional development of their child before severe intervention is needed. I case manage neuropsychological assessments, psychiatry med evals, IEP's, OT, ABA needed supports. OFFICES: Ladera Ranch and Teletherapy.
Is it time for you or your family to architect a new and healthy way of living? I'll help you make shifts that foster optimal mental health & family happiness. Specialties: Comprehensive treatment w/families raising high-need kids who struggle w/ mood dysregulation & behavioral control, ADHD, OCD, PANS/PANDAS, Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), ASD, DMDD, NVLD & Sibling Rivalry. I assist parents in supporting the emotional development of their child before severe intervention is needed. I case manage neuropsychological assessments, psychiatry med evals, IEP's, OT, ABA needed supports. OFFICES: Ladera Ranch and Teletherapy.
(626) 314-6518 View (626) 314-6518
Photo of Michelle Eynon, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Michelle Eynon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you here because you feel the need for change? Maybe a need for change in a relationship, or with changing your thoughts and mood? When you are ready, I can help you by looking at patterns that no longer serve you, by identifying thoughts and behaviors that keep you stuck in the same unsatisfying loop and by talking through what you want your life to look like once you lean into that change. I consider it a privilege to help clients take steps towards change and positive growth!
Are you here because you feel the need for change? Maybe a need for change in a relationship, or with changing your thoughts and mood? When you are ready, I can help you by looking at patterns that no longer serve you, by identifying thoughts and behaviors that keep you stuck in the same unsatisfying loop and by talking through what you want your life to look like once you lean into that change. I consider it a privilege to help clients take steps towards change and positive growth!
(949) 649-8438 View (949) 649-8438
Photo of Georgianna Olivieri, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Georgianna Olivieri
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hello, my name is Georgianna Olivieri. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Certified Counselor specializing in the treatment of people with Substance Use Disorder. My collaborative therapeutic approach focuses on helping clients to identify and fuel the power of their unique strengths to manage and overcome mental health and substance use challenges. My treatment forte includes Suicidal Ideation, Anger Management, ADHD, Personality Disorders, Trauma, and Attachment Disorders. I have a diverse background working with clientele including people from 5 to 87 years old. I work with individuals, couples, and families.
Hello, my name is Georgianna Olivieri. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Certified Counselor specializing in the treatment of people with Substance Use Disorder. My collaborative therapeutic approach focuses on helping clients to identify and fuel the power of their unique strengths to manage and overcome mental health and substance use challenges. My treatment forte includes Suicidal Ideation, Anger Management, ADHD, Personality Disorders, Trauma, and Attachment Disorders. I have a diverse background working with clientele including people from 5 to 87 years old. I work with individuals, couples, and families.
(310) 362-9864 View (310) 362-9864
Photo of Dr. Melissa Essman - Therapy Without Walls California/Dr Melissa Essman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
Therapy Without Walls California/Dr Melissa Essman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I have designed a practice to be responsive to your contemporary needs in your life - through VIRTUAL interactive therapy appointments that effectively utilize the natural setting you are in. I have found that therapy can be even more useful by meeting you in the context you are in. Meeting you while you are parenting can better tackle your parenting goals. Mind-body health goals can be achieved even better when we use therapy virtually while you’re on a walk. Teaching you to take valuable breaks in your day, is a therapy approach that can be even more helpful as you reset from your office. This is not your average teletherapy.
I have designed a practice to be responsive to your contemporary needs in your life - through VIRTUAL interactive therapy appointments that effectively utilize the natural setting you are in. I have found that therapy can be even more useful by meeting you in the context you are in. Meeting you while you are parenting can better tackle your parenting goals. Mind-body health goals can be achieved even better when we use therapy virtually while you’re on a walk. Teaching you to take valuable breaks in your day, is a therapy approach that can be even more helpful as you reset from your office. This is not your average teletherapy.
(949) 484-0962 View (949) 484-0962
Photo of Melissa Lehrich, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Melissa Lehrich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hello, my name is Melissa Lehrich, Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have an admiration for those who seek to heal and create a more meaningful life, My focus is to help individuals find peace in themselves and become aware of their inner strengths. We will work together to help you grow from your struggles, increase your quality of life and move forward to where you would like to be. My treatment approaches include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, and Solution Focused Brief Therapy.
Hello, my name is Melissa Lehrich, Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have an admiration for those who seek to heal and create a more meaningful life, My focus is to help individuals find peace in themselves and become aware of their inner strengths. We will work together to help you grow from your struggles, increase your quality of life and move forward to where you would like to be. My treatment approaches include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, and Solution Focused Brief Therapy.
(831) 850-0838 View (831) 850-0838
Photo of Desiree Moffitt, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PMH-C
Desiree Moffitt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PMH-C
3 Endorsed
Online Only
You might feel anxious, overwhelmed, or a bit disconnected from yourself, even though you’re capable and caring in many areas of your life. Maybe self-doubt shows up more than you’d like, or you feel stretched thin trying to keep everything together. For some people, this starts or intensifies during pregnancy or postpartum. For others, it’s tied to long-standing patterns around self-worth or attachment. You’re looking for support that feels human and grounding — a place to slow down, feel understood, and start feeling more like yourself again.
You might feel anxious, overwhelmed, or a bit disconnected from yourself, even though you’re capable and caring in many areas of your life. Maybe self-doubt shows up more than you’d like, or you feel stretched thin trying to keep everything together. For some people, this starts or intensifies during pregnancy or postpartum. For others, it’s tied to long-standing patterns around self-worth or attachment. You’re looking for support that feels human and grounding — a place to slow down, feel understood, and start feeling more like yourself again.
(949) 749-3268 View (949) 749-3268
Photo of Melissa Berschauer, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Melissa Berschauer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Ladera Ranch, CA 92694
Anxiety, Relationships, Life Transitions: These are my top three specialties because when you think about it, most other issues have one of these at the root. The clients I work with come from all walks of life, each bringing their own unique set of experiences and needs. I love working with individuals who are open to working as a team, enjoy a good sense of humor, and are open minded about the work we are doing together. I believe that these components are important aspects of what makes our therapeutic relationship successful, so I ensure I bring them into every session and encourage my clients to do the same!
Anxiety, Relationships, Life Transitions: These are my top three specialties because when you think about it, most other issues have one of these at the root. The clients I work with come from all walks of life, each bringing their own unique set of experiences and needs. I love working with individuals who are open to working as a team, enjoy a good sense of humor, and are open minded about the work we are doing together. I believe that these components are important aspects of what makes our therapeutic relationship successful, so I ensure I bring them into every session and encourage my clients to do the same!
(949) 613-0899 View (949) 613-0899
Photo of Tracy Bevington - Pacific MFT Network LAC- Anxiety, Couples, LGBTQ, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Pacific MFT Network LAC- Anxiety, Couples, LGBTQ
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Find your best therapist match with us! We are a team of highly skilled, diverse, well-trained, and inclusive therapists dedicated to empowering you to live the life you want. We do this by fostering supportive, caring, and non-judgmental relationships with our clients. Our priority is to provide the highest quality care while reducing barriers to access. We offer a concierge out-of-network billing service for PPO insurance and flexible scheduling, including weekday and weekend morning, afternoon, and evening appointments. We work with children, teens, and adults of all ages, offering therapy for individuals, couples, and families.
Find your best therapist match with us! We are a team of highly skilled, diverse, well-trained, and inclusive therapists dedicated to empowering you to live the life you want. We do this by fostering supportive, caring, and non-judgmental relationships with our clients. Our priority is to provide the highest quality care while reducing barriers to access. We offer a concierge out-of-network billing service for PPO insurance and flexible scheduling, including weekday and weekend morning, afternoon, and evening appointments. We work with children, teens, and adults of all ages, offering therapy for individuals, couples, and families.
(858) 544-5537 View (858) 544-5537
Photo of Dr. Ladi Boustani, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Ladi Boustani
Psychologist, PsyD
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome to Soul Therapy & Coaching. I’m Dr. Ladi Boustani, a Licensed Clinical Psychologist in California with over 10 years of experience, serving clients in Orange County and statewide via telehealth. I work with professionals across industries—including tech—who are navigating burnout, anxiety, work–life balance challenges, relationship struggles, and couples issues. Through compassionate, insight-oriented, and personalized therapy, I help clients identify limiting patterns, heal past wounds, and build greater clarity, confidence, and emotional resilience for more balanced, fulfilling lives.
Welcome to Soul Therapy & Coaching. I’m Dr. Ladi Boustani, a Licensed Clinical Psychologist in California with over 10 years of experience, serving clients in Orange County and statewide via telehealth. I work with professionals across industries—including tech—who are navigating burnout, anxiety, work–life balance challenges, relationship struggles, and couples issues. Through compassionate, insight-oriented, and personalized therapy, I help clients identify limiting patterns, heal past wounds, and build greater clarity, confidence, and emotional resilience for more balanced, fulfilling lives.
(949) 946-6803 View (949) 946-6803
Photo of Morgan Pemberton, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, EMDR
Morgan Pemberton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, EMDR
7 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you struggling with anxiety, trauma, OCD, or ADHD? Or are you a parent hoping to break cycles of multigenerational trauma & heal attachment wounds? You may be looking for effective support that feels both compassionate & practical.
Are you struggling with anxiety, trauma, OCD, or ADHD? Or are you a parent hoping to break cycles of multigenerational trauma & heal attachment wounds? You may be looking for effective support that feels both compassionate & practical.
(949) 792-4133 View (949) 792-4133
Photo of Patrice L Hooke, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Patrice L Hooke
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
3 Endorsed
Ladera Ranch, CA 92694
Are you having relationship difficulties? Do you feel stuck/hopeless? Are you suffering from a loss? Are you struggling with a life transition? Maybe you have days where you feel totally alone, overwhelmed or misunderstood. You may be holding all of this inside or maybe you've tried to talk to friends or family, but just end up confused. You don't have to struggle with this by yourself. I'd like to help guide you through your struggles and help you to find the true joy in living again (or maybe for the first time).
Are you having relationship difficulties? Do you feel stuck/hopeless? Are you suffering from a loss? Are you struggling with a life transition? Maybe you have days where you feel totally alone, overwhelmed or misunderstood. You may be holding all of this inside or maybe you've tried to talk to friends or family, but just end up confused. You don't have to struggle with this by yourself. I'd like to help guide you through your struggles and help you to find the true joy in living again (or maybe for the first time).
(949) 313-8990 View (949) 313-8990

See more therapy options for Ladera Ranch

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Ladera Ranch, CA

90+

Average cost per session

$182

Therapists in Ladera Ranch, CA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
72% Marriage Counseling
71% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

18 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% Aetna
76% Cigna and Evernorth
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Ladera Ranch, CA see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ladera Ranch?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.