Therapists in University Town Center, Irvine, CA

Photo of Sogol Philipson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sogol Philipson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
How is your past showing up in your present? How are your perceptions of events and circumstances? How do you want to feel from the inside out? My passion lies in uncovering any experiences/stressors that has had an impact on your emotional, physical, mental well-being. I want to connect with you on your journey of healing, insight, and self-love. I strive for my clients to know they are enough just as they are.
How is your past showing up in your present? How are your perceptions of events and circumstances? How do you want to feel from the inside out? My passion lies in uncovering any experiences/stressors that has had an impact on your emotional, physical, mental well-being. I want to connect with you on your journey of healing, insight, and self-love. I strive for my clients to know they are enough just as they are.
(949) 751-1080 View (949) 751-1080
Photo of Zachary Zickgraf, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Zachary Zickgraf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
Zac meets his patients where they are, recognizing that meaningful change begins with deep self-understanding. He guides this process by helping individuals make sense of their experiences, develop self-awareness, and cultivate a strong relationship with themselves. From there, Zac provides practical tools and encouragement to foster agency, resilience, and lasting growth. He believes therapy should be a collaborative, engaging experience—one that challenges unhelpful patterns while reinforcing strengths. Zac emphasizes action, knowing that true change happens through what we do, not just what we think or feel.
Zac meets his patients where they are, recognizing that meaningful change begins with deep self-understanding. He guides this process by helping individuals make sense of their experiences, develop self-awareness, and cultivate a strong relationship with themselves. From there, Zac provides practical tools and encouragement to foster agency, resilience, and lasting growth. He believes therapy should be a collaborative, engaging experience—one that challenges unhelpful patterns while reinforcing strengths. Zac emphasizes action, knowing that true change happens through what we do, not just what we think or feel.
(949) 390-6980 View (949) 390-6980
Photo of Stephanie Magana, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Stephanie Magana
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
I help with anxiety, adjustment concerns, grief and loss, mood disorders, relationships, self-esteem and self-worth, spirituality, women’s mental health, and young adult issues.
I help with anxiety, adjustment concerns, grief and loss, mood disorders, relationships, self-esteem and self-worth, spirituality, women’s mental health, and young adult issues.
(949) 390-6980 View (949) 390-6980
Photo of Dean Leav - Psychological Evaluations for Court - Dr. Dean, Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Psychological Evaluations for Court - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct legal / forensic / psychological evaluations for court and provide expert witness testimony. I also do ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic evaluations, risk assessment (violence/sexual), drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness-for-duty evaluations, immigration evaluations, pre-adoption evaluations, parenting/bonding assessments, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct legal / forensic / psychological evaluations for court and provide expert witness testimony. I also do ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic evaluations, risk assessment (violence/sexual), drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness-for-duty evaluations, immigration evaluations, pre-adoption evaluations, parenting/bonding assessments, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
(949) 628-0354 View (949) 628-0354
Photo of Beatriz Grimaldo, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Beatriz Grimaldo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
Through her master’s training in Marriage and Family Therapy and her doctoral program (PsyD) in Psychology, Bee developed a strong passion for working with adolescents and young adults. Bee fosters safe, collaborative, supportive therapeutic relationships and draws from a range of evidence-based modalities. She is deeply attuned to the significant life transitions, stressors, and identity-related challenges that often arise during these developmental stages. Her academic curiosity led her to focus her dissertation research on adolescent and young adult mental health.
Through her master’s training in Marriage and Family Therapy and her doctoral program (PsyD) in Psychology, Bee developed a strong passion for working with adolescents and young adults. Bee fosters safe, collaborative, supportive therapeutic relationships and draws from a range of evidence-based modalities. She is deeply attuned to the significant life transitions, stressors, and identity-related challenges that often arise during these developmental stages. Her academic curiosity led her to focus her dissertation research on adolescent and young adult mental health.
(949) 390-6980 View (949) 390-6980
Photo of Dean Leav - Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean, Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
(949) 274-4852 View (949) 274-4852
Photo of Dean Leav - Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean, Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
(949) 694-3836 View (949) 694-3836
Photo of Dean Leav - Men's Issues - Dr. Dean, Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Men's Issues - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, broken relationships, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, financial recklessness, and gambling. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, broken relationships, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, financial recklessness, and gambling. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
(949) 607-8758 View (949) 607-8758
Photo of Sufi Farkhan, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Sufi Farkhan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
Do you Over-Think things? Over-Experience your emotions? Do you struggle to focus or complete tasks? Difficulty sleeping? Putting off your mental health is no longer an option! With over 75 clinical experts, WellPsyche and MediPsych providers provide Empathetic Psychotherapy and Personalized Medication Management services for Children, Adolescents, and Adults. 100% of our visits are conducted via Zoom, and we are available mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Meet with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of home or work. We are simplifying the mental health experience so you can become the best version of you!
Do you Over-Think things? Over-Experience your emotions? Do you struggle to focus or complete tasks? Difficulty sleeping? Putting off your mental health is no longer an option! With over 75 clinical experts, WellPsyche and MediPsych providers provide Empathetic Psychotherapy and Personalized Medication Management services for Children, Adolescents, and Adults. 100% of our visits are conducted via Zoom, and we are available mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Meet with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of home or work. We are simplifying the mental health experience so you can become the best version of you!
(310) 589-3561 View (310) 589-3561
Photo of Marisol Garcia Valente, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Marisol Garcia Valente
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
Marisol has an integrative and collaborative approach to therapy, drawing from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic principles. She supports individuals in managing present-day challenges while exploring the deeper roots of their concerns. Marisol creates a safe, reflective space where people can grow and build meaningful lives. Marisol enjoys working with young adults and adults navigating life transitions, self-confidence issues, and relationship challenges. She also enjoys helping couples strengthen their connection.
Marisol has an integrative and collaborative approach to therapy, drawing from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic principles. She supports individuals in managing present-day challenges while exploring the deeper roots of their concerns. Marisol creates a safe, reflective space where people can grow and build meaningful lives. Marisol enjoys working with young adults and adults navigating life transitions, self-confidence issues, and relationship challenges. She also enjoys helping couples strengthen their connection.
(949) 390-6980 View (949) 390-6980
Photo of Dean Leav - Psychological Evaluations for Court - Dr. Dean, Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Psychological Evaluations for Court - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct legal / forensic / psychological evaluations for court and provide expert witness testimony. I also do ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic evaluations, risk assessment (violence/sexual), drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness-for-duty evaluations, immigration evaluations, pre-adoption evaluations, parenting/bonding assessments, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct legal / forensic / psychological evaluations for court and provide expert witness testimony. I also do ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic evaluations, risk assessment (violence/sexual), drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness-for-duty evaluations, immigration evaluations, pre-adoption evaluations, parenting/bonding assessments, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
(949) 625-2886 View (949) 625-2886
Photo of Nadia Chavez, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Nadia Chavez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
Nadia begins her work with patients by focusing on their immediate needs and the reasons that brought them to treatment. She has a collaborative, mixed-method approach that uses cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and trauma-informed care, which she finds crucial for supporting growth and helping patients achieve their goals. Nadia’s interest in mental health started in high school.
Nadia begins her work with patients by focusing on their immediate needs and the reasons that brought them to treatment. She has a collaborative, mixed-method approach that uses cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and trauma-informed care, which she finds crucial for supporting growth and helping patients achieve their goals. Nadia’s interest in mental health started in high school.
(949) 390-6980 View (949) 390-6980
Photo of Dean Leav - Men’s Issues - Dr. Dean, Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Men’s Issues - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, broken relationships, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, financial recklessness, and gambling. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, broken relationships, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, financial recklessness, and gambling. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
(949) 785-5231 View (949) 785-5231
Photo of Andrea Lochtefeld, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Andrea Lochtefeld
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
I am a licensed clinical social worker with ten years of experience providing psychotherapy to adolescents, adults, and families. I help with anxiety, depression, dating and relationships, eating disorders, family dynamics, self-esteem issues, and trauma from a perspective inclusive of multiculturalism, sex positivity, and LGBTQIA+ identities.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with ten years of experience providing psychotherapy to adolescents, adults, and families. I help with anxiety, depression, dating and relationships, eating disorders, family dynamics, self-esteem issues, and trauma from a perspective inclusive of multiculturalism, sex positivity, and LGBTQIA+ identities.
(949) 390-6980 View (949) 390-6980
Photo of Sufi Farkhan, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Sufi Farkhan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
Do you Over-Think things? Over-Experience your emotions? Do you struggle to focus or complete tasks? Difficulty sleeping? Putting off your mental health is no longer an option! With over 75 clinical experts, WellPsyche and MediPsych providers provide Empathetic Psychotherapy and Personalized Medication Management services for Children, Adolescents, and Adults. 100% of our visits are conducted via Zoom, and we are available mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Meet with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of home or work. We are simplifying the mental health experience so you can become the best version of you!
Do you Over-Think things? Over-Experience your emotions? Do you struggle to focus or complete tasks? Difficulty sleeping? Putting off your mental health is no longer an option! With over 75 clinical experts, WellPsyche and MediPsych providers provide Empathetic Psychotherapy and Personalized Medication Management services for Children, Adolescents, and Adults. 100% of our visits are conducted via Zoom, and we are available mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Meet with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of home or work. We are simplifying the mental health experience so you can become the best version of you!
(310) 341-7564 View (310) 341-7564
Photo of Joseph Zerrudo, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Joseph Zerrudo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
Joseph employs a collaborative, patient-centered approach to the therapeutic process using cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness techniques.
Joseph employs a collaborative, patient-centered approach to the therapeutic process using cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness techniques.
(949) 390-6980 View (949) 390-6980
Photo of Sandra Elaine De Jonk, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Sandra Elaine De Jonk
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
I have 14 years of experience as a licensed marriage and family therapist. I help with anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, coping skills, relationship issues, self-esteem, and stress management.
I have 14 years of experience as a licensed marriage and family therapist. I help with anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, coping skills, relationship issues, self-esteem, and stress management.
(949) 390-6980 View (949) 390-6980
Photo of Jarred Trusty, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Jarred Trusty
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
Do you Over-Think things? Over-Experience your emotions? Do you struggle to focus or complete tasks? Difficulty sleeping? Putting off your mental health is no longer an option! With over 75 clinical experts, WellPsyche and MediPsych providers provide Empathetic Psychotherapy and Personalized Medication Management services for Children, Adolescents, and Adults. 100% of our visits are conducted via Zoom, and we are available mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Meet with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of home or work. We are simplifying the mental health experience so you can become the best version of you!
Do you Over-Think things? Over-Experience your emotions? Do you struggle to focus or complete tasks? Difficulty sleeping? Putting off your mental health is no longer an option! With over 75 clinical experts, WellPsyche and MediPsych providers provide Empathetic Psychotherapy and Personalized Medication Management services for Children, Adolescents, and Adults. 100% of our visits are conducted via Zoom, and we are available mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Meet with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of home or work. We are simplifying the mental health experience so you can become the best version of you!
(424) 375-7643 View (424) 375-7643
Photo of Dr. Lawrence Chen, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Lawrence Chen
Psychologist, PhD
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
I help with adjustment concerns, academic and sports pressures, cultural issues, grief and loss, parenting, social relationships, sleep, spirituality, and trauma. My attachment-focused, trauma-informed approach to therapy helps build safety and trust. We will collaborate to find external resources and internal strengths.
I help with adjustment concerns, academic and sports pressures, cultural issues, grief and loss, parenting, social relationships, sleep, spirituality, and trauma. My attachment-focused, trauma-informed approach to therapy helps build safety and trust. We will collaborate to find external resources and internal strengths.
(949) 390-6980 View (949) 390-6980
Photo of Christopher Pena, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Christopher Pena
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
University Town Center, Irvine, CA 92612
College, both undergraduate and graduate, is a time of discovery, exploration, learning, and making new friends and mentors. It can also be a time of personal and emotional confusion, upheaval, feeling disconnected from others, or maybe it’s just not quite the experience we hoped for. Undoubtedly, college is a critical time in our lives and can impact our sense of who we are for years.
College, both undergraduate and graduate, is a time of discovery, exploration, learning, and making new friends and mentors. It can also be a time of personal and emotional confusion, upheaval, feeling disconnected from others, or maybe it’s just not quite the experience we hoped for. Undoubtedly, college is a critical time in our lives and can impact our sense of who we are for years.
(949) 390-6980 View (949) 390-6980

See more therapy options for University Town Center, Irvine

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in University Town Center, Irvine, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in University Town Center, Irvine, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
77% Stress
66% Relationship Issues
65% Trauma and PTSD
59% Grief
58% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Cigna and Evernorth
82% Aetna
78% Anthem

How Therapists in University Town Center, Irvine, CA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in University Town Center?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.