Therapists in Fountain Valley, CA

Photo of Rachel Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fountain Valley, CA
Rachel Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
Hello! My name is Rachel Smith, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. My approach to therapy is very client focused. I want you to feel comfortable sharing anything and everything with me, but I also recognize that trust is built. I want you to feel truly heard while working to incorporate practical solutions and techniques into your daily life.
Hello! My name is Rachel Smith, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. My approach to therapy is very client focused. I want you to feel comfortable sharing anything and everything with me, but I also recognize that trust is built. I want you to feel truly heard while working to incorporate practical solutions and techniques into your daily life.
(714) 844-7261 View (714) 844-7261
Photo of Deborah L Wieland, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fountain Valley, CA
Deborah L Wieland
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
Are you stressed out by your circumstances. You are not alone as an EMDR Christian Therapist I'll help you in your journey to make sense of the confusion, hurt, and pain in your life. I specialize in those struggling with trauma, substance abuse, dual diagnosis, anger, anxiety and depression. I provide Individual therapy for adults in person or via telehealth. I believe healing starts with genuine compassion, to listen & support the pain of others. sufficit unum lumen intenebris means a single light suffices in the darkness, therapy can bring light to your darkened world.
Are you stressed out by your circumstances. You are not alone as an EMDR Christian Therapist I'll help you in your journey to make sense of the confusion, hurt, and pain in your life. I specialize in those struggling with trauma, substance abuse, dual diagnosis, anger, anxiety and depression. I provide Individual therapy for adults in person or via telehealth. I believe healing starts with genuine compassion, to listen & support the pain of others. sufficit unum lumen intenebris means a single light suffices in the darkness, therapy can bring light to your darkened world.
(714) 793-0724 View (714) 793-0724
Photo of Jeffrey Ly | Porn Addiction Relationships in Fountain Valley, CA
Jeffrey Ly | Porn Addiction Relationships
LPHA, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Fountain Valley, CA 92708  (Online Only)
Pornography addiction can significantly impact your life and relationships but there is hope for recovery. I’m not just a mental health professional, I’ve been “you” for many years. I understand firsthand the personal struggles in your life and committed relationships that come with uncontrollable pornography use. The endless stream of attractive women a few clicks away on Pornhub, Onlyfan or Social Media is hard to quit even with all your willpower and promise to quit for the sake of your relationship
Pornography addiction can significantly impact your life and relationships but there is hope for recovery. I’m not just a mental health professional, I’ve been “you” for many years. I understand firsthand the personal struggles in your life and committed relationships that come with uncontrollable pornography use. The endless stream of attractive women a few clicks away on Pornhub, Onlyfan or Social Media is hard to quit even with all your willpower and promise to quit for the sake of your relationship
(714) 706-3768 View (714) 706-3768
Photo of Phanat Rith, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fountain Valley, CA
Phanat Rith
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
Every client is uniquely different, experiencing or having experienced situations and circumstances that can hinder their daily functioning. But clients have shown resiliency, perseverance, and wisdom when they have a safe therapeutic setting to explore their strengths and core beliefs.
Every client is uniquely different, experiencing or having experienced situations and circumstances that can hinder their daily functioning. But clients have shown resiliency, perseverance, and wisdom when they have a safe therapeutic setting to explore their strengths and core beliefs.
(714) 455-1444 View (714) 455-1444
Photo of Nicole Wilson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fountain Valley, CA
Nicole Wilson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over a decade in mental health, I bring a compassionate, culturally sensitive, and holistic approach to therapy. I understand the barriers and stigma associated with treatment, and I use a blend of praise and Harm Reduction to meet each person at their current stage of personal growth. I build rapport using a Person Centered Approach, respecting each individual's unique journey. I believe in the power of personal strengths and use Motivational Interviewing to help individuals identify desired changes.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over a decade in mental health, I bring a compassionate, culturally sensitive, and holistic approach to therapy. I understand the barriers and stigma associated with treatment, and I use a blend of praise and Harm Reduction to meet each person at their current stage of personal growth. I build rapport using a Person Centered Approach, respecting each individual's unique journey. I believe in the power of personal strengths and use Motivational Interviewing to help individuals identify desired changes.
(714) 613-0164 View (714) 613-0164
Photo of Sara Kolsin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fountain Valley, CA
Sara Kolsin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
“What is to give light must endure burning.” ― Victor Frankl. Everyone needs someone to hear them. I am here to lend an ear, be present when life gets tough, and assist you in finding coping skills to weather any storm successfully. Life can be confusing and stressful and we all need a helping hand in becoming the best version of ourselves. My practice consists of working with teenage and adult individuals that want to become stronger, feel better about themselves, and want to move past their past. I truly believe that our past holds us hostage and prevents us from being in, and enjoying, the present moments in life.
“What is to give light must endure burning.” ― Victor Frankl. Everyone needs someone to hear them. I am here to lend an ear, be present when life gets tough, and assist you in finding coping skills to weather any storm successfully. Life can be confusing and stressful and we all need a helping hand in becoming the best version of ourselves. My practice consists of working with teenage and adult individuals that want to become stronger, feel better about themselves, and want to move past their past. I truly believe that our past holds us hostage and prevents us from being in, and enjoying, the present moments in life.
(626) 240-5488 View (626) 240-5488
Photo of Ashley Kathryn Ledda, Psychologist in Fountain Valley, CA
Ashley Kathryn Ledda
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
Some of our greatest needs as human beings are to feel heard and understood. This is something that we all deserve, but unfortunately do not always experience. Therapy allows this to happen in a safe and nonjudgmental way. My number one priority is for the people I work with to feel safe and supported. I meet my clients where they are, and follow their lead so that they leave our sessions feeling like their most immediate needs and concerns were addressed.
Some of our greatest needs as human beings are to feel heard and understood. This is something that we all deserve, but unfortunately do not always experience. Therapy allows this to happen in a safe and nonjudgmental way. My number one priority is for the people I work with to feel safe and supported. I meet my clients where they are, and follow their lead so that they leave our sessions feeling like their most immediate needs and concerns were addressed.
(714) 584-6710 View (714) 584-6710
Photo of Krissy Thomas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fountain Valley, CA
Krissy Thomas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Fountain Valley, CA 92708  (Online Only)
Hi!, my name is Krissy, and I'm here to guide you on a journey towards healing, growth, and stronger relationships. As a licensed marriage and family therapist, I am deeply committed to providing compassionate and effective mental health services to individuals, couples, and families. Life presents us with a myriad of challenges, from navigating personal struggles to managing relationship dynamics. In these moments, seeking support can be a transformative step towards reclaiming your well-being and fostering resilience. I offer a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and experiences.
Hi!, my name is Krissy, and I'm here to guide you on a journey towards healing, growth, and stronger relationships. As a licensed marriage and family therapist, I am deeply committed to providing compassionate and effective mental health services to individuals, couples, and families. Life presents us with a myriad of challenges, from navigating personal struggles to managing relationship dynamics. In these moments, seeking support can be a transformative step towards reclaiming your well-being and fostering resilience. I offer a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and experiences.
(714) 475-7073 View (714) 475-7073
Photo of Valerie Uy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fountain Valley, CA
Valerie Uy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
The process of change and healing is challenging. Healing is hardly a singular upwards track and in fact, there are multiple ups and downs. Healing is an adventure that takes us outside of our comfort zone and our ‘norm’ to find self love and show up as our authentic selves in all areas of our lives. We step outside of the standards and experiences we thought were protecting us and in actuality, they were our survival mechanisms that are no longer functional for us through our healing process. We may feel defeated or isolated when we feel stuck. My experience has shown me that people are resilient and able to heal and grow.
The process of change and healing is challenging. Healing is hardly a singular upwards track and in fact, there are multiple ups and downs. Healing is an adventure that takes us outside of our comfort zone and our ‘norm’ to find self love and show up as our authentic selves in all areas of our lives. We step outside of the standards and experiences we thought were protecting us and in actuality, they were our survival mechanisms that are no longer functional for us through our healing process. We may feel defeated or isolated when we feel stuck. My experience has shown me that people are resilient and able to heal and grow.
(657) 301-4360 View (657) 301-4360
Photo of Adriana Gutierrez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fountain Valley, CA
Adriana Gutierrez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
Hi! I am Adriana Gutierrez, Licensed Marriage and family therapist who is passionate about bringing therapy services through an integrative and holistic approach. I want to join you in supporting the work towards finding balance from day-to-day stressors to addressing life-altering events that challenge our sense of self. In my years of experience, I have trained and treated from parent-infant dynamics to children, teenagers, adults, couples, and families. I have extensive training and experience in trauma, anxiety, and depression.
Hi! I am Adriana Gutierrez, Licensed Marriage and family therapist who is passionate about bringing therapy services through an integrative and holistic approach. I want to join you in supporting the work towards finding balance from day-to-day stressors to addressing life-altering events that challenge our sense of self. In my years of experience, I have trained and treated from parent-infant dynamics to children, teenagers, adults, couples, and families. I have extensive training and experience in trauma, anxiety, and depression.
(714) 497-2160 View (714) 497-2160
Photo of Sophia Jackson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Fountain Valley, CA
Sophia Jackson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
If you're looking to understand your anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationships, I am so happy you're here. Often times we find ourselves repeating and recreating patterns without totally understanding why, or maybe you have a lot of awareness but get overwhelmed by being stuck in it. I am here to support you in the journey to feeling at home with yourself. Though it can seem overwhelming at first, you are worth this next step.
If you're looking to understand your anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationships, I am so happy you're here. Often times we find ourselves repeating and recreating patterns without totally understanding why, or maybe you have a lot of awareness but get overwhelmed by being stuck in it. I am here to support you in the journey to feeling at home with yourself. Though it can seem overwhelming at first, you are worth this next step.
(714) 584-6693 View (714) 584-6693
Photo of Natalie Nguyen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fountain Valley, CA
Natalie Nguyen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Fountain Valley, CA 92708  (Online Only)
Helping individuals, children, and teens navigate through their personal journeys. Specializing in issues such as anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and relationships. I bring a client-centered approach to her counseling practice. I firmly believe in the power of creating a safe and non-judgmental space for my clients to explore their thoughts, emotions, and experiences.
Helping individuals, children, and teens navigate through their personal journeys. Specializing in issues such as anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and relationships. I bring a client-centered approach to her counseling practice. I firmly believe in the power of creating a safe and non-judgmental space for my clients to explore their thoughts, emotions, and experiences.
(714) 908-8478 View (714) 908-8478
Photo of Janelle Shepard, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fountain Valley, CA
Janelle Shepard
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
Hi! I am a self-esteem, ADHD and body image specialist. I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and work with teen and adult individuals, age 17 and above. My passion is in helping individuals struggling with negative body image, executive function issues and/or depression, work on building up their self-esteem, learn about their brain, decrease perfectionism and anxiety, and develop healthy relationships. I help my clients to develop a deeper sense of self-worth, examine old behavior patterns and create new patterns, learn boundary setting, and create a better balanced and more fulfilling life.
Hi! I am a self-esteem, ADHD and body image specialist. I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and work with teen and adult individuals, age 17 and above. My passion is in helping individuals struggling with negative body image, executive function issues and/or depression, work on building up their self-esteem, learn about their brain, decrease perfectionism and anxiety, and develop healthy relationships. I help my clients to develop a deeper sense of self-worth, examine old behavior patterns and create new patterns, learn boundary setting, and create a better balanced and more fulfilling life.
(562) 740-8460 View (562) 740-8460
Photo of Stephanie Nguyen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fountain Valley, CA
Stephanie Nguyen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fountain Valley, CA 92728  (Online Only)
I am a trauma-informed therapist who is trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing and Seeking Safety. My therapeutic approach is eclectic, incorporating components from cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness, in order to help you achieve your therapeutic goals.
I am a trauma-informed therapist who is trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing and Seeking Safety. My therapeutic approach is eclectic, incorporating components from cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness, in order to help you achieve your therapeutic goals.
(657) 571-4040 View (657) 571-4040
Photo of Sara Sierra- Valinsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fountain Valley, CA
Sara Sierra- Valinsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
We've all been in a life situation where we have felt stuck or struggled with feelings that seem insurmountable. Trying to balance all of the demands and challenges in our lives can be overwhelming! Sometimes we know what’s wrong and other times we just have the sense that something isn't "right". Finding a therapist to help you understand more clearly what’s going on can help you to learn to make the choices that will help you move forward.
We've all been in a life situation where we have felt stuck or struggled with feelings that seem insurmountable. Trying to balance all of the demands and challenges in our lives can be overwhelming! Sometimes we know what’s wrong and other times we just have the sense that something isn't "right". Finding a therapist to help you understand more clearly what’s going on can help you to learn to make the choices that will help you move forward.
(714) 594-9477 View (714) 594-9477
Photo of Stacey Harlan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fountain Valley, CA
Stacey Harlan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
My name is Stacey Harlan (and I am a male Stacey!) I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a major focus on dealing with depression and anxiety. My approach to therapy is to strive to facilitate a positive, solution-oriented approach that focuses on cultivating psychological growth and progress. It is my desire to not merely "deal with" depression and anxiety but to gradually replace those emotions with a sense of adventure, enjoyment, and a deepening sense of discovery about the meaning of what it is to be alive.
My name is Stacey Harlan (and I am a male Stacey!) I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a major focus on dealing with depression and anxiety. My approach to therapy is to strive to facilitate a positive, solution-oriented approach that focuses on cultivating psychological growth and progress. It is my desire to not merely "deal with" depression and anxiety but to gradually replace those emotions with a sense of adventure, enjoyment, and a deepening sense of discovery about the meaning of what it is to be alive.
(714) 766-0290 View (714) 766-0290
Photo of Alejandra Mora Sanchez, Psychologist in Fountain Valley, CA
Alejandra Mora Sanchez
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
My name is Dr. Alejandra Mora-Sanchez, I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist based in Los Angeles, California, working with individuals across the state through telehealth. I am a Hispanic female and provide therapy services fluently in both Spanish and English. I have experience working with individuals and couples dealing with depression, trauma, personal growth challenges, and relationship issues. I work with various treatment modalities including Psychodynamic, Cognitive Behavioral, and Emotionally Focused, in order to fit each client's needs.
My name is Dr. Alejandra Mora-Sanchez, I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist based in Los Angeles, California, working with individuals across the state through telehealth. I am a Hispanic female and provide therapy services fluently in both Spanish and English. I have experience working with individuals and couples dealing with depression, trauma, personal growth challenges, and relationship issues. I work with various treatment modalities including Psychodynamic, Cognitive Behavioral, and Emotionally Focused, in order to fit each client's needs.
(714) 503-8799 View (714) 503-8799
Photo of Laurie Fitzgerald, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fountain Valley, CA
Laurie Fitzgerald
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
I'm Laurie Fitzgerald, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I help people struggling with anxiety, depression, domestic abuse/violence, trauma, PTSD, LGBTQIA+ issues, and more. My work integrates relationship-based and cognitive-behavioral approaches. I strongly believe in the inherent ability of every individual to find their own answers to the big questions that bring people into therapy. I see my role as a therapist primarily as a facilitator and guide. During times of struggle or uncertainty, we often need someone who can ask questions and provide the space for inner answers to be found.
I'm Laurie Fitzgerald, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I help people struggling with anxiety, depression, domestic abuse/violence, trauma, PTSD, LGBTQIA+ issues, and more. My work integrates relationship-based and cognitive-behavioral approaches. I strongly believe in the inherent ability of every individual to find their own answers to the big questions that bring people into therapy. I see my role as a therapist primarily as a facilitator and guide. During times of struggle or uncertainty, we often need someone who can ask questions and provide the space for inner answers to be found.
(619) 329-8164 View (619) 329-8164
Photo of Arol Behavioral Health Services LLC in Fountain Valley, CA
Arol Behavioral Health Services LLC
MSW, MAT, BCBA
Verified Verified
Fountain Valley, CA 92708  (Online Only)
Hello. While working together, I strive to accomplish significant milestones for your child and family. Some examples of skills learned for a child and their family include fostering independent dressing, facilitating the transition from non-verbal to functional communication with AACD, and addressing self-injurious behaviors like head-banging. We guide children to express distress through alternative means, such as hitting their thighs or stomping their feet. Applying evidence-based ABA techniques has a profound impact, enhancing family communication, refining dressing routines, and offering an alternative behavior to self-injury.
Hello. While working together, I strive to accomplish significant milestones for your child and family. Some examples of skills learned for a child and their family include fostering independent dressing, facilitating the transition from non-verbal to functional communication with AACD, and addressing self-injurious behaviors like head-banging. We guide children to express distress through alternative means, such as hitting their thighs or stomping their feet. Applying evidence-based ABA techniques has a profound impact, enhancing family communication, refining dressing routines, and offering an alternative behavior to self-injury.
(714) 844-1861 View (714) 844-1861
Photo of Paula Inge Linchim, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fountain Valley, CA
Paula Inge Linchim
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
My name is Paula Inge-Linchim, Licensed Marriage Family Therapist. I have been in private practice since 1992. I received my Bachelor of Arts in psychology from the University of Arizona and National University in 1990, and my Master of Arts in clinical psychology from National University in 1992. I went directly into private practice, working side by side with my father, who was a psychologist and my mentor until his death in 2006. Cope Center was started by my father in 1976. The current business name is Changing Directions Psychotherapy, LLC and is solely run by Paula Inge-Linchim, LMFT.
My name is Paula Inge-Linchim, Licensed Marriage Family Therapist. I have been in private practice since 1992. I received my Bachelor of Arts in psychology from the University of Arizona and National University in 1990, and my Master of Arts in clinical psychology from National University in 1992. I went directly into private practice, working side by side with my father, who was a psychologist and my mentor until his death in 2006. Cope Center was started by my father in 1976. The current business name is Changing Directions Psychotherapy, LLC and is solely run by Paula Inge-Linchim, LMFT.
(714) 676-8116 View (714) 676-8116

See more therapy options for Fountain Valley

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fountain Valley, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Fountain Valley, CA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
92% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
75% Coping Skills
67% Trauma and PTSD
64% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
77% Cigna and Evernorth
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Fountain Valley, CA see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

73% Female
27% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fountain Valley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.