Therapists in El Toro, CA

Photo of Jennifer Villar, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jennifer Villar
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
I have been a licensed therapist since 2018. Before that I was a special education teacher, working with children in a non-public school. I have 3 years of working with children and adolescents who have history or PTSD, trauma, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and general neglect. I have a year experience of working with adults who are working through grief, anxiety, stress, and self-esteem concerns, and depression. I tend to use cognitive behavioral therapy in my practice, and enjoy mixing in motivational interviewing, strength based, and solution focused therapy.
I have been a licensed therapist since 2018. Before that I was a special education teacher, working with children in a non-public school. I have 3 years of working with children and adolescents who have history or PTSD, trauma, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and general neglect. I have a year experience of working with adults who are working through grief, anxiety, stress, and self-esteem concerns, and depression. I tend to use cognitive behavioral therapy in my practice, and enjoy mixing in motivational interviewing, strength based, and solution focused therapy.
(657) 837-1439 View (657) 837-1439
Photo of Vivian Kiani, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Vivian Kiani
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship for healing the wounds of the past and the present. In order to understand the complexities of problems nested in cultural beliefs and values in the individuals’ life, I use a culturally sensitive approach to support individuals in navigating their experiences. I strive to provide a safe and non-judgmental space for individuals to express and process their emotions. Therapy is a unique experience and I believe that finding the right fit is extremely important. My clinical approach would depend on the person and presenting issue that is brought into the therapy session.
I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship for healing the wounds of the past and the present. In order to understand the complexities of problems nested in cultural beliefs and values in the individuals’ life, I use a culturally sensitive approach to support individuals in navigating their experiences. I strive to provide a safe and non-judgmental space for individuals to express and process their emotions. Therapy is a unique experience and I believe that finding the right fit is extremely important. My clinical approach would depend on the person and presenting issue that is brought into the therapy session.
(949) 776-0386 View (949) 776-0386
Photo of Olivia Dahlin, MS, LMFT, LPCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Olivia Dahlin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or struggling to navigate life’s challenges? You might notice feeling stress, worry, or anxiety leading to difficulty focusing on work, school, or relationships. You may also be experiencing changes like withdrawal, sadness, irritability, or loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed. Perhaps you’re coping with trauma, a major life transition, or a loss and need support to move forward. These experiences can be confusing and when facing these emotions, you may long for a way to feel more grounded and gain understanding and insight into your situation. You don't have to do it alone.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or struggling to navigate life’s challenges? You might notice feeling stress, worry, or anxiety leading to difficulty focusing on work, school, or relationships. You may also be experiencing changes like withdrawal, sadness, irritability, or loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed. Perhaps you’re coping with trauma, a major life transition, or a loss and need support to move forward. These experiences can be confusing and when facing these emotions, you may long for a way to feel more grounded and gain understanding and insight into your situation. You don't have to do it alone.
(949) 694-3451 View (949) 694-3451
Photo of Janel Guinane, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Janel Guinane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
My career in the helping professions started in 1997 at a residential program in San Francisco working with adults with substance use issues and co-occurring mental health disorders. This launched a long road of determination to attain a Bachelor’s degree in Social Work in 2008 and then a Master’s in Social Work in 2010. I obtained my Clinical License in 2015. Throughout my educational years and afterward, I worked with many different populations such as children, teens, TAY, former foster youth, homeless youth, adults with mental illness, homeless adults, and those arrested for alcohol and/or drug related offenses.
My career in the helping professions started in 1997 at a residential program in San Francisco working with adults with substance use issues and co-occurring mental health disorders. This launched a long road of determination to attain a Bachelor’s degree in Social Work in 2008 and then a Master’s in Social Work in 2010. I obtained my Clinical License in 2015. Throughout my educational years and afterward, I worked with many different populations such as children, teens, TAY, former foster youth, homeless youth, adults with mental illness, homeless adults, and those arrested for alcohol and/or drug related offenses.
(909) 675-0160 View (909) 675-0160
Photo of Paul True, PsyD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Paul True
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
If life is suffering, as it was said long ago, what is the meaning of both suffering and life? The real secret seems to be that through suffering we transcend suffering. Engaging in our legitimate suffering – manifesting as anxieties and depressions – brings us beyond the narrow egocentric view into a broader compassion and understanding, which is essentially a place of peace. I am not here to heal you but to help guide you to the place of self-healing. I have seen enough of both suffering and self-healing to know whereof I speak. Let's talk about what troubles you and find your unique path to resolution and acceptance.
If life is suffering, as it was said long ago, what is the meaning of both suffering and life? The real secret seems to be that through suffering we transcend suffering. Engaging in our legitimate suffering – manifesting as anxieties and depressions – brings us beyond the narrow egocentric view into a broader compassion and understanding, which is essentially a place of peace. I am not here to heal you but to help guide you to the place of self-healing. I have seen enough of both suffering and self-healing to know whereof I speak. Let's talk about what troubles you and find your unique path to resolution and acceptance.
(714) 752-0886 View (714) 752-0886
Celanire Shangraw
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi, my name is Celanire (Cel) Shangraw and I am an LCSW. I enjoy supporting my clients to live a happier and more fulfilling life by overcoming obstacles and hurdles. I work with a wide variety of clients, mostly aged 18-40. I have worked in inpatient settings treating severe substance use and mental health concerns. I use a person-centered focus. I prescribe a number of different modalities since each individual client may need a different approach to meet their needs.
Hi, my name is Celanire (Cel) Shangraw and I am an LCSW. I enjoy supporting my clients to live a happier and more fulfilling life by overcoming obstacles and hurdles. I work with a wide variety of clients, mostly aged 18-40. I have worked in inpatient settings treating severe substance use and mental health concerns. I use a person-centered focus. I prescribe a number of different modalities since each individual client may need a different approach to meet their needs.
(669) 338-1084 View (669) 338-1084
Photo of Joe Mutow, LPCC
Joe Mutow
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
I have provided therapy for individuals (children K-12 and adults), family, group, and couple sessions for over ten years. My modality is Cognitive Behavioral which means we believe it is not the event itself but how we perceive and react to the circumstance that may cause a problem. We will explore different possibilities through our session and discover what may serve us the best in pursuing happiness.
I have provided therapy for individuals (children K-12 and adults), family, group, and couple sessions for over ten years. My modality is Cognitive Behavioral which means we believe it is not the event itself but how we perceive and react to the circumstance that may cause a problem. We will explore different possibilities through our session and discover what may serve us the best in pursuing happiness.
(909) 316-1947 View (909) 316-1947
Photo of Susan Spehling, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan Spehling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Susan Spehling. I am an LCSW in CA, AZ, NV & OR. I am a certified Cognitive-Behavioral Therapist. I have special certifications in Trauma (CCTP-II) and ADHD (ADHD-CCSP), specializing in trauma/depression/anxiety & amp; marital problems. I typically work with a wide range of clients, from children, generally around age 10, to adults of varied ages and stages in their lives. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, and families, with a specialty focus on trauma, depression, resistant depression, anxiety, marital issues, and parenting.
My name is Susan Spehling. I am an LCSW in CA, AZ, NV & OR. I am a certified Cognitive-Behavioral Therapist. I have special certifications in Trauma (CCTP-II) and ADHD (ADHD-CCSP), specializing in trauma/depression/anxiety & amp; marital problems. I typically work with a wide range of clients, from children, generally around age 10, to adults of varied ages and stages in their lives. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, and families, with a specialty focus on trauma, depression, resistant depression, anxiety, marital issues, and parenting.
(916) 659-8177 View (916) 659-8177
Photo of Melissa Barraza, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Barraza
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello, I'm Melissa Barraza, a bilingual Spanish-speaking licensed clinical social worker who is committed to helping you heal from within. My work focuses on how attachment and trauma may impact your worldviews and beliefs, causing an imbalance in everyday functioning and interpersonal relationships. My goal is to help guide your healing process and create peace and harmony in your life. Some of the most common therapeutic approaches I use include attachment theory, trauma-informed practices, CBT, DBT, strengths-based, problem-solving, somatic, and client-centered interventions to help you meet your goals.
Hello, I'm Melissa Barraza, a bilingual Spanish-speaking licensed clinical social worker who is committed to helping you heal from within. My work focuses on how attachment and trauma may impact your worldviews and beliefs, causing an imbalance in everyday functioning and interpersonal relationships. My goal is to help guide your healing process and create peace and harmony in your life. Some of the most common therapeutic approaches I use include attachment theory, trauma-informed practices, CBT, DBT, strengths-based, problem-solving, somatic, and client-centered interventions to help you meet your goals.
(858) 251-8797 View (858) 251-8797
Photo of John Robles, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
John Robles
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi, my name is John Robles, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has engaged with people, by way of a client centered approach, to partner with them in continuing their self-improvement journey. I have worked with clients struggling with anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress, depression, existential struggles and relational challenges. The conditions I am most comfortable treating are Anxiety, Depression, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
Hi, my name is John Robles, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has engaged with people, by way of a client centered approach, to partner with them in continuing their self-improvement journey. I have worked with clients struggling with anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress, depression, existential struggles and relational challenges. The conditions I am most comfortable treating are Anxiety, Depression, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
(415) 230-2644 View (415) 230-2644
Photo of Deborah Brown, LCP, Psychologist
Deborah Brown
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Deborah L. Brown, Ph.D. I am a licensed psychologist in the state of California. I earned my doctorate from the University of Southern California and have over 25 years of experience treating clients from diverse backgrounds and with a wide range of presenting concerns. I have had a private practice for over 17 years. In addition, I have worked with students in university counseling centers conducting short-term dynamic therapy. I have also worked with the Los Angeles Superior Court conducting child custody evaluations and mediating child custody conflicts.
My name is Deborah L. Brown, Ph.D. I am a licensed psychologist in the state of California. I earned my doctorate from the University of Southern California and have over 25 years of experience treating clients from diverse backgrounds and with a wide range of presenting concerns. I have had a private practice for over 17 years. In addition, I have worked with students in university counseling centers conducting short-term dynamic therapy. I have also worked with the Los Angeles Superior Court conducting child custody evaluations and mediating child custody conflicts.
(805) 946-2829 View (805) 946-2829
Photo of Reneshia White, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Reneshia White
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
I have experience working in multiple disciplinary settings while servicing urban impact communities. I have a strong passion for connecting with teens by being supportive and encouraging as the teens have dealt with personal issues ranging from depression to suicidal ideation.
I have experience working in multiple disciplinary settings while servicing urban impact communities. I have a strong passion for connecting with teens by being supportive and encouraging as the teens have dealt with personal issues ranging from depression to suicidal ideation.
(747) 269-6449 View (747) 269-6449
Photo of Sherri Mahdavi, PhD, Psychologist
Sherri Mahdavi
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Serves Area
People often come to therapy because they are suffering from some psychological difficulties. They want to get rid of depression, anxiety or any other psychological problems that have made life unbearable. I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist and certified Jungian analyst with more than 18 years of clinical experience. I will create a safe space for my clients to work through their problems. Therapy from depth perspective can create an opportunity for personal growth. Sometimes in the depth of our depression or anxieties we can find the most important answers to our soul searching.
People often come to therapy because they are suffering from some psychological difficulties. They want to get rid of depression, anxiety or any other psychological problems that have made life unbearable. I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist and certified Jungian analyst with more than 18 years of clinical experience. I will create a safe space for my clients to work through their problems. Therapy from depth perspective can create an opportunity for personal growth. Sometimes in the depth of our depression or anxieties we can find the most important answers to our soul searching.
(949) 422-4488 View (949) 422-4488
Photo of Lorena Martin, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lorena Martin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi there, I'm Lorena! I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Inland Empire, California, and working with new clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adolescents and adults and specialize in anxiety, stress, depression, grief and loss, trauma, parenting, and life events, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma Focus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to help clients begin to feel better.
Hi there, I'm Lorena! I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Inland Empire, California, and working with new clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adolescents and adults and specialize in anxiety, stress, depression, grief and loss, trauma, parenting, and life events, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma Focus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to help clients begin to feel better.
(661) 493-8708 View (661) 493-8708
Photo of Michael Annoreno, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michael Annoreno
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello! I'm Michael Annoreno, a compassionate therapist dedicated to helping individuals like you navigate life's challenges and cultivate emotional well-being. Whether you're struggling with stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or personal growth, I'm here to provide a safe and supportive space for you to explore, heal, and thrive.
Hello! I'm Michael Annoreno, a compassionate therapist dedicated to helping individuals like you navigate life's challenges and cultivate emotional well-being. Whether you're struggling with stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or personal growth, I'm here to provide a safe and supportive space for you to explore, heal, and thrive.
(213) 529-9758 View (213) 529-9758
Photo of Richard Lappin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Richard Lappin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I provide psychotherapy for individuals, couples and families in a safe, nurturing environment. I have over 35 years of experience as a therapist and supervisor of therapists, and I use this experience to tailor my services to meet your individual and specific needs. I work with a wide variety of clients and issues, from adolescents to the elderly, from addiction problems to mood disorders to marital issues. I have a particular interest and specialty in working with grief and trauma associated with major losses, e.g., death of family member. I use my decades of both personal and professional experience to help clients heal.
I provide psychotherapy for individuals, couples and families in a safe, nurturing environment. I have over 35 years of experience as a therapist and supervisor of therapists, and I use this experience to tailor my services to meet your individual and specific needs. I work with a wide variety of clients and issues, from adolescents to the elderly, from addiction problems to mood disorders to marital issues. I have a particular interest and specialty in working with grief and trauma associated with major losses, e.g., death of family member. I use my decades of both personal and professional experience to help clients heal.
(714) 752-0988 View (714) 752-0988
Photo of Merett Sheridan, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Merett Sheridan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi there, I'm Merrett, a licensed marriage and family therapist. Areas I can help you with include self-esteem, co-dependency, setting boundaries, work/life balance, caregiver burnout, dysfunctional family dynamics, existential concerns, and life transitions. I use a variety of modalities including positive psychology, solution-focused, and existential, but always work in a client-centered manner, focusing on the issues that matter most to you to help guide you to better understand your experience and solutions for moving forward.
Hi there, I'm Merrett, a licensed marriage and family therapist. Areas I can help you with include self-esteem, co-dependency, setting boundaries, work/life balance, caregiver burnout, dysfunctional family dynamics, existential concerns, and life transitions. I use a variety of modalities including positive psychology, solution-focused, and existential, but always work in a client-centered manner, focusing on the issues that matter most to you to help guide you to better understand your experience and solutions for moving forward.
(760) 935-6664 View (760) 935-6664
Photo of Angele Suarez, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Angele Suarez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello, my name is Angele Suarez, and I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 22 years of experience. I believe if I can help one person become the best version of themselves, then this will directly impact the other relationships in their lives. Through empowerment and support, the adults I work with will be able to model healthy communication and respect towards others (i.e., their children, family members, friends, colleagues, etc.), thus creating a domino effect. I enjoy working with adults and couples who are struggling with relationship issues, past childhood trauma, and parenting challenges.
Hello, my name is Angele Suarez, and I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 22 years of experience. I believe if I can help one person become the best version of themselves, then this will directly impact the other relationships in their lives. Through empowerment and support, the adults I work with will be able to model healthy communication and respect towards others (i.e., their children, family members, friends, colleagues, etc.), thus creating a domino effect. I enjoy working with adults and couples who are struggling with relationship issues, past childhood trauma, and parenting challenges.
(858) 723-0161 View (858) 723-0161
Photo of Tina Luke, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tina Luke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Tina Luke, a licensed clinical social worker. I work with clients struggling with various forms of anxiety, managing stress, trauma, depression, social and specific phobias, relationships transitions, self-esteem concerns, life transitions, brief crisis intervention and PTSD. I like to use a strength based approach to allow identifying of strengths of the client to draw from when advancing into sessions. My main approach is cognitive behavioral therapy. My approach to therapy is ensuring that the client is being heard and that services are tailored to meet the needs of the client.
My name is Tina Luke, a licensed clinical social worker. I work with clients struggling with various forms of anxiety, managing stress, trauma, depression, social and specific phobias, relationships transitions, self-esteem concerns, life transitions, brief crisis intervention and PTSD. I like to use a strength based approach to allow identifying of strengths of the client to draw from when advancing into sessions. My main approach is cognitive behavioral therapy. My approach to therapy is ensuring that the client is being heard and that services are tailored to meet the needs of the client.
(657) 216-7356 View (657) 216-7356
Photo of Zeerak Hashimi, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Zeerak Hashimi
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Zeerak Hashimi, and I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I work with people struggling with anxiety, depression, and trauma. I believe in meeting clients where they are at and helping them identify their strengths to make positive changes in their lives. I provide therapy with a client-centered approach. I believe that letting people set their own goals and working at their pace empowers them to take control of their lives. I commonly use motivational interviewing techniques, CBT, and DBT to help clients identify their strengths and areas in which they need support to grow.
My name is Zeerak Hashimi, and I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I work with people struggling with anxiety, depression, and trauma. I believe in meeting clients where they are at and helping them identify their strengths to make positive changes in their lives. I provide therapy with a client-centered approach. I believe that letting people set their own goals and working at their pace empowers them to take control of their lives. I commonly use motivational interviewing techniques, CBT, and DBT to help clients identify their strengths and areas in which they need support to grow.
(805) 420-7636 View (805) 420-7636

See more therapy options for El Toro

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in El Toro, CA

20+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in El Toro, CA who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
90% Depression
85% Coping Skills
80% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
65% Trauma and PTSD
60% Anger Management

Average years in practice

18 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% Aetna
89% Cigna and Evernorth
89% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in El Toro, CA see their clients

80% Online Only
20% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in El Toro?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.