Therapists in El Dorado County, CA

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Photo of Krystal Dahlgren, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Krystal Dahlgren
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I have been practicing for about five years. I have worked mostly with children, teens, families and individuals. Much of my experience was gained at a local community health agency serving youth and families. As a therapist, I enjoy getting to know people and being a part of helping them feel better and more in control of their lives. It is rewarding to be a support for clients who are going through tough times and watch them heal. I live in Northern California with my family, I'm a mom, I love dogs, being outdoors and spending time with friends.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I have been practicing for about five years. I have worked mostly with children, teens, families and individuals. Much of my experience was gained at a local community health agency serving youth and families. As a therapist, I enjoy getting to know people and being a part of helping them feel better and more in control of their lives. It is rewarding to be a support for clients who are going through tough times and watch them heal. I live in Northern California with my family, I'm a mom, I love dogs, being outdoors and spending time with friends.
(530) 444-8335 View (530) 444-8335
Photo of Erin Ritter, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Erin Ritter
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Online Only
Erin Ritter is a Licensed Professional Counselor who holds licenses in California, Nevada, New Jersey, Utah, and Pennsylvania. She is a licensed Drug and Alcohol Counselor for the state of New Jersey. Erin is a Certified Clinical Supervisor in New Jersey as well as a Nationally Approved Clinical Supervisor for students, interns, and associate counselors. Erin has been recognized as a National Certified Counselor since 2012. As a psychotherapist, Erin takes a holistic approach to her work, addressing the connection between the mind, body, and spirit within the systems of being.
Erin Ritter is a Licensed Professional Counselor who holds licenses in California, Nevada, New Jersey, Utah, and Pennsylvania. She is a licensed Drug and Alcohol Counselor for the state of New Jersey. Erin is a Certified Clinical Supervisor in New Jersey as well as a Nationally Approved Clinical Supervisor for students, interns, and associate counselors. Erin has been recognized as a National Certified Counselor since 2012. As a psychotherapist, Erin takes a holistic approach to her work, addressing the connection between the mind, body, and spirit within the systems of being.
(341) 247-0705 View (341) 247-0705
Photo of Janette Robinson Dodge - California Aspen Connections, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
California Aspen Connections
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Placerville, CA 95667
If you are struggling with trauma, depression, anxiety or just feeling stuck, we are here for you. We utilize multiple therapeutic modalities including CBT, DBT, attachment therapy, narrative therapy, mindfulness and Trail Talk. We work from different therapeutic approaches to help clients find their own intentions, resources and strengths. We also offer Life and Relationship Coaching, an action oriented approach, focused on the present and future, working on the "how" to your goals.
If you are struggling with trauma, depression, anxiety or just feeling stuck, we are here for you. We utilize multiple therapeutic modalities including CBT, DBT, attachment therapy, narrative therapy, mindfulness and Trail Talk. We work from different therapeutic approaches to help clients find their own intentions, resources and strengths. We also offer Life and Relationship Coaching, an action oriented approach, focused on the present and future, working on the "how" to your goals.
(530) 853-3568 View (530) 853-3568
Photo of Carizma Chapman, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Carizma Chapman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hi, my name is Dr. Carizma Chapman and I am a psychotherapist specializing in treating individuals and couples. I curate therapeutic experiences that support women and couples to achieve lifestyle, intimacy/relationship, career, wellbeing, and general life goals. I thoroughly enjoy and am adept at working with people with diverse identities and from diverse backgrounds. I tailor my therapeutic approach to the unique needs of clients.
Hi, my name is Dr. Carizma Chapman and I am a psychotherapist specializing in treating individuals and couples. I curate therapeutic experiences that support women and couples to achieve lifestyle, intimacy/relationship, career, wellbeing, and general life goals. I thoroughly enjoy and am adept at working with people with diverse identities and from diverse backgrounds. I tailor my therapeutic approach to the unique needs of clients.
(530) 444-5605 View (530) 444-5605
Photo of Lynn D Aamot, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Lynn D Aamot
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
El Dorado Hills, CA 95762
My main focus is on relationships, your relationship with yourself, and with others. I believe the key to having healthier children and families is to strengthen and improve those relationships, which includes building a strong relationship bond between parent(s) and their child(ren). My style is energetic, straightforward and honest with a touch of humor. I have many years experience working with Couples and in group settings with men/women around their anger awareness/management and relationship issues.
My main focus is on relationships, your relationship with yourself, and with others. I believe the key to having healthier children and families is to strengthen and improve those relationships, which includes building a strong relationship bond between parent(s) and their child(ren). My style is energetic, straightforward and honest with a touch of humor. I have many years experience working with Couples and in group settings with men/women around their anger awareness/management and relationship issues.
(530) 394-2008 View (530) 394-2008
Photo of Linda O'Heron, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Linda O'Heron
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Cameron Park, CA 95682
I provide a safe, compassionate and judgement free space for individuals and for families seeking resolution for problems such as mental health issues, relationship challenges and difficult circumstances. While sometimes painful, therapy can lead to overcoming challenges and the ability to thrive in life.
I provide a safe, compassionate and judgement free space for individuals and for families seeking resolution for problems such as mental health issues, relationship challenges and difficult circumstances. While sometimes painful, therapy can lead to overcoming challenges and the ability to thrive in life.
(530) 364-5354 View (530) 364-5354
Photo of La Tisha San Pedro Lintag, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
La Tisha San Pedro Lintag
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hi there! I’m La Tisha. Whether you’re navigating anxiety, grief, disconnection, or a sense of losing yourself, my goal is to help you move beyond surface coping and return to your authentic self. I work with clients who are ready to step out of “performing wellness” and into honesty, genuine presence, and alignment with their core values. My approach is holistic and relational—integrating mind, body, and spirit to foster resilience, restore connection, and support sustainable healing and authentic living.
Hi there! I’m La Tisha. Whether you’re navigating anxiety, grief, disconnection, or a sense of losing yourself, my goal is to help you move beyond surface coping and return to your authentic self. I work with clients who are ready to step out of “performing wellness” and into honesty, genuine presence, and alignment with their core values. My approach is holistic and relational—integrating mind, body, and spirit to foster resilience, restore connection, and support sustainable healing and authentic living.
(530) 248-6954 View (530) 248-6954
Photo of Jennie Bedsworth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jennie Bedsworth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Cameron Park, CA 95682
Are you or your child struggling with trauma or anxiety? Perhaps you or your loved one has had a recent disturbing incident or a past trauma that seems to never go away. I'm experienced in helping people like you get back to a more balanced place where you can feel safe to relax and be you again. With kids, I use engaging activities that keep them engaged while we process thoughts and behaviors that are currently impacting them. With adults, I also use CBT to work through trauma and anxiety. But each person and situation is unique, so we'll find what you're most comfortable with.
Are you or your child struggling with trauma or anxiety? Perhaps you or your loved one has had a recent disturbing incident or a past trauma that seems to never go away. I'm experienced in helping people like you get back to a more balanced place where you can feel safe to relax and be you again. With kids, I use engaging activities that keep them engaged while we process thoughts and behaviors that are currently impacting them. With adults, I also use CBT to work through trauma and anxiety. But each person and situation is unique, so we'll find what you're most comfortable with.
(916) 665-0143 View (916) 665-0143
Photo of Eugenia N Rosenblatt, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Eugenia N Rosenblatt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Online Only
I am currently accepting new clients and work with children, teens, adults, and women navigating trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, ADHD, autism, parenting challenges, school issues, and life transitions. As a trauma-informed clinician, I partner with clients to reduce suffering and create more meaningful, values-guided living. My approach is collaborative and client-centered: together we clarify goals, identify barriers, and design practical interventions that fit your life, needs, and values while helping you move toward lasting healing and resilience.
I am currently accepting new clients and work with children, teens, adults, and women navigating trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, ADHD, autism, parenting challenges, school issues, and life transitions. As a trauma-informed clinician, I partner with clients to reduce suffering and create more meaningful, values-guided living. My approach is collaborative and client-centered: together we clarify goals, identify barriers, and design practical interventions that fit your life, needs, and values while helping you move toward lasting healing and resilience.
(916) 545-7689 View (916) 545-7689
Photo of Sam Colby, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sam Colby
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello! I am an LCSW with over 10 years of mental health experience in a variety of settings and levels of care. I am a natural and empathetic listener, and am able to deeply connect with and understand others. I hold space with reverence and respect for your trust and bravery in showing up, and respond with genuine understanding, intelligence, insight, acceptance, and compassion. I seek to empower clients to recognize and question patterns within their own lives, and to use skills and different perspectives to create lasting change where desired.
Hello! I am an LCSW with over 10 years of mental health experience in a variety of settings and levels of care. I am a natural and empathetic listener, and am able to deeply connect with and understand others. I hold space with reverence and respect for your trust and bravery in showing up, and respond with genuine understanding, intelligence, insight, acceptance, and compassion. I seek to empower clients to recognize and question patterns within their own lives, and to use skills and different perspectives to create lasting change where desired.
(530) 364-5407 View (530) 364-5407
Photo of Dr. Randall Speyer, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Dr. Randall Speyer
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Cool, CA 95614
Life is a series of challenges, difficulties, and conflicts. Your response to these experiences can make or break you. A path filled with openness, curiosity, and a passion for learning - what has been called a growth mindset - fosters mastery, resilience, and well-being. A resistance toward growth and change, a fixed mindset, can lead to fear, failure, and mistakes. As a therapist who has embraced the growth mindset, I strongly believe that in creating an environment of emotional safety, acceptance, and understanding, these qualities can be cultivated into a pathway of healing, change, and amazing growth.
Life is a series of challenges, difficulties, and conflicts. Your response to these experiences can make or break you. A path filled with openness, curiosity, and a passion for learning - what has been called a growth mindset - fosters mastery, resilience, and well-being. A resistance toward growth and change, a fixed mindset, can lead to fear, failure, and mistakes. As a therapist who has embraced the growth mindset, I strongly believe that in creating an environment of emotional safety, acceptance, and understanding, these qualities can be cultivated into a pathway of healing, change, and amazing growth.
(530) 461-5602 View (530) 461-5602
Photo of Misty Ogsaen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Misty Ogsaen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I enjoy working with people who have experienced life, in it's fullest, but sometimes need a little extra help. I see my clients as the experts in their own journey to resolve what life throws at us; I'm here to truly listen and gently guide. I have experience working with issues like trauma & abuse, depression & anxiety, relationship issues, addiction, personality disorders, family/parenting conflicts, intimacy issues, and/or grief & loss, Military/Veteran issues, & many more. I am completely open to understanding what you need and really look forward to working with you on a solution; you are not alone in this process.
I enjoy working with people who have experienced life, in it's fullest, but sometimes need a little extra help. I see my clients as the experts in their own journey to resolve what life throws at us; I'm here to truly listen and gently guide. I have experience working with issues like trauma & abuse, depression & anxiety, relationship issues, addiction, personality disorders, family/parenting conflicts, intimacy issues, and/or grief & loss, Military/Veteran issues, & many more. I am completely open to understanding what you need and really look forward to working with you on a solution; you are not alone in this process.
(805) 360-4183 View (805) 360-4183
Photo of Katie Blackthorn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Katie Blackthorn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I help people who’ve been through some shit revivify their lives. If you have experienced trauma, loss, or experiences that left you feeling stuck in survival mode, I would love to support you on your healing journey. You may be feeling disconnected, anxious, or like you’ve lost touch with who you really are. Even though you’ve tried to hold it all together, inside you know something has to change. You’re searching for more than symptom management — you want a way back to wholeness, balance, and authenticity. Most of all, you want to feel safe, connected, and like yourself again. You want to live, rather than just exist.
I help people who’ve been through some shit revivify their lives. If you have experienced trauma, loss, or experiences that left you feeling stuck in survival mode, I would love to support you on your healing journey. You may be feeling disconnected, anxious, or like you’ve lost touch with who you really are. Even though you’ve tried to hold it all together, inside you know something has to change. You’re searching for more than symptom management — you want a way back to wholeness, balance, and authenticity. Most of all, you want to feel safe, connected, and like yourself again. You want to live, rather than just exist.
(530) 794-9324 View (530) 794-9324
Photo of Jessica Alexander, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Jessica Alexander
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Online Only
You’re ready for something to change. Maybe you’ve been carrying anxiety that never quiets, reliving a past trauma, or feeling lost after becoming a parent. You might be navigating the aftermath of an abusive relationship, or watching a child struggle and not knowing how to help. I’m here to walk with you through it.
You’re ready for something to change. Maybe you’ve been carrying anxiety that never quiets, reliving a past trauma, or feeling lost after becoming a parent. You might be navigating the aftermath of an abusive relationship, or watching a child struggle and not knowing how to help. I’m here to walk with you through it.
(530) 657-0548 View (530) 657-0548
Photo of Melinda Rose, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Melinda Rose
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
El Dorado Hills, CA 95762
Hi, I’m Melinda—I'm dually licensed as a Mental Health Therapist and Professional Clinical Counselor. I work with millennials and adults navigating ADHD, life transitions, and parenting challenges with empathy and curiosity. I believe therapy should feel human, collaborative, and compassionate. My goal is to help you build insight, develop practical tools, and feel more connected to yourself—without judgment. I graduated in 2015, launched my private practice in 2023, and outside of therapy, I enjoy gardening, being crafty, baking, and spending time in nature with my kids.
Hi, I’m Melinda—I'm dually licensed as a Mental Health Therapist and Professional Clinical Counselor. I work with millennials and adults navigating ADHD, life transitions, and parenting challenges with empathy and curiosity. I believe therapy should feel human, collaborative, and compassionate. My goal is to help you build insight, develop practical tools, and feel more connected to yourself—without judgment. I graduated in 2015, launched my private practice in 2023, and outside of therapy, I enjoy gardening, being crafty, baking, and spending time in nature with my kids.
(916) 249-2728 View (916) 249-2728
Photo of Diana Kruck, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, APCC
Diana Kruck
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, APCC
1 Endorsed
Cameron Park, CA 95682
I enjoy working with adults navigating transitional periods who are eager to deepen their understanding of themselves and their place in the world. Whether you’re facing anxiety, career stress, relationship changes like divorce or separation, or the weight of trauma, I’m here to support you through life’s obstacles. I collaborate with my clients to help release the emotional weight of the past and embrace authentic, empowered self-expression. Rooted in a client-centered, humanistic, collaborative approach, my work focuses on enhancing communication, deepening connections, and fostering mutual understanding in every relationship.
I enjoy working with adults navigating transitional periods who are eager to deepen their understanding of themselves and their place in the world. Whether you’re facing anxiety, career stress, relationship changes like divorce or separation, or the weight of trauma, I’m here to support you through life’s obstacles. I collaborate with my clients to help release the emotional weight of the past and embrace authentic, empowered self-expression. Rooted in a client-centered, humanistic, collaborative approach, my work focuses on enhancing communication, deepening connections, and fostering mutual understanding in every relationship.
(530) 869-6378 View (530) 869-6378
Photo of Jessica Haskins, Psychologist
Jessica Haskins
Psychologist
El Dorado Hills, CA 95762
Not accepting new clients
I am a believer in change and that we are all capable of it. I help clients tap into their past successes and current strengths to make changes needed to live out a meaningful valued-driven life. I pull from a variety of approaches in order to best suit my clients' individual needs and consider my approach an integrated one. My interests include anxiety, depression, workplace issues, stress management, life transitions, values identification/clarification, mindfulness, and working with students and professionals-particularly those in the helping and medical fields.
I am a believer in change and that we are all capable of it. I help clients tap into their past successes and current strengths to make changes needed to live out a meaningful valued-driven life. I pull from a variety of approaches in order to best suit my clients' individual needs and consider my approach an integrated one. My interests include anxiety, depression, workplace issues, stress management, life transitions, values identification/clarification, mindfulness, and working with students and professionals-particularly those in the helping and medical fields.
(916) 659-8324 View (916) 659-8324
Photo of Krystal Dahlgren, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Krystal Dahlgren
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
I am experienced in working with both individuals and teens, I strive to create a space that feels safe, supportive, and real. My approach is grounded in empathy, collaboration, and authenticity—helping you uncover strengths and move toward healing. Whether you’re facing stress, transitions, or deeper challenges, we’ll work together to heal. I believe therapy should feel like a real, human conversation—warm, supportive, and honest. My approach is down-to-earth and collaborative, meaning we’ll work together to understand what’s going on beneath the surface and find practical ways to help you move forward.
I am experienced in working with both individuals and teens, I strive to create a space that feels safe, supportive, and real. My approach is grounded in empathy, collaboration, and authenticity—helping you uncover strengths and move toward healing. Whether you’re facing stress, transitions, or deeper challenges, we’ll work together to heal. I believe therapy should feel like a real, human conversation—warm, supportive, and honest. My approach is down-to-earth and collaborative, meaning we’ll work together to understand what’s going on beneath the surface and find practical ways to help you move forward.
(530) 735-5008 View (530) 735-5008
Photo of Lana Garvin, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Lana Garvin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
2 Endorsed
El Dorado Hills, CA 95762
I work with individuals, couples, and teens who feel anxious, overwhelmed, or stuck in patterns that no longer fit who they are becoming. Many of my clients are thoughtful, sensitive, and self-aware, yet struggle with emotional regulation, identity clarity, or recurring relationship dynamics rooted in earlier experiences. Therapy focuses on helping insight actually land—so life feels more manageable, relationships feel safer, and you feel more at home in yourself.
I work with individuals, couples, and teens who feel anxious, overwhelmed, or stuck in patterns that no longer fit who they are becoming. Many of my clients are thoughtful, sensitive, and self-aware, yet struggle with emotional regulation, identity clarity, or recurring relationship dynamics rooted in earlier experiences. Therapy focuses on helping insight actually land—so life feels more manageable, relationships feel safer, and you feel more at home in yourself.
(916) 235-6461 View (916) 235-6461
Photo of Christie Coffin, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Christie Coffin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
2 Endorsed
El Dorado Hills, CA 95762
Are you struggling with anxiety, OCD, relationship issues or trauma? I help adolescents and adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety, family issues, boundary issues, substance use as well as many other issues. Initially I want to provide support and develop skills to manage the stressors bringing you in to treatment, but I also help you move beyond stressors and help you connect to your authentic self and goals so you can manifest the life you want.
Are you struggling with anxiety, OCD, relationship issues or trauma? I help adolescents and adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety, family issues, boundary issues, substance use as well as many other issues. Initially I want to provide support and develop skills to manage the stressors bringing you in to treatment, but I also help you move beyond stressors and help you connect to your authentic self and goals so you can manifest the life you want.
(530) 303-7703 View (530) 303-7703

See more therapy options for El Dorado County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in El Dorado County, CA

400+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in El Dorado County, CA who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
80% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Self Esteem
59% Stress
57% Grief

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aetna
56% Optum
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in El Dorado County, CA see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in El Dorado County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.