Therapists in Apple Valley, CA

Photo of Kristi L Miller, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, ABAT, CF-L1, PuAuth
Kristi L Miller
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, ABAT, CF-L1, PuAuth
Apple Valley, CA 92307
I appreciate you considering me, as your Practitioner, and taking the time to dedicate yourself towards attaining optimal mental health. It is difficult to find a Clinician who understands personal hardships, grief / loss / hospice, trauma, abuse, victims of violence, and neurocognitive developmental disorders. I identify as a Neurodivergent Clinician offering client-centered treatment that adheres to the intergenerational aspects of the patients biopsychosocial and psychosocial experience(s). My clinical repertoire has been dedicated to serving others, from infants to elders, with a myriad of disease, illness, and psychopathology.
I appreciate you considering me, as your Practitioner, and taking the time to dedicate yourself towards attaining optimal mental health. It is difficult to find a Clinician who understands personal hardships, grief / loss / hospice, trauma, abuse, victims of violence, and neurocognitive developmental disorders. I identify as a Neurodivergent Clinician offering client-centered treatment that adheres to the intergenerational aspects of the patients biopsychosocial and psychosocial experience(s). My clinical repertoire has been dedicated to serving others, from infants to elders, with a myriad of disease, illness, and psychopathology.
(760) 307-1007 View (760) 307-1007
Photo of Cassandra Munoz, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Cassandra Munoz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hello! I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist (LMFT) based in California. I received my Masters from Loma Linda University and have been practicing for about 4 years. I help young adults struggling through career stress, burnout, or adjustment as they transition into new roles and explore the best version of themselves. I have experience with a diverse population, from different backgrounds and life experiences. I work with each individual as they share their unique journey.
Hello! I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist (LMFT) based in California. I received my Masters from Loma Linda University and have been practicing for about 4 years. I help young adults struggling through career stress, burnout, or adjustment as they transition into new roles and explore the best version of themselves. I have experience with a diverse population, from different backgrounds and life experiences. I work with each individual as they share their unique journey.
(747) 269-0337 View (747) 269-0337
Photo of Alyse Yancy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Alyse Yancy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
My ideal client feels overwhelmed, anxious, or emotionally stuck—often juggling stress, relationship challenges, family dynamics, or the impact of past experiences. They may struggle with boundaries, self-doubt, or burnout while trying to meet everyone else’s needs. They want relief, clarity, and practical tools to feel more grounded and in control. Their goal is to better understand themselves, improve coping skills, strengthen relationships, and create meaningful, lasting change in their lives.
My ideal client feels overwhelmed, anxious, or emotionally stuck—often juggling stress, relationship challenges, family dynamics, or the impact of past experiences. They may struggle with boundaries, self-doubt, or burnout while trying to meet everyone else’s needs. They want relief, clarity, and practical tools to feel more grounded and in control. Their goal is to better understand themselves, improve coping skills, strengthen relationships, and create meaningful, lasting change in their lives.
(442) 313-2452 View (442) 313-2452
Photo of Krystelina Gonzalez, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Krystelina Gonzalez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Apple Valley, CA 92308
I am committed to providing quality counseling with emphasis on compassion, acceptance, personal, and relational growth. My practice specializes in individual functioning and relationships by improving communication and emotional regulation. Me comprometo a proporcionar servicios de asesoramiento y consulta de calidad con énfasis en la compasión, el crecimiento personal y relacional. Mi práctica se especializa en mejorar el funcionamiento y las relaciones individuales al mejorar la comunicación y la inteligencia emocional.
I am committed to providing quality counseling with emphasis on compassion, acceptance, personal, and relational growth. My practice specializes in individual functioning and relationships by improving communication and emotional regulation. Me comprometo a proporcionar servicios de asesoramiento y consulta de calidad con énfasis en la compasión, el crecimiento personal y relacional. Mi práctica se especializa en mejorar el funcionamiento y las relaciones individuales al mejorar la comunicación y la inteligencia emocional.
(760) 691-5240 View (760) 691-5240
Photo of Shirell Bunch-Lipscomb, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Shirell Bunch-Lipscomb
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Apple Valley, CA 92307
Welcome, I'm Shirell Bunch-Lipscomb, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) who is committed to helping individuals and families overcome various challenges and heal from trauma, depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. My mission is to help you build stronger, more connected relationships while fostering emotional growth and resilience. My role as your guide is to help you identify and achieve your treatment goals by developing a strong, authentic relationship with you, teaching you valuable skills, and working collaboratively toward progress.
Welcome, I'm Shirell Bunch-Lipscomb, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) who is committed to helping individuals and families overcome various challenges and heal from trauma, depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. My mission is to help you build stronger, more connected relationships while fostering emotional growth and resilience. My role as your guide is to help you identify and achieve your treatment goals by developing a strong, authentic relationship with you, teaching you valuable skills, and working collaboratively toward progress.
(661) 466-4124 View (661) 466-4124
Photo of Sandra M Carlson - Mindfully Balanced, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Mindfully Balanced
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
8 Endorsed
Apple Valley, CA 92307
Hello, I’m Sandra — the founder of Mindfully Balanced. My deepest commitment is to walk beside you as you heal, grow, and reconnect with the parts of yourself you may have lost along the way. And while I hold the title of Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I want you to know that beneath it all, I am simply another human being — someone who understands struggle, resilience, and the courage it takes to seek support. I extend a heartfelt welcome to you. If you choose to begin your journey here, you will be met with compassion, safety, and genuine presence. I take great pride in creating a space where you can show up fully.
Hello, I’m Sandra — the founder of Mindfully Balanced. My deepest commitment is to walk beside you as you heal, grow, and reconnect with the parts of yourself you may have lost along the way. And while I hold the title of Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I want you to know that beneath it all, I am simply another human being — someone who understands struggle, resilience, and the courage it takes to seek support. I extend a heartfelt welcome to you. If you choose to begin your journey here, you will be met with compassion, safety, and genuine presence. I take great pride in creating a space where you can show up fully.
(442) 241-0088 View (442) 241-0088
Photo of Teri Martin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Teri Martin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Apple Valley, CA 92307
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who believes that the client’s interest is primary. I earned my Master of Social Work degree from the University of Southern California. I believe in the importance of respecting and promoting the rights of the client’s self-determination that guides the clients in their efforts to identifying and clarifying their goals. I have worked in various human service capabilities. My background has served to broaden my appreciation for diversity and differences. I understand that honoring people’s differences allows for a new growth and increased knowledge.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who believes that the client’s interest is primary. I earned my Master of Social Work degree from the University of Southern California. I believe in the importance of respecting and promoting the rights of the client’s self-determination that guides the clients in their efforts to identifying and clarifying their goals. I have worked in various human service capabilities. My background has served to broaden my appreciation for diversity and differences. I understand that honoring people’s differences allows for a new growth and increased knowledge.
(442) 200-0863 View (442) 200-0863
Photo of Regina J Peacock - Healthy Mind & Brain Center, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DEL, LCSW, PhD abd
Healthy Mind & Brain Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DEL, LCSW, PhD abd
Apple Valley, CA 92307
Healthy Mind & Brain Center (HMBC) is a mental health treatment group that specializes in both traditional and non-traditional counseling approaches. CBT, EMDR, Trauma Focused and Individual Therapy are examples of traditional approaches, whereas, neurofeedback, neuroplasticity, meditation and brain training are examples of non-traditional approaches. Regardless of the therapy methodology, our goal is to demonstrate empirical success in assisting clients in changing maladaptive behaviors and thinking habits.
Healthy Mind & Brain Center (HMBC) is a mental health treatment group that specializes in both traditional and non-traditional counseling approaches. CBT, EMDR, Trauma Focused and Individual Therapy are examples of traditional approaches, whereas, neurofeedback, neuroplasticity, meditation and brain training are examples of non-traditional approaches. Regardless of the therapy methodology, our goal is to demonstrate empirical success in assisting clients in changing maladaptive behaviors and thinking habits.
(760) 227-2409 View (760) 227-2409
Sarah Castro
Marriage & Family Therapist, ASW
Online Only
I see clients through telehealth throughout California. I specialize in working with trauma, anxiety, and depression. Whether your mind feels constantly “on,” your mood feels heavy and exhausting, or past experiences continue to show up in your present life, we can work together to help you feel more grounded and in control.
I see clients through telehealth throughout California. I specialize in working with trauma, anxiety, and depression. Whether your mind feels constantly “on,” your mood feels heavy and exhausting, or past experiences continue to show up in your present life, we can work together to help you feel more grounded and in control.
(760) 606-4361 View (760) 606-4361
Photo of Dawn Garrido, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Dawn Garrido
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Online Only
Hello! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who specializes in helping individuals reach their true potential and all the possibilities that life may hold for them. Whether you are struggling with such things as anxiety, depression, or relationship issues, or maybe you’re not sure what is going on, I’m here to explore your journey with you. I currently work with adults on a variety of issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, relationships, and grief and loss. My goal is to help you to feel heard and understood in a safe and welcoming space as you work towards your goals. Evening and weekend appointments available!
Hello! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who specializes in helping individuals reach their true potential and all the possibilities that life may hold for them. Whether you are struggling with such things as anxiety, depression, or relationship issues, or maybe you’re not sure what is going on, I’m here to explore your journey with you. I currently work with adults on a variety of issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, relationships, and grief and loss. My goal is to help you to feel heard and understood in a safe and welcoming space as you work towards your goals. Evening and weekend appointments available!
(442) 259-2051 View (442) 259-2051
Photo of Nelcy Yohanna Tamayo Manrique, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Nelcy Yohanna Tamayo Manrique
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hi there, I'm Nelcy! Greetings! I am a bilingual (Spanish - English) Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT). I’m a woman, mother and wife. I deeply believe in each person's wonderful value, love, and power. I believe in the infinite love of God for us. I believe in change, and I'm a witness to the changes in my clients' lives, and the power in each one to transform and thrive. I strive to create a comfortable and respectful environment where you can feel heard, vulnerable, and secure.
Hi there, I'm Nelcy! Greetings! I am a bilingual (Spanish - English) Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT). I’m a woman, mother and wife. I deeply believe in each person's wonderful value, love, and power. I believe in the infinite love of God for us. I believe in change, and I'm a witness to the changes in my clients' lives, and the power in each one to transform and thrive. I strive to create a comfortable and respectful environment where you can feel heard, vulnerable, and secure.
(424) 855-1596 View (424) 855-1596
Photo of Danelle Spikes, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Danelle Spikes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hello, My name is Danelle Spikes and I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT) working in San Bernardino County where I see clients via telehealth all over the State of California. I work with adults and specialize in depression, anxiety, and trauma. I often use Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Brain spotting to assist clients in meeting their needs and goals.
Hello, My name is Danelle Spikes and I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT) working in San Bernardino County where I see clients via telehealth all over the State of California. I work with adults and specialize in depression, anxiety, and trauma. I often use Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Brain spotting to assist clients in meeting their needs and goals.
(925) 397-2174 View (925) 397-2174
Photo of Marry Stuart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Marry Stuart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Do you have a desire to be the best ‘you’ that you can be? Or maybe you just need a little assistance to get through a tough time. I have experience with grief and loss, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and ADHD, and can assist with developing coping strategies for a variety of needs. I know that therapy can be intimidating, but you should be proud of yourself for taking this first big step. I work with individuals collaboratively to tailor therapeutic interventions for the specific needs of the person. Give me a call, and we will formulate a plan that will help you achieve your goal.
Do you have a desire to be the best ‘you’ that you can be? Or maybe you just need a little assistance to get through a tough time. I have experience with grief and loss, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and ADHD, and can assist with developing coping strategies for a variety of needs. I know that therapy can be intimidating, but you should be proud of yourself for taking this first big step. I work with individuals collaboratively to tailor therapeutic interventions for the specific needs of the person. Give me a call, and we will formulate a plan that will help you achieve your goal.
(510) 913-9631 View (510) 913-9631
Photo of Kristian Brenes, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Kristian Brenes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
11 Endorsed
Apple Valley, CA 92307
Your mind won’t stop spiraling: stuck in overthinking, people-pleasing, and the pressure to hold it all together. You’re juggling everyone’s needs while pushing your own aside, wondering why you still feel anxious, burnt out, and full of self-doubt. You crave clarity, peace, and to finally feel like yourself again. I help adults in their 20s, 30s, and 40s heal the patterns beneath anxiety and overwhelm so they can feel more grounded, confident, and aligned with themselves and the life they actually want.
Your mind won’t stop spiraling: stuck in overthinking, people-pleasing, and the pressure to hold it all together. You’re juggling everyone’s needs while pushing your own aside, wondering why you still feel anxious, burnt out, and full of self-doubt. You crave clarity, peace, and to finally feel like yourself again. I help adults in their 20s, 30s, and 40s heal the patterns beneath anxiety and overwhelm so they can feel more grounded, confident, and aligned with themselves and the life they actually want.
(760) 496-5188 View (760) 496-5188
Photo of Yohanna Tamayo, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Yohanna Tamayo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Life’s challenges can often feel overwhelming, and seeking support is a brave step toward healing and growth. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, or grief, I am here to provide compassionate and professional guidance. I primarily conduct therapy in Spanish. My goal is to create a safe, supportive space where you can explore your emotions and work toward positive change.
Life’s challenges can often feel overwhelming, and seeking support is a brave step toward healing and growth. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, or grief, I am here to provide compassionate and professional guidance. I primarily conduct therapy in Spanish. My goal is to create a safe, supportive space where you can explore your emotions and work toward positive change.
(760) 456-8689 View (760) 456-8689
Photo of Ann Simonds, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Ann Simonds
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
If you are you looking for ways to quiet old emotional reactions, and want to work with calming the inner child, we might be a good fit. I use Attachment informed EMDR and Ego State therapy for parts work which helps with childhood trauma and neglect. I believe most of our difficulties as humans stem from early life events including feeling neglected, unheard and unseen. I resonate with Gen X folks and I use a parts work approach that focuses on increasing self compassion and nurturing inner child parts using Ego State therapy and combine it with Attachment Informed EMDR or other trauma therapy processing techniques.
If you are you looking for ways to quiet old emotional reactions, and want to work with calming the inner child, we might be a good fit. I use Attachment informed EMDR and Ego State therapy for parts work which helps with childhood trauma and neglect. I believe most of our difficulties as humans stem from early life events including feeling neglected, unheard and unseen. I resonate with Gen X folks and I use a parts work approach that focuses on increasing self compassion and nurturing inner child parts using Ego State therapy and combine it with Attachment Informed EMDR or other trauma therapy processing techniques.
(760) 891-5220 View (760) 891-5220
Photo of Patricia Alice, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Patricia Alice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Apple Valley, CA 92307
I have many years experience working with and helping people find solutions to their problems. We all experience difficulties and talking with someone unconnected to your or your family can be helpful. I have worked with all age groups and have experience with a wide range of issues. These include (but are not limited to): couples and relationships; family difficulties; children and their wide range of issues; parenting; depression and anxiety; loss, tauma and grief; substance abuse recovery; anger management, loss of control and domestic violence issues. If you are in need of experience, give me a call.
I have many years experience working with and helping people find solutions to their problems. We all experience difficulties and talking with someone unconnected to your or your family can be helpful. I have worked with all age groups and have experience with a wide range of issues. These include (but are not limited to): couples and relationships; family difficulties; children and their wide range of issues; parenting; depression and anxiety; loss, tauma and grief; substance abuse recovery; anger management, loss of control and domestic violence issues. If you are in need of experience, give me a call.
(760) 621-3863 View (760) 621-3863
Photo of Shannon Novoa, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Shannon Novoa
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Apple Valley, CA 92307
Shannon Novoa, LMFT. I enjoy helping others uncomplicate the complicated. I believe the client is the best narrator of their story. Therapy should feel comfortable and judgment-free. Typically work with parents and children to assist in understanding different dynamics. I also worked with various adults with different backgrounds ranging from substance abuse to developmental difficulties. I also have experience with ADHD in teens & adults and different neurological diagnoses.
Shannon Novoa, LMFT. I enjoy helping others uncomplicate the complicated. I believe the client is the best narrator of their story. Therapy should feel comfortable and judgment-free. Typically work with parents and children to assist in understanding different dynamics. I also worked with various adults with different backgrounds ranging from substance abuse to developmental difficulties. I also have experience with ADHD in teens & adults and different neurological diagnoses.
(323) 312-3626 View (323) 312-3626
Photo of Gabriela Rivera, Associate Clinical Social Worker, MSW, ASW, PPS-CWA
Gabriela Rivera
Associate Clinical Social Worker, MSW, ASW, PPS-CWA
1 Endorsed
Apple Valley, CA 92307
Life can be wonderful, but it can also be complicated, difficult, and stressful. Sometimes, it hits us out of nowhere and throws us off balance. I am here to offer a safe space where you can process trauma, stress, and life's challenging moments. I believe that you are the expert of your own story, and my role is to support and guide you on your journey.
Life can be wonderful, but it can also be complicated, difficult, and stressful. Sometimes, it hits us out of nowhere and throws us off balance. I am here to offer a safe space where you can process trauma, stress, and life's challenging moments. I believe that you are the expert of your own story, and my role is to support and guide you on your journey.
(760) 971-4328 View (760) 971-4328
Photo of Tre'nise Anderson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Tre'nise Anderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi, I'm Tre'Nise! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in California. I earned a BA degree in Human Services with a concentration in Mental Health Recovery and a minor in Psychology from California State University, Dominguez Hills, and a Masters in Social Work with a concentration in Child Welfare from California State University, San Bernardino.
Hi, I'm Tre'Nise! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in California. I earned a BA degree in Human Services with a concentration in Mental Health Recovery and a minor in Psychology from California State University, Dominguez Hills, and a Masters in Social Work with a concentration in Child Welfare from California State University, San Bernardino.
(760) 875-0327 View (760) 875-0327

See more therapy options for Apple Valley

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Apple Valley, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Apple Valley, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
73% Self Esteem
70% Stress
65% Trauma and PTSD
62% Grief
61% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
70% Cigna and Evernorth
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Apple Valley, CA see their clients

59% Online Only
41% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Apple Valley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.