Therapists in Anaheim, CA

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Photo of Susan Kantharia, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Anaheim, CA
Susan Kantharia
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Anaheim, CA 92807
I partner with individuals stuck in unhealthy patterns, self-defeating behaviors, anxiety, addiction, low self-esteem, relational issues, co-dependency, depression and trauma. I utilize evidence-based therapy alongside creating grace filled environment. I strive to develop a trustworthy therapeutic relationship where you can get the safe space to explore and make sense of your thoughts, feelings and emotions. My style is calm, compassionate and solution-based where I provide acceptance and non-judgmental support.
I partner with individuals stuck in unhealthy patterns, self-defeating behaviors, anxiety, addiction, low self-esteem, relational issues, co-dependency, depression and trauma. I utilize evidence-based therapy alongside creating grace filled environment. I strive to develop a trustworthy therapeutic relationship where you can get the safe space to explore and make sense of your thoughts, feelings and emotions. My style is calm, compassionate and solution-based where I provide acceptance and non-judgmental support.
(657) 315-6131 View (657) 315-6131
Photo of Amina Choudhery, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Anaheim, CA
Amina Choudhery
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Anaheim, CA 92801  (Online Only)
In our work together, I will help you identify your individual needs, find effective ways to prioritize your mental health, and guide you towards becoming the healthiest version of yourself. Together, we will find those pockets of peace to make everyday a little lighter and brighter while still honoring your cultural, religious, and spiritual principles so that you may continue to give to others and prioritize your emotional well-being. My professional background is enriched with a diverse range of experiences allowing me to tailor therapeutic interventions to the unique needs of each individual.
In our work together, I will help you identify your individual needs, find effective ways to prioritize your mental health, and guide you towards becoming the healthiest version of yourself. Together, we will find those pockets of peace to make everyday a little lighter and brighter while still honoring your cultural, religious, and spiritual principles so that you may continue to give to others and prioritize your emotional well-being. My professional background is enriched with a diverse range of experiences allowing me to tailor therapeutic interventions to the unique needs of each individual.
(657) 837-2194 View (657) 837-2194
Photo of Edith Gutierrez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Anaheim, CA
Edith Gutierrez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Anaheim, CA 92805
My name is Edith Gutierrez. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. As an experienced therapist, I am dedicated to providing a safe and compassionate space for you to explore your thoughts, emotions, and challenges. Whether you are seeking support for anxiety, depression, grief and loss, relationship issues, personal development, or difficulties managing day-to-day life. I am here to guide you on your path to self-discovery and empowerment. I draw from many psychotherapeutic approaches depending on client needs and preferences often includes DBT, CBT, Existential, and Solution-Focused informed frameworks.
My name is Edith Gutierrez. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. As an experienced therapist, I am dedicated to providing a safe and compassionate space for you to explore your thoughts, emotions, and challenges. Whether you are seeking support for anxiety, depression, grief and loss, relationship issues, personal development, or difficulties managing day-to-day life. I am here to guide you on your path to self-discovery and empowerment. I draw from many psychotherapeutic approaches depending on client needs and preferences often includes DBT, CBT, Existential, and Solution-Focused informed frameworks.
(562) 669-2370 View (562) 669-2370
Photo of Brianna Snead, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Anaheim, CA
Brianna Snead
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Anaheim, CA 92804
Welcome! I am a California Licensed Social Worker who has worked with clients with a wide range of issues. My clinical style is holistic and person-centered and follows a strength-based perspective tailored to meet the unique needs of each individual. I employ combined approaches that include, Psychodynamic, Behavioral and Solution Focused techniques to name a few.
Welcome! I am a California Licensed Social Worker who has worked with clients with a wide range of issues. My clinical style is holistic and person-centered and follows a strength-based perspective tailored to meet the unique needs of each individual. I employ combined approaches that include, Psychodynamic, Behavioral and Solution Focused techniques to name a few.
(714) 215-9728 View (714) 215-9728
Photo of C. K. (Grace) Chung, Marriage & Family Therapist in Anaheim, CA
C. K. (Grace) Chung
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Anaheim, CA 92801
Life is not easy and relationships are complicated. We all face moments in life that we experience difficulties at home, school, work, or in relationships. At times it can be very painful and may make you feel hopeless. Although friends and family can be of support, there are times when professional help is needed. I am here to walk with you during these difficult times. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who specialize in the treatment of children, adolescents, young adults, and their families. I provide counseling for individual, couple, and family. I have over 10 years of training and professional experience.
Life is not easy and relationships are complicated. We all face moments in life that we experience difficulties at home, school, work, or in relationships. At times it can be very painful and may make you feel hopeless. Although friends and family can be of support, there are times when professional help is needed. I am here to walk with you during these difficult times. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who specialize in the treatment of children, adolescents, young adults, and their families. I provide counseling for individual, couple, and family. I have over 10 years of training and professional experience.
(714) 880-8457 View (714) 880-8457
Photo of Starr Lee, Marriage & Family Therapist in Anaheim, CA
Starr Lee
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Anaheim, CA 92805
My name is Starr Lee, a licensed marriage family therapist (LMFT), working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in depression, anxiety, and trauma, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Client-Centered Therapy to help my clients to regain health, wholeness, and wellness. I work to help my clients to develop a more positive and adaptive way of thinking, feeling, behaving and to empower my clients to take an active role in their own lives. My communication style is calm, personable, and collaborative. I want my clients to know I am empathetic and genuine.
My name is Starr Lee, a licensed marriage family therapist (LMFT), working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in depression, anxiety, and trauma, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Client-Centered Therapy to help my clients to regain health, wholeness, and wellness. I work to help my clients to develop a more positive and adaptive way of thinking, feeling, behaving and to empower my clients to take an active role in their own lives. My communication style is calm, personable, and collaborative. I want my clients to know I am empathetic and genuine.
(714) 844-7985 View (714) 844-7985
Karissa Abdallah
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Anaheim, CA 92807
Hi! My name is Karissa and I'm a Clinical Psychology Intern enrolled in the Doctoral program at the Chicago School. I have experience working with individuals with trauma, anxiety, depression, substance use, and other mood disorders. My approach to therapy is grounded in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) orientation. However, I recognize that there is no “one size fits all” approach to therapy and understand the importance of tailoring therapy to best fit individual needs. My goal is to provide a supportive therapeutic environment where you can work towards your goals and self-development. I look forward to working with you!
Hi! My name is Karissa and I'm a Clinical Psychology Intern enrolled in the Doctoral program at the Chicago School. I have experience working with individuals with trauma, anxiety, depression, substance use, and other mood disorders. My approach to therapy is grounded in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) orientation. However, I recognize that there is no “one size fits all” approach to therapy and understand the importance of tailoring therapy to best fit individual needs. My goal is to provide a supportive therapeutic environment where you can work towards your goals and self-development. I look forward to working with you!
(657) 300-2407 View (657) 300-2407
Photo of Noor Aljawad, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Anaheim, CA
Noor Aljawad
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Anaheim, CA 92804  (Online Only)
Hello! As a licensed clinical therapist, I provide respectful and compassionate services to help you identify your goals, and support you in coping with challenges along the way to achieving them. I believe that everyone deserves to be treated fairly and kindly, and that our behaviors serve a function, whether unhealthy or healthy, understood or misunderstood. I work with clients who struggle with various issues, such as anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, relationship problems, identity, and self-esteem. My aim is to create a safe & supportive space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences without judgment.
Hello! As a licensed clinical therapist, I provide respectful and compassionate services to help you identify your goals, and support you in coping with challenges along the way to achieving them. I believe that everyone deserves to be treated fairly and kindly, and that our behaviors serve a function, whether unhealthy or healthy, understood or misunderstood. I work with clients who struggle with various issues, such as anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, relationship problems, identity, and self-esteem. My aim is to create a safe & supportive space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences without judgment.
(858) 666-6797 View (858) 666-6797
Photo of Michelle Blue, Marriage & Family Therapist in Anaheim, CA
Michelle Blue
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS
Verified Verified
Anaheim, CA 92804  (Online Only)
I am passionate about women's health. I want to dismantle the internalized systemic oppression of women and ignite the flame of strength and empowerment within. I am transparent, consistent, and human. As a trauma therapist, I prioritize boundaries, congruent communication, and empowerment while healing wounds of oppression from the system and experiences of abuse throughout the lifespan.
I am passionate about women's health. I want to dismantle the internalized systemic oppression of women and ignite the flame of strength and empowerment within. I am transparent, consistent, and human. As a trauma therapist, I prioritize boundaries, congruent communication, and empowerment while healing wounds of oppression from the system and experiences of abuse throughout the lifespan.
(657) 837-5821 View (657) 837-5821
Photo of Charnine B Swanson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Anaheim, CA
Charnine B Swanson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS , LMFT
Verified Verified
Anaheim, CA 92807
I have had the opportunity to walk many people through the difficult stages of life while creating a safe environment in which they can grow. It is easy to feel stuck and not know how to move forward. I can help you with that!
I have had the opportunity to walk many people through the difficult stages of life while creating a safe environment in which they can grow. It is easy to feel stuck and not know how to move forward. I can help you with that!
(657) 255-7839 View (657) 255-7839
Photo of Valerie Steffes, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Anaheim, CA
Valerie Steffes
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LAMFT
Verified Verified
Anaheim, CA 92802  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I offer therapy services to adults, teens, couples, and children. I enjoy working with individuals experiencing anxiety, and providing psychoeducation and tools for managing existing anxiety and reducing/eliminating future anxiety. My goal is the assist each client with becoming a better version of themselves.
I offer therapy services to adults, teens, couples, and children. I enjoy working with individuals experiencing anxiety, and providing psychoeducation and tools for managing existing anxiety and reducing/eliminating future anxiety. My goal is the assist each client with becoming a better version of themselves.
(562) 379-3182 View (562) 379-3182
Photo of Connie Goodpastor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Anaheim, CA
Connie Goodpastor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Anaheim, CA 92805
I am Connie Goodpaster, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years of professional experience. I provide effective evidence-based treatments to address clients' emotional well-being in safe & judgment-free venue. My objective is to help you & your support system to achieve mental, physical, and inner growth in efforts to meet your goals and obtain greater well-being & functioning. My experiences span from working with families, parents, individuals, and support networks. I specialize in military transition challenges, parenting coaching & conflict resolution, court-ordered support, trauma, mood & psychiatric disorders.
I am Connie Goodpaster, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years of professional experience. I provide effective evidence-based treatments to address clients' emotional well-being in safe & judgment-free venue. My objective is to help you & your support system to achieve mental, physical, and inner growth in efforts to meet your goals and obtain greater well-being & functioning. My experiences span from working with families, parents, individuals, and support networks. I specialize in military transition challenges, parenting coaching & conflict resolution, court-ordered support, trauma, mood & psychiatric disorders.
(562) 620-8368 View (562) 620-8368
Photo of Moyo Life Coaching in Anaheim, CA
Moyo Life Coaching
ACC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Anaheim, CA 92807  (Online Only)
Hi my name is Vince, thanks for stopping by my page. With a deep understanding of the creative process and the challenges faced by artists, entrepreneurs and those with ADHD, I work to guide my clients towards unlocking their full potential and achieving the success they desire. Through a combination of empathy, active listening, and creative problem-solving, I help my clients discover their own unique path forward and gain the confidence they need to succeed. I have worked as a mindset and creative coach for primarily musicians since 2020 and have now expanded my coaching practice to all walks of life.
Hi my name is Vince, thanks for stopping by my page. With a deep understanding of the creative process and the challenges faced by artists, entrepreneurs and those with ADHD, I work to guide my clients towards unlocking their full potential and achieving the success they desire. Through a combination of empathy, active listening, and creative problem-solving, I help my clients discover their own unique path forward and gain the confidence they need to succeed. I have worked as a mindset and creative coach for primarily musicians since 2020 and have now expanded my coaching practice to all walks of life.
(657) 345-2994 View (657) 345-2994
Photo of Justin Trichter, Marriage & Family Therapist in Anaheim, CA
Justin Trichter
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Anaheim, CA 92808  (Online Only)
Seeking change, but having trouble knowing where to start? Need support in your stressful daily life? Looking for a place to gain more insight into yourself or want a place to be able to express yourself and learn about yourself along the way? Struggling with depression, daily life, stress, anxiety, depression, or ongoing cycle of substance abuse. Someone who is motivated to change and wants to learn healthy coping skills to utilize to help or enhance your daily life. Someone open to being challenged and uncomfortable to begin making positive changes in their life.
Seeking change, but having trouble knowing where to start? Need support in your stressful daily life? Looking for a place to gain more insight into yourself or want a place to be able to express yourself and learn about yourself along the way? Struggling with depression, daily life, stress, anxiety, depression, or ongoing cycle of substance abuse. Someone who is motivated to change and wants to learn healthy coping skills to utilize to help or enhance your daily life. Someone open to being challenged and uncomfortable to begin making positive changes in their life.
(657) 837-5234 View (657) 837-5234
Photo of Varsha Panjabi, Marriage & Family Therapist in Anaheim, CA
Varsha Panjabi
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Anaheim, CA 92805
Therapy can be an emotionally painful and difficult process, but also an empowering and rewarding investment towards emotional healing, interpersonal growth and healthy relationships. You have already started this journey by recognizing and asking for professional help. This shows courage, motivation and desire to change. Having a positive experience starts with a trusting connection with a therapist in a safe, neutral and supportive environment. In my practice, I focus on strengths and solutions to help clients gain insight about their current dysfunctional patterns and develop behavioral action plans to make positive changes.
Therapy can be an emotionally painful and difficult process, but also an empowering and rewarding investment towards emotional healing, interpersonal growth and healthy relationships. You have already started this journey by recognizing and asking for professional help. This shows courage, motivation and desire to change. Having a positive experience starts with a trusting connection with a therapist in a safe, neutral and supportive environment. In my practice, I focus on strengths and solutions to help clients gain insight about their current dysfunctional patterns and develop behavioral action plans to make positive changes.
(714) 790-9972 View (714) 790-9972
Photo of Christi Lindsay, Psychologist in Anaheim, CA
Christi Lindsay
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Anaheim, CA 92801  (Online Only)
Feeling overwhelmed by work, relationships or family dynamics? Struggling with anxiety, depression, or self-defeating behaviors? You are not alone. The good news is that therapy can provide a safe space for processing these challenges and for exploring new approaches to old problems. Whatever your needs, we will work together to help you feel better. My approach is warm and collaborative. Our work together can develop your strengths & self-confidence to help you feel more comfortable in your own skin and more in control of the world and people around you. The complexity of our lives can be overwhelming, but doesn't have to be.
Feeling overwhelmed by work, relationships or family dynamics? Struggling with anxiety, depression, or self-defeating behaviors? You are not alone. The good news is that therapy can provide a safe space for processing these challenges and for exploring new approaches to old problems. Whatever your needs, we will work together to help you feel better. My approach is warm and collaborative. Our work together can develop your strengths & self-confidence to help you feel more comfortable in your own skin and more in control of the world and people around you. The complexity of our lives can be overwhelming, but doesn't have to be.
(562) 203-0872 View (562) 203-0872
Photo of Adam Luke, Marriage & Family Therapist in Anaheim, CA
Adam Luke
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Anaheim, CA 92808  (Online Only)
One of the scariest parts of therapy is the unknown. Our fear of therapy focuses on what we will have to say, the things we will have to feel but rarely when we think of therapy do we focus on the things we may find within ourselves. Like the courage to speak power to our own voice. The reality that we are not the sum of the worst things that have happened to us. Hell, maybe that we have always been valuable and we never deserved the way we were treated, the hurt we were given or the hurt that is still present within us. It is through our therapeutic process that we are able to organize your thoughts and prioritize your voice.
One of the scariest parts of therapy is the unknown. Our fear of therapy focuses on what we will have to say, the things we will have to feel but rarely when we think of therapy do we focus on the things we may find within ourselves. Like the courage to speak power to our own voice. The reality that we are not the sum of the worst things that have happened to us. Hell, maybe that we have always been valuable and we never deserved the way we were treated, the hurt we were given or the hurt that is still present within us. It is through our therapeutic process that we are able to organize your thoughts and prioritize your voice.
(657) 837-1884 View (657) 837-1884
Photo of Norman Alberto Quintero, Marriage & Family Therapist in Anaheim, CA
Norman Alberto Quintero
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Anaheim, CA 92806
I enjoy working with a wide variety of clients and strongly believe that as a therapist my job is to be the fellow traveler of those that seek the road of recovery of whatever their challenges might be. I have great respect for those individuals that seek to overcome life challenges that impair their lives and have the determination to reach out for help. I am also a Christian Pastor, who clearly predicates inclusiveness and love without any trace of judgement, welcoming all and embracing diversity.
I enjoy working with a wide variety of clients and strongly believe that as a therapist my job is to be the fellow traveler of those that seek the road of recovery of whatever their challenges might be. I have great respect for those individuals that seek to overcome life challenges that impair their lives and have the determination to reach out for help. I am also a Christian Pastor, who clearly predicates inclusiveness and love without any trace of judgement, welcoming all and embracing diversity.
(657) 666-3846 View (657) 666-3846
Photo of Leslie Romero-Gallegos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Anaheim, CA
Leslie Romero-Gallegos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Anaheim, CA 92804
Hello, My name is Leslie Romero-Gallegos and I am a bilingual Licensed Clinical Social Worker located in Southern California. I work with adult individuals who are struggling in many areas of their mental health.
Hello, My name is Leslie Romero-Gallegos and I am a bilingual Licensed Clinical Social Worker located in Southern California. I work with adult individuals who are struggling in many areas of their mental health.
(657) 837-5888 View (657) 837-5888
Photo of Leah Haymond, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Anaheim, CA
Leah Haymond
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Anaheim, CA 92805
Hello, I'm Leah, a licensed clinical social worker. I work with people to learn new coping skills so they can make the changes they want to see in their lives. A lot of it is working with emotions so they can communicate what's important but without the emotions taking control of behavior. I work with adults who want to learn to do things differently: get control of their emotions, figure out new ways to be in relationships with others, and stop letting "irrational" fears determine what they can and can't do.
Hello, I'm Leah, a licensed clinical social worker. I work with people to learn new coping skills so they can make the changes they want to see in their lives. A lot of it is working with emotions so they can communicate what's important but without the emotions taking control of behavior. I work with adults who want to learn to do things differently: get control of their emotions, figure out new ways to be in relationships with others, and stop letting "irrational" fears determine what they can and can't do.
(562) 620-8837 View (562) 620-8837

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Anaheim, CA

400+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Anaheim, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
77% Self Esteem
76% Coping Skills
75% Relationship Issues
70% Stress
64% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
80% Cigna and Evernorth
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Anaheim, CA see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Anaheim?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.